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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Karyotypic patterns were analyzed from the four major histopathologic groups of human lung cancer: small cell (SCC), squamous cell (SQC), large cell (LCC), and adenocarcinoma (ADC). The studies were performed on banded chromosomes from direct preparations of pleural fluids (one case of SQC and LCC, respectively) and on cell lines. All metaphases were aneuploid and showed highly rearranged chromosomes, with the exception of the direct preparation of the SQC, which was pseudodiploid. The number of marker chromosomes varied-from tumor to tumor. No consistent aberrations could be detected. Special attention was paid to chromosomes 3p-, which was earlier reported to be a characteristic marker chromosome for SCC. We could confirm the presence of that abnormality in two of our six SCC lines. However, we also found a 3p- in a primary SQC culture, in one LCC cell line, and in one ADC cell line. The breakpoint on 3p was not consistent. In some lines, numerical and structural changes of chromosomes #1, #12, #14, and #22 were also noteworthy, although none of these chromosome abnormalities seemed to be correlated to a certain histopathologic group.
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PMID:Karyotypic characterization of established cell lines and short-term cultures of human lung cancers. 298 76

The anticancer agent, Nimustine, which is a derivative of Nimustine hydrochloride (Sankyo CC, Ltd), was suspended in an oil, Lipiodol, using an ultrasonic suspender and used in experimental animals and human subjects with malignant tumor. The use of Lipiodol facilitates the fluoroscopic demonstration of the site into which the suspension has been injected. The Nimustine-Lipiodol suspension was almost stable in room air over 7 days and diffusion of suspended Nimustine into saline in vitro was still noted 4 weeks later. Remarkable regression of tumor size was observed when the Nimustine-Lipiodol suspension was locally injected into the lesion of Lewis lung cancer subcutaneously inoculated into mice. Moreover, a marked regression of tumor size and improvement of CEA level in serum were also obtained when arterial injection of the Nimustine-Lipiodol suspension was carried out in patients with metastatic liver cancer. Therefore, local or arterial injection of Nimustine-Lipiodol suspension is considered to be effective as a method of cancer targeting therapy.
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PMID:[Clinical or experimental use of an anticancer drug-oil suspension and its characteristics]. 301 42

Based on the overall results of a UFT phase II study made in 104 institutions in Japan from April of 1979 to September of 1980, there was a response rate of 27.7% with 3 CR cases and 49 PR cases out of 188 stomach cancer cases considered as evaluable according to solid cancer chemotherapy direct efficacy criteria. Other response rates were spleen cancer 25%, gallbladder cancer 25%, liver cancer 19.2%, colorectal cancer 25%, breast cancer 32% and lung cancer 7%. Side effects out of 551 cases were, loss of appetite 24.3%, nausea/vomiting 12.5%, diarrhea 11.1% and other digestive system symptoms mainly. The hematologic side effects were mild, being 6.9%. According to the UFT phase II study, in 438 evaluable cases followed for 5 years after testing, the results were analyzed in terms of therapeutic efficacy and survival time. In 185 stomach cancer cases, 50% survival time was 185 days, with CR + PR cases 336 days, MR + NC cases 183 days, and PD cases 97 days. Colorectal cancer showed a 50% survival time of 227 days in 54 cases, while that for 49 breast cancer cases was 505 days. Total Ftorafur (FT) results using the same criteria from the UFT phase II study revealed, from a comparison of dosage and disease type, that UFT did not enhance FT side effects; rather, it markedly increases effectiveness. Therefore, on the basis of its response rate and the survival time for the cases of digestive system cancer, UFT is considered an effective anticancer agent.
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PMID:[Report on nationwide pooled data and cohort investigation in UFT phase II study]. 311 85

Mortalities from selected sites of cancer among 5,130 male Japanese physicians followed up for 19 years were examined in relation to smoking and drinking habits surveyed in 1965. With smoking habit classified into three categories (never/past, 1-19 and greater than or equal to 20 cigarettes/day) and drinking habit into four (never/past, occasional, less than 2 and greater than or equal to 2 go of sake/day), the effects of the two factors and their combined effect were analyzed by using the Cox proportional hazard model. Interaction of smoking and drinking was found to be negligible for the sites of cancer studied (upper aerodigestive tract, esophagus, stomach, large bowel, liver and lung), and independent relationships of smoking and drinking with upper aerodigestive cancer were confirmed. Smoking, besides being strongly associated with lung cancer, was also weakly, but significantly, related to stomach cancer. Liver cancer showed no association with smoking whereas this cancer was significantly related to alcohol consumption. The present findings provide further evidence for the association between cigarette smoking and stomach cancer but do not support the relationship recently suggested between smoking and liver cancer.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking, alcohol and cancer mortality: a cohort study of male Japanese physicians. 312 36

A study of cancer risk among male employees at 241 livestock feed processing companies in Denmark was conducted on the basis of a data linkage system for detailed investigation of occupational cancer providing employment histories back until 1964, established at the Danish Cancer Registry. Crops imported for feed production have often been contaminated with highly variable concentrations of aflatoxins; an estimated average concentration of at least 140 micrograms aflatoxin B1 kg-1 prepared mixed cattle feed prevailed in the past, yielding a daily intake for workers via the respiratory route of approximately 170 ng. Risk was established on the basis of cancer cases among male workers, whose employment in one of the companies was the job they had held for the longest time since 1964. Elevated risks for liver cancer and for cancers of the biliary tract were observed, which increased by two- to three-fold significance after a 10-year latency. Exposure to aflatoxins in the imported crops was judged to be the most probable explanation for these findings, although the influence of lifestyle factors, e.g. alcohol consumption on the results cannot be fully disregarded. Increased risks for salivary gland tumours and multiple myeloma were also detected. However, due to multiple comparisons carried out in this study these new associations must await further confirmation. A decreased risk for lung cancer was observed; despite possible negative confounding due to the smoking habits of the employees, the lung does not seem to be a target organ for the carcinogenic effect of inhaled aflatoxins in humans.
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PMID:Cancer risk and occupational exposure to aflatoxins in Denmark. 317 93

Swiss national cancer mortality statistics from 1951 to 1984 and survival rates from the Vaud Cancer Registry datafile over the period 1974-1980 were considered in terms of sex ratios. Overall age-standardized cancer mortality for population aged 35-64 showed only a moderate decline in males (from 230 to 221/100,000), but a substantial one in females (from 191 to 152/100,000). Mortality from most cancer sites (except gallbladder and thyroid) was persistently higher in males, the male/female ratio ranging between 1.2 for intestines, skin, brain and lympho-reticular neoplasms to about 2 for stomach or pancreas, up to 7-10 for lung and cancers related to tobacco and alcohol (mouth or pharynx, oesophagus). The sex ratio for lung cancer increased between the early 1950's and the mid 1960's, but noticeably declined thereafter, probably reflecting trends in smoking prevalence among subsequent generations of Swiss males and females. Less obvious is the substantial increase in the sex ratio for liver cancer (from 1.6 to 5.7), which was evident in younger middle age, too. Population-based cancer survival statistics indicated that for most common sites rates were appreciably higher in females than in males. Thus, better survival explains part of the advantage in cancer mortality for women. This can be related to earlier diagnosis, better compliance or responsiveness to treatment, although there is no obvious single interpretation for this generalized more favourable pattern in females.
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PMID:Sex differentials in Swiss cancer mortality. 321 32

Occupational mortality among Hong Kong males aged 15 and above were examined for the period 1979-1983, using routine death registration and census data. Age-standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and relative SMR (RSMR) were calculated for each two-digit occupational group and elevated mortality from all and various causes were highlighted. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease was strikingly associated with professional and sales-managerial occupations whereas colorectal cancers were associated with predominantly clerical and sales workers. Mortality from cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx was elevated in fishermen as well as in farmers, food, drink and tobacco workers, mechanical fitters, and others. Excesses of liver cancer were found in doctors, fishermen and construction workers. Lung cancer deaths were particularly excessive among fishermen, plumbers and welders, construction workers and transport equipment operators. Fishermen were at high risk of death from cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, stomach, liver and lung, cerebrovascular diseases and cirrhosis. Miners and quarrymen experienced high mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic obstructive airways disease whereas construction workers also experienced high mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis as well as cancers of the liver, lung and bladder and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Transport workers were at high risk of dying from cancers of the stomach and lung, cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. These and other associations were generally in line with those found from other similar surveys or detailed studies. The limitations of such studies are many and discussed in the context of Hong Kong.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Occupational mortality in Hong Kong, 1979-1983. 326 Feb 22

From 1977 to 1982, 62 patients with various advanced malignant solid tumors were treated by HD-MTX-CFR therapy and totally 129 courses were given. Majority of the patients suffered from malignant lymphoma (10), osteogenic sarcoma (11), lung cancer (16), esophageal cancer (3), breast cancer (3) and malignant melanoma (4). All were confirmed by cytology or pathology except one primary liver cancer. There were clinically measurable lesions in 59 patients for evaluation of the treatment, and 3 osteogenic sarcoma patients without metastasis were given a postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. 33 out of 62 had received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy before. Dose of MTX ranged from 2 to 3 gm per course in most patients and dose of CF, from 9 to 12 mg every 6 hours for 3 days. 2 (3.4%) patients achieved complete remission (1 osteogenic sarcoma and 1 malignant lymphoma) and 8 (13.6%), partial remission (1 osteogenic sarcoma, 5 malignant lymphoma, 1 esophageal cancer and 1 breast cancer) with a total response rate of 15.9%. No response was observed in all 16 lung cancers. The main side effects of HD-MTX-CFR therapy were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevation of SGPT, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, skin rash, fever and fatigue. All patients were followed more than 3 years. 4 patients are still alive (9, 9, 4 and 7 years, respectively), including 3 osteogenic sarcoma patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 1 mycosis fungoides.
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PMID:[High-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue (HD-MTX-CFR) in the treatment of malignant solid tumors--clinical analysis of 62 patients]. 326 85

The Swedish Cancer-Environment Register was used to study time-related trends in relative risks (RRs) of cancer between 1961 and 1979 in a cohort of 254,417 Swedish men who were employed in agriculture in 1960. The reference cohort consisted of 1,725,845 Swedish men who were gainfully employed in economic activities other than agriculture or forestry in 1960. Altogether 24,763 cancers were observed in the study cohort and 146,900 in the reference cohort, giving an estimated RR for the entire study period of 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.81-0.83). The RR for all sites combined increased from 0.80 in 1961-73 to 0.84 in 1974-79 (P less than .01). The RR also increased over time for primary liver cancer (P less than .01), prostate cancer (P less than .01), cancer of other genital organs (P less than .01), cancer of urinary organs (P less than .01), lip cancer (P less than .05), and cancer of the nose and nasal cavities (P less than .05). For most of these sites the RR remained lower than unity. For prostate cancer, however, the RR was unity at the end of the study period. A decrease in the RR over time was observed for skin carcinomas of the trunk and limbs (P less than .05) and malignant tumors of the nervous system (P less than .05). For 27 of the 48 analyzed tumor sites the RR for the entire period 1961-79 was significantly lower than unity. The lowest RRs were seen for cancer of the pleura (0.25), cancer of the larynx (0.35), lung cancer (0.36), cancer of the hypopharynx (0.36), cancer of the floor of mouth (0.40), primary liver cancer (0.44), and cancer of the kidney pelvis (0.49). RRs significantly higher than unity were found for cancer of the lip (1.92), malignant melanoma, and carcinoma of the skin in the head and neck region (1.39 and 1.15, respectively), multiple myeloma (1.20), and cancer of the stomach (1.07).
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PMID:Trends in cancer risks among Swedish agricultural workers. 346 7

Mitoxantrone is an anthraquinone antineoplastic agent with structural similarities to doxorubicin. It has a mechanism of action similar to the anthracyclines. Its primary elimination route is hepatic metabolism (only seven percent renal excretion) and it has a terminal half-life of approximately 40 hours. Mitoxantrone has significant activity in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, acute leukemias, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Some activity is reported in head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's, myeloma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and liver cancer. There is a suggestion of incomplete cross-resistance between mitoxantrone and the anthracyclines in certain neoplasms. Some activity is reported with mitoxantrone in patients refractory to the anthracyclines in breast cancer, acute leukemias, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The usual doses used in solid tumors and in lymphomas are mitoxantrone 12-14 mg/m2 iv q3-4wk and in leukemias is mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2/d X 5 d iv for initial induction.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone. 351 24


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