Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1987, 14 patients (10 colorectal, 3 gastric and 1 lung cancer) with unresectable liver metastases received intra-arterial infusion chemo-embolization therapy using implantable infusion port. All patients had more than one lesion in bilateral lobe (H2 and H3). Infusion catheters were placed in the proper hepatic artery through the gastroduodenal artery on laparotomy. Infusion ports were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall. Various kinds of chemotherapeutic agents such as MMC, ADR, THP-ADR, CDDP and 5-FU were injected with embolization material (DSM or Lipiodol), every 1 to 4 weeks at the outpatient clinic. Among 10 cases of H2 grade metastases, 1 CR and 3 PR (40% clinical response) were obtained. However, all 4 cases of H3 grade were judged PD. All patients except one with H2 grade metastases are still alive, but 3 out of 4 with H3 grade died within 7 to 11 months. Catheter occlusion was observed in 4 cases for 3 to 7 months. Infection around the port occurred in 1 patient. A patient with metastatic liver cancer was treated by intermittent bolus injection with MMC and DSM. Partial response was confirmed by CT and tumor markers. Histological response was demonstrated in the specimen obtained at partial hepatectomy. It is concluded that this treatment is variable to prolong the survival of patients with H2 grade metastatic liver cancer, together with maintenance of the quality of life.
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PMID:[Chemo-embolization therapy of unresectable liver metastases using implantable infusion port]. 255 Dec 30

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between life style factors and adult disease for Chinese living in Japan. The mortalities of major cancers and other major diseases of Chinese in Japan were compared with those of Japanese by calculating Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) for the Chinese using death rates in the Japanese population the standard. The life style data on smoking, drinking and dietary habits for Chinese in Japan were collected by self-administered questionnaire surveys, and age-adjusted proportions were calculated with the truncated world population as the standard. Then the corrected indexes on life style for Chinese in Japan were compared with those of Japanese. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The mortality rates of heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease, liver cirrhosis, rectum cancer, liver cancer (both sexes), lung cancer (females), breast cancer and cerebrovascular disease (females) for Chinese in Japan were higher than those for Japanese, but the rates of stomach cancer, pancreas cancer (both sexes), uterus cancer (females) and cerebrovascular disease (males) were lower than those for Japanese. 2. The prevalence of current smokers for Chinese males in Japan was lower than that of Japanese, and that of females was higher than that of Japanese. The prevalence of non-smokers for Chinese males was higher than that of Japanese, and that of females was lower than that of Japanese. 3. Although the prevalence of regular drinkers for Chinese of both sexes in Japan were lower than that of Japanese, the prevalence of heavy drinkers who drank over 80 ml of ethanol every day for Chinese males was higher than that of Japanese males. 4. Significant differences were not found in the prevalences of frequent consumers of meat, milk, eggs, fish, other vegetables and food using oil between cooks and non-cooks of Chinese of both sexes in Japan. 5. The age-adjusted prevalences of frequent meat and milk consumers for Chinese in Japan were higher than those of Japanese in both sexes, but those of frequent pickled vegetable and MISO soup consumers were lower than those of Japanese. The dietary pattern of Chinese in Japan was different from that of Japanese with intakes of much fat and less salt. 6. It is assumed that the mortalities due to adult disease for Chinese in Japan are related to their heavy drinking and to their dietary habits.
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PMID:[A socio-medical study of adult diseases related to the life style of Chinese in Japan]. 263 81

Tumour markers are often circulating tumour-associated indicators of tumour development. As such they are not suitable for tumour screening and localization, but valuable as adjuncts for medical follow-up care of tumour patients, where their serum level alterations may anticipate the clinical detection of tumour behaviour by a lead time of 1 to 6 months before other methods. The following tumour may be controlled by established markers: endocrine tumours by NSE, calcitonin, parathormone, 5-HIAA, catecholamines/metabolites etc.; head-neck tumours: SCC, CEA; thyroid carcinoma: TG, calcitonin; lung cancer: CEA, NSE, SCC; liver cancer: AFP (PLC), CA 19-9 (cholangiocell.), CEA (secondary): biliary tract and pancreatic cancer: CA 19-9; colorectal carcinoma: CEA, CA 19-9; squamous cell carcinoma (ENT, oesophagus, anal): SCC; breast cancer: CEA and CA 15-3; ovarian cancer: CA 125 (epithelial), CA 19-9 (mucinous); germ cell tumours (ovary including trophoblastic tumours/testes): AFP and HCG; prostatic cancer: PAP and PSA; bladder cancer: TPA.
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PMID:[Clinical relevance of tumor markers]. 267 6

The mortality in a cohort of workers at a vinyl chloride polymerization plant has been updated, extending the period of observation in the original study from 1974 to 1986. Workers at this plant may have been exposed to vinyl chloride monomer and/or polyvinyl chloride dust, or may have had no exposure to either substance. Seventy-six percent of the work force worked in jobs with potential exposure to vinyl chloride monomer. Among the total cohort, statistically significant excess risks were observed for liver, lung, and brain cancer. For the subcohort of workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for liver cancer was 333 (90% confidence interval (CI) 202 to 521). However, there were no significant excesses of either brain (SMR = 145, 90% CI 78 to 249) or lung cancer (SMR = 115, 90% CI 96 to 141). To investigate dose response, nested case-control studies for liver, brain, and lung cancer were conducted among the total cohort (including the nonexposed). For these studies there were two exposure variables, cumulative dose of vinyl chloride monomer and cumulative dose of polyvinyl chloride dust. Cumulative dose was defined as the product of level and duration of exposure. The only significant association between disease risk and cumulative dose was for liver cancer and cumulative dose of vinyl chloride monomer. Further division of the liver cancers into angiosarcoma (n = 12) and other liver cancers (n = 7), based on review of death certificates and medical records, showed that the dose response existed only for angiosarcomas.
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PMID:Cohort and case-control analyses of workers exposed to vinyl chloride: an update. 273 15

A significant increase in lung cancer was observed in a previous study on the mortality experience of a cohort of 1332 male workers employed between 1959 and 1980 in a resin manufacturing plant. Due to the limited exposure and an inadequate follow-up, it was not possible to make a thorough analysis of the potential association of this elevated risk with exposure to formaldehyde. The study was therefore continued and extended for a further six years (1980-1986), in order to overcome the limitations. Despite these attempts, however, there were still 219 workers whose specific exposure could not be identified. Lung cancer risk in the whole cohort (27,202 person-years) was equal to that of the local population (observed = 24; expected = 23.9). Among those definitely exposed to formaldehyde, 6 lung cancer cases were observed and 8.7 were expected, while those with non-specified exposure exhibited an increase risk (observed = 9; SMR = 211); they were mainly short-term workers employed at the beginning of operations. The previously suggested increase in haematologic neoplasms was confirmed (observed = 7; SMR = 143); the risk was highest among formaldehyde-exposed workers (observed = 3; SMR = 173). Five deaths due to primary liver cancer were observed, while 2.0 would have been expected from the local population rates (SMR = 244); the increased risk was fairly evenly distributed across the exposure categories (exposed to formaldehyde, SMR = 244; non-exposed to formaldehyde, SMR = 227; non-specified exposure = 287); however, all cases were first exposed at the age of 45 years or older. A noteworthy finding was a 50% increase in mortality from respiratory diseases. The increase was mainly apparent among those with longest and earliest exposure, employed in operations classified as involving exposures other than formaldehyde (observed = 9; SMR = 224). Overall, the results of this extended study do not provide sufficient grounds for associating work in formaldehyde resin production in this plant with increased carcinogenic risk; however, limitations in the individual exposure classification and suggestions of an increased risk for certain tumours preclude considering the study as negative. The numerous airborne irritative agents present in the plant environment appeared to have increased the risk of respiratory disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Carcinogenic risk for resin producers exposed to formaldehyde: extension of follow-up]. 277 Jun 16

Wood workers have been previously reported to be at higher risk for the development of cancers of certain sites, including the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, lung, stomach, and lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues. Wood work involves exposure to a variety of potential carcinogens, including wood dust itself, chemicals applied to the wood, and other carcinogenic agents that are associated with wood work. We report a series of case-control studies based on the New Zealand Cancer Registry. These studies involved 19,904 male patients registered with cancer from 1980 to 1984 who were 20 years of age or older at the time of registration. For each cancer site studied, the registrants for all other sites (except lung cancer) formed the control group. The following four cancer sites were found to be associated with wood work: lip, nasopharynx, lung, and liver. There was little evidence of increased risks for other cancer sites. Among wood workers, sawmillers experienced the highest risks for lung cancer (odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 2.52) and liver cancer (odds ratio, 3.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 0.14). Carpenters showed increased risks for lip cancer (odds ratio, 2.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 4.14) and lung cancer (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.54). The increased risk of nasopharyngeal cancer was strongest for foresters and loggers (odds ratio, 6.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 28.41).
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PMID:A New Zealand Cancer Registry-based study of cancer in wood workers. 281 71

Proton therapy was developed as one of the most promising radiation therapy techniques and it has shown remarkable improvement of the local cure rate of cancer lesions and decrease of late injury. However, cooperation with chemotherapy is to be considered as a reasonable way to further improve the radical cure rate, because the indication of proton therapy is limited to a single primary lesion. Thereupon, combined chemotherapy before or after completion of the proton therapy of the primary lesion to control latent metastases of lung cancer, esophageal cancer, to control multicentric lesions of liver cancer, urinary bladder cancer, or to diminish the size of the lesions with too much volume, could well contribute to improved clinical results.
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PMID:[Cooperation of proton therapy and chemotherapy]. 283 99

Updated information is given on alpha-particle-induced cancer in persons internally exposed to 222Rn progeny, Thorotrast, long-lived 226Ra and 228Ra, and short-lived 224Ra. The lung cancer risk to persons breathing 222Rn progeny in the indoor air of offices, schools, and homes is of increasing concern. About half of the recent deaths among the German Thorotrast patients have been from liver cancer. Animal studies indicate that the liver cancer risk from Thorotrast is mainly from its radioactivity and that the risk coefficient for the Thorotrast patients can be used provisionally for other alpha emitters in the human liver. Six skeletal cancers have occurred in persons with average skeletal doses between 0.85 and 11.8 Gy from 226Ra and 228Ra. In the low-dose German 224Ra patients, two skeletal sarcomas have occurred at about 0.7 Gy compared to about six cases predicted by results from 224Ra patients at higher doses. The minimal appearance time for radiation-induced bone sarcomas in humans is about 4 y. Following brief irradiation, the vast majority of induced bone sarcomas are expressed by about 30 y. Recent evidence against the "practical threshold" hypothesis is given. With the downward revision of neutron doses to the atomic-bomb survivors, the follow-up of persons exposed to alpha particles may be the best opportunity to evaluate directly the effects of high LET radiation on humans.
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PMID:Alpha-particle-induced cancer in humans. 284 97

A monoclonal antibody, gamma-120, was raised against a highly purified gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) from human primary hepatoma. The antibody preferentially bound to the small subunit of gamma GT from human hepatoma and kidney as evidenced by immunoblot analysis. Weak binding to the normal liver enzyme could be detected by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With the use of this antibody, an ELISA was developed for the quantitation of immunoreactive gamma GT in human serum. Sera of 188 normal control subjects displayed a low level (9.4 micrograms/ml) of immunoreactive gamma GT. Highly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were detected in the sera of patients with primary hepatoma, metastatic liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and certain types of lung cancer. Slightly elevated levels of immunoreactive gamma GT were seen in the sera of patients with liver cirrhosis. The levels of gamma GT were within a normal range in the sera of patients with gastrointestinal cancers and patients with nonmalignant diseases such as hepatitis and gallstones. The antibody has been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of some of the neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody against gamma-glutamyltransferase from human primary hepatoma: its use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of sera of cancer patients. 286 89

A large-scale cohort study in Japan (1966-1982) of life styles and primary liver cancer in men (123 out of 1,709,273 person-years) revealed a close association with cigarette smoking comparable to that for lung cancer, the relative risk (r.r.) for those smoking 1-29 and 30 or more cigarettes daily being 3.09 (1.78-5.35), 6.83 (3.56-13.10) for liver cancer, and 4.45 (3.77-5.25), 6.80 (5.51-8.41) for lung cancer, respectively. For liver cirrhosis, daily cigarette smoking was of less importance compared to daily alcohol drinking, r.r. = 1.17 (1.00-1.36) and 1.82 (1.63-2.04). However, for liver cancer, the risk from daily cigarette smoking was much higher than from daily alcohol drinking, r.r. = 3.14 (1.82-5.42) and 1.89 (1.40-2.55). The risk of liver cancer among the liver cirrhosis cases was therefore calculated as 2.67 (1.49-4.79) for daily cigarette smokers and 1.00 (0.72-1.38) for daily alcohol drinkers. These results must be of special importance in interpreting the reason for the increasing, unique mortality trend of liver cancer in men in recent years in Japan.
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PMID:A large-scale cohort study on risk factors for primary liver cancer, with special reference to the role of cigarette smoking. 292 84


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