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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A good coverage by the Hong Kong Cancer Registry of cases of the common cancers diagnosed in Hong Kong during 1974-78 is indicated by an excess of cases over deaths registered, which is according to expectation from survival prospects. The trends during 1961-79 showed a rapid increase in mortality from lung cancer in both sexes, a moderate rise in liver cancer in males, and small increases in esophageal cancer in males and colon cancer in females. Cervical cancer was the only neoplasm that showed a decreasing trend, although this was small in proportion. Some epidemiological observations on cancer arising in the lung, liver, larynx, and nasopharynx are presented.
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PMID:Cancer in Hong Kong: some epidemiological observations. 716 94

A review of epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to vinyl chloride (VC) was conducted. Some of these studies comprised small cohorts and thus were insensitive in the evaluation of carcinogenic response for sites that do not demonstrate a high relative risk. Other larger studies used methodology and design that precluded an interpretation of the results. Such limitations were acknowledged by some authors. Use of restrictive disease rubrics also lead to the submerging of sites that would have demonstrated significant excesses. For example, some investigators analyzed data for liver cancer deaths with the board category of digestive system cancer deaths, while others combined data for CNS cancer deaths with the broad category of "other and unspecified cancer," and most studies analyzed information for lymphatic and hematopoietic system cancer deaths with all data combined. Only four of eight studies reviewed could demonstrate a significant excess of liver cancer among VC-exposed workers--a site confirmed in humans by 1974. In contrast, five of eight studies appear to demonstrate a significant excess of CNS cancer mortality. Workers exposed to VC also demonstrate a significant excess of mortality for lung cancer, while the data for lymphatic and hematopoietic system cancer are suggestive. Interpretation of cancer of the latter systems may have been clarified if investigators had not analyzed their data by broad disease classifications.
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PMID:Observations of the site-specific carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride to humans. 719 31

Data from the New York Cancer Registry show no evidence for higher cancer rates associated with residence near the Love Canal toxic waste burial site in comparison with the entire state outside of New York City. Rates of liver cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia, which were selected for special attention, were not consistently elevated. Among the other cancers studied, a higher rate was noted only for respiratory cancer, but it was not consistent across age groups and appeared to be related to a high rate for the entire city of Niagara Falls. There was no evidence that the lung cancer rate was associated with the toxic wastes buried at the dump site.
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PMID:Cancer incidence in the Love Canal area. 723 29

We conducted a prospective study to clarify mortality patterns among Japanese coal miners in a former coal mining area. Subjects included 1,796 coal miners and 4,022 non-coal-miners, who were identified by a mail survey between 1987 and 1989, and then followed up from the date of the survey to April 30th, 1994. We applied Cox's proportional hazards model to compare the mortalities between coal miners and non-coal-miners. Among the coal miners, significantly high risk ratios were observed in all causes of death (risk ratio = 1.4, p < 0.05) and all malignant neoplasms (risk ratio = 1.5, p < 0.05). Risk ratios for all causes of death and all malignant neoplasms also rose with the length of experience in coal mining. Analysis of the results for sites of cancer showed that coal miners had high risk ratios for stomach cancer (risk ratio = 1.6), liver cancer (risk ratio = 1.4) and lung cancer (risk ratio = 1.6), though these ratios were not statistically significant. When the risk ratio for lung cancer was analyzed according to the length of experience in coal mining, coal miners with at least 15 years' experience had a significantly high risk ratio (risk ratio = 2.4, p < 0.05), though coal miners with less than 15 years' experience had almost the same risk as non-coal-miners.
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PMID:A prospective study on mortality among Japanese coal miners. 749 23

A total of 4,081 patients with various malignant tumours were treated by electrochemical therapy (ECT) at 66 hospitals in China during the period 1987-1992. The clinical effectiveness of ECT was analysed in 2,516 patients who had complete hospital records. The most common malignant tumours treated with ECT was lung cancer (n = 593), skin cancer (n = 401), liver cancer (n = 388) and breast cancer (n = 228). Two thousand one hundred and twenty-four patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years. Survival rates were 84.3% for 1 year, 79.1% for 2 years, 63.5% for 3 years, 57.8% for 4 years, and 46.6% for 5 years. The 5-year survival for T1 and T2 stages was significantly better than for T3 and T4 stages (66.7% vs. 27.1%, p < 0.05). The short-term objective response (complete and partial response) was 78.1%. ECT is indicated in patients who are unsuitable for operation and radio- or chemotherapy due to old age, and who suffer from general weakness, or insufficiency of vital organs.
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PMID:Advances in the treatment of malignant tumours by electrochemical therapy (ECT). 753 Oct 17

Results from three cancer registries (Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, and Songkhla) in different regions of Thailand and from a cancer survey in the population of Bangkok during the years 1988-1991 are presented, together with an estimate of the incidence of cancer for the country as a whole. Overall, liver cancer is the most frequent malignancy, but there are large regional differences in incidence and in histological type, with very high rates of cholangiocarcinoma in the northeast (associated with endemic opisthorchiasis) but a more even distribution of hepatocellular carcinoma. Lung cancer is second in frequency, with the highest rates in northern Thailand, where the incidence in women (Age Standardized Rate, 37.4 per 100,000) is among the highest in the world. A link with tobacco smoking is suggested by similarly raised rates, especially in women, for cancers of the larynx and pancreas. Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with relatively little regional variation in risk, while the incidence of breast cancer is low. Other cancer sites showing moderately increased rates include the lip and oral cavity, particularly in females from the north and northeast, where the chewing of betel nut remains common among older generations, nasopharyngeal cancer, carcinoma of the esophagus in the southern region, and penile cancer, especially in the north and northeast. Previous studies which have investigated the etiological factors underlying these patterns are reviewed, and the implications for future research and for national cancer control policies are discussed.
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PMID:Cancer incidence in Thailand, 1988-1991. 754 2

Risk of cancer mortality from 1973 to 1985 in persons born in the Indian subcontinent who migrated to England and Wales was analysed by ethnicity, and compared with cancer mortality in the England and Wales native population, using data from England and Wales death certificates. There were substantial highly significant raised risks in Indian ethnic migrants for cancers of the mouth and pharynx, gall bladder, and liver in each sex, larynx and thyroid in males, and oesophagus in females. There were also substantial raised risks in these migrants of each sex for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and myeloma. For the mouth and pharynx, and liver in each sex, and gall bladder in females, there were also raised risks of lesser magnitude in British ethnic migrants. For colon and rectal cancer and cutaneous melanoma in each sex, ovarian cancer in women and bladder cancer in men, there were appreciable significantly reduced risks in the Indian ethnic migrants not shared by those of British ethnicity. Appreciable raised risks in British ethnic migrants not shared by those of Indian ethnicity occurred for nasopharyngeal cancer in males, soft tissue malignancy in both sexes and non-melanoma skin cancer in males. In migrants of both ethnicities there were appreciable significantly raised risks in each sex for leukaemia and decreased risks in each sex for gastric cancer, for lung cancer except in females of British ethnicity and in males for testicular cancer. The results suggest the need for public health measures to combat the high risks of oral and pharyngeal cancers and liver cancer in the Indian ethnic immigrant population of England and Wales, by prevention of betel quid chewing and hepatitis transmission respectively. The data also imply that early exposures or early acquired behaviours in India, or exposures during migration, may increase the risk of leukaemia and reduce the risks of gastric and testicular cancers in the migrants irrespective of their ethnicity. Aetiological studies would be worthwhile to investigate the reasons for the sizeable decreased risk of colon and rectal cancer and increased risk of gall bladder cancer in each sex and the increased risk of thyroid and laryngeal cancer in males and oesophageal cancer in females of Indian ethnicity but not of British ethnicity who have migrated from the Indian subcontinent.
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PMID:Cancer mortality in Indian and British ethnic immigrants from the Indian subcontinent to England and Wales. 757 89

This study presents the risk of various cancers in relation to ginseng intake based on the data from a case-control study conducted in the Korea Cancer Center Hospital. Ginseng intakers had a decreased risk [odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.44-0.58] for cancer compared with nonintakers. On the type of ginseng, the odds ratios for cancer were 0.37 (95% CI = 0.29-0.46) for fresh ginseng extract intakers, 0.57 (95% CI = 0.48-0.68) for white ginseng extract intakers, 0.30 (95% CI = 0.22-0.41) for white ginseng powder intakers, and 0.20 (95% CI = 0.08-0.50) for red ginseng intakers. Intakers of fresh ginseng slice, fresh ginseng juice, and white ginseng tea, however, showed no decreasing risk. There was a decrease in risk with the rising frequency and duration of ginseng intake, showing a dose-response relationship. On the site of cancer, the odds ratios were 0.47 for cancer of the lip, oral cavity, and pharynx; 0.20 for esophageal cancer; 0.36 for stomach cancer; 0.42 for colorectal cancer; 0.48 for liver cancer; 0.22 for pancreatic cancer; 0.18 for laryngeal cancer; 0.55 for lung cancer; and 0.15 for ovarian cancer. In cancers of the female breast, uterine cervix, urinary bladder, and thyroid gland, however, there was no association with ginseng intake. In cancers of the lung, lip, oral cavity and pharynx, and liver, smokers with ginseng intake showed decreased odds ratios compared with smokers without ginseng intake. These findings support the view that ginseng intakers had a decreased risk for most cancers compared with nonintakers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preventive effect of ginseng intake against various human cancers: a case-control study on 1987 pairs. 765 37

Using French mortality data for the period 1979 to 1985, risks of death for cancer in Swiss migrants were calculated relative to these in the locally born. In the absence of valid population data for Swiss migrants, risks were estimated using a case-control approach, considering as cases cancer deaths at one specific site, and as controls all other deaths. In order to evaluate the change in risks after migration, death risks in Switzerland, compared to French natives, were calculated using a Poisson regression. For most of the cancer deaths, the risk in Swiss migrants is intermediate between that of their country of origin and that of the host country. Compared with French-born, Swiss migrants maintain however a significantly higher risk for lung cancer, urinary bladder cancer and melanoma in males, for breast cancer in females, and for non-Hodgkin lymphomas in both sexes. In contrast, the risk is significantly lower for liver cancer in male Swiss migrants. The observed differences are interpreted in the light of the available consumption data in both countries.
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PMID:[Cancer mortality among Swiss migrants in France]. 789 14

Three hundred ninety patients who underwent thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG) were followed up to investigate the development of associated malignancies. There were 102 patients with thymoma and 288 without thymoma. Malignant neoplasms were detected in ten patients, four of whom already had the tumor at the time MG was diagnosed. Thus, malignancy developed after thymectomy in six patients. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) developed in three patients, as well as gastric cancer, gastric leiomyosarcoma, rectal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and thymic carcinoid in one patient each. Nine of the ten malignancies developed in the thymoma group, and only one in the non-thymoma group. The predicted number of patients with malignancy was 2.63 in the thymoma group and 2.65 in the non-thymoma group. Our findings suggest that the presence of thymoma facilitates the occurrence of extrathymic malignancy, and that thymectomy never enhances the occurrence of malignancy but possibly inhibits it.
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PMID:Thymectomy and malignancy. 804 87


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