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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A survey is presented of 293 cases of lung cancer operated on by one surgeon over a period of 35 years. Lobectomy was done in 86 cases with a mortality of 3.5 per cent. Simple pneumonectomy was done in 89 cases with a mortality of 20 per cent, and radical pneumonectomy in 118 cases with a mortality of 15-25 per cent. The survival rate after 5 or more years for lobectomy was 41 per cent (34 patients). After simple pneumonectomy 21 patients (30 per cent) lived 5 years or more, and after radical pneumonectomy 39 patients (39 per cent) lived 5 years or more. The survival of the patients in whom the excised lymph nodes were involved by growth is presented. It is pointed out that at least 1 in 3 patients with cancer of the lung treated by operation was alive 5 years later. The very good long term results are presented including the 10-year and 20-year survival rate. Two patients are still alive after 30 and 34 years respectively. One patient is alive 29 years after a lobectomy and 13 years after a contralateral lobectomy for a new primary cancer. A second new cancer occurred in 9 patients. Continuance of smoking is shown to be harmful. The factors affecting the long term freedom from recurrence are discussed. The cell type of the cancer is shown to be important. Squamous-celled growths have the best results and oat-celled and small-celled the worst, although long term survival can follow operation for both these. The occurrence of a pleural infection after operation may be favourable to long term freedom from recurrence and this way probably so in 2 patients who lived 25 and 27 years respectively and 1 patient who is still alive after 34 years. On the whole the evidence is unconvincing that much benefit may follow radiotherapy combined with operation.
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PMID:Long survival after operation for cancer of the lung. 16 8

The incidence of paramalignant disorders was studied in 280 consecutive patients with early lung cancer confirmed histologically. The commonest disorders were weight loss exceeding 6.4 kg (30.7 percent of the series), finger clubbing (29 percent), fever (21.1 percent), and endocrinopathies (12.1 percent). Paramalignant diseases are common even in early lung cancer and all patients should have investigations for their detection.
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PMID:Incidence of paramalignant disorders in bronchogenic carcinoma. 16 4

Methodichlorophen was given to 26 patients with terminal malignant disease. Eight patients received adequate doses, and five of them showed objective evidence of tumour regression while three failed to respond. Those who responded included four out of five patients with lung cancer (three with squamous-cell carcinoma and one with oat-cell carcinoma) and a patient with hypernephroma. Two patients with testicular teratomas and one with acute myeloid leukemia failed to respond. The drug may be given safely by mouth to outpatients if certain precautions are taken.
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PMID:Methodichlorophen as anti-tumor drug. 16 54

We discuss here some of the last decade's diagnostic and therapeutic advances in the treatment of lung cancer, as well as current and future research objectives. Roentgenographs from selected patients illustrate the natural history of lung cancer. We present perspectives concerning selection from the growing diagnostic armamentarium, with comments upon early detection and localization of "occult" cancers with the help of flexible bronchoscopy. Operative approaches have changed over the past 4 decades; we review how and why they evolved, including perspectives concerning mediastinoscopy. There is a presentation on a radiotherapeutic research approach to oat-cell cancers and the current status of immunotherapy. Such issues as animal models available for lung cancer research emerge in the general discussion, and it becomes clear that lung cancer merits a truly interdisciplinary approach in order to bring meaningful advances to the patient's bedside.
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PMID:Current and future concepts of lung cancer. 16 30

The relationship between tumor "seed" and tissue "soil" in blood-borne metastasis is poorly understood. Therefore, an explanatory human model is proposed. It is based on the hypothesis that the spread of lung cancer cells to the adrenal vein provides in man not only a variable attribute, lung cancer seed, but also a constant attribute, adrenal venous soil, as in a scientific experiment. Out of 100 cases of lung cancer, four histologic types proved their invasive potentiality in 45 subjects by colonizing the adrenal parenchyma proper and yet differed appreciably in their ability to grow in the adrenal venous blood. Hence, in all probability, the systematic study of venous blood will help in the discovery of the potentialities and limitations of human blood in tumor metastasis.
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PMID:Human model for studying seed-soil factors in blood-borne metastasis. 16 99

Six hundred patients underwent diagnostic flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB). The two diseases most frequently encountered were bronchogenic carcinoma in 330 patients (55 percent) and bacterial infection in 94 (16 percent). A positive cytology on biopsy material was obtained in 279 of 330 patients (85 percent) with primary lung cancer. Fluoroscopy was a valuable aid in diagnosing bronchogenic carcinoma, since 42 percent of the tumors were not visible endoscopically and required fluoroscopic control for placement of the biopsy instrument. Of the 55 patients with hemoptysis and negative chest x-ray films, nine (15 percent) had fiberoptically visible endobronchial carcinomas! In addition, two patients with carcinoma of the larynx and one with carcinoma of the nasopharynx were discovered. Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) in 68 patinets with diffuse and localized disease achieved an overall 69 percent diagnostic success, including a correct diagnosis in each of four patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Brush biopsy provided additional valuable laboratory data in bacterial, mycobacterial and cytomegalovirsu infectious but had a poor yield in Pneumocystis infection. Complications as a result of forceps biopsy were minimal, except for brisk bleeding in six patients.
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PMID:Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy: Techniques and results of biopsy in 600 patients. 16 36

Phosphodiesterase I (EC 3.1.4.1) activity was detected in normal human blood serum. The enzyme is stable at laboratory temperature for three days, but is inactivated at pH less than 7. The pH for optimum activity increases with the substrate concentration (under the conditions used, from pH 9.0 to 10.2) and, conversely, the Km increases with pH and buffer concentration. The enzyme is inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetate but not by phosphate (0.1 mol/liter). We developed a simple quantitative method for its determination, based on hydrolysis of the p-nitrophenyl ester of thymidine 5'-monophosphate and subsequent measurement of the liberated p-nitrophenol at 400 nm in NaOH (0.1 mol/liter). Normal values (mean +/- 2 SD) were determined to be 33 +/- 6.4 U/liter. Preliminary studies indicate that phosphodiesterase I activity is greater than normal in serum of patients with necrotic changes in the liver or kidney or in cases of breast cancer, but not in that of patients with myocardial infarction, bone cancer, lung cancer, or chronic liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Determination of phosphodiesterase I activity in human blood serum. 16 91

The level of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was elevated in 15 of 17 patients with active sarcoidosis. Serum ACE was studied to determine the effect of chronic lung disease upon the blood level of an enzyme believed to originate from the lungs. The assay was performed in approximately 200 control subjects and 200 patients with chronic lung disease using hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine as substrate. Enzyme activity greater in male control subjects than in female subjects of comparable age and greater in children than in adults. Serum ACE was significantly reduced in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, lung cancer, tuberculosis and cystic fibrosis, as compared to control subjects, and was even lower in those receiving corticosteroids. Of greatest interest, however, was that levels in patients with active sarcoidosis not receiving steroids were greater than 2 standard deviations above the mean for the adult control subjects (greater than 11.6 units) whereas levels in patients with sarcoidosis receiving steroids and in those with resolved disease were normal. A survey of subjects with other granulomatous diseases failed to reveal any other condition that was significantly associated with a similar elevation of serum ACE levels. Elevation of ACE levels in sarcoidosis appears to be associated with the active disease process and does not appear to be a familial inherited enzyme abnormality. An assay of serum ACE is a useful tool for regulating therapy in sarcoidosis and for confirming the diagnosis, since it readily distinguishes these patients from others with tuberculosis, lung cancer or lymphoma.
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PMID:Elevation of serum angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) level in sarcoidosis. 16 92

The cultured cell lines Yoshida ascites sarcoma, L-1210 mouse leukemia, OAT cell line derived from human lung cancer of the oat cell type, and P3HR-1 cell line derived from Burkitt's lymphoma have been used for the cell-killing kinetics study of anticancer agents and evaluation of the sensitivity of cells using the soft agar cloning assay method. It has been found that there are 2 types of actions: 1) Type I (cytocidal and concentration-dependent action). The dose survival curves of Type I agents fit the equation log S=log nminuskD (S, surviving fraction; D, concentration of agents; n and k are constant). The sensitivity of cells can be expressed by mean lethal dose 90% (MLD90=1/k). Four cell lines were compared on this basis, and some problems concerning the chemotherapy of human cancer are discussed. Alkylating agents and anticancer antibiotics belonged to this group.2) Type II (cytostatic and time-dependent action). The dose survival curves fit the Gompertz equation S=exp[(minusbeta/alpha)(1minus e-aD)] (beta, population reduction parameter; alpha, constant). The exposure survival curve is negative exponential, indicating that exposure time rather than concentration is the key fo effective cell killing of Type II agents. Difficulties in expression of sensitivity to Type II agents are discussed. Antimetabolites, Vinca alkaloids, and L-asparaginase belonged to this group. The cell-killing kinetics of anticancer agents and comparison of the sensitivity of cells may provide some indications not only of optimal dosage schedules but also of a new approach in screening systems for truly effective agents for human cancer.
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PMID:Cytocidal action of anticancer antigens: evaluation of the sensitivity of cultured animal and human cancer cells. 16 35

Between May, 1963 and December, 1966, 17 medical centers cooperated in two separate but integrated therapeutic trials of primary lung cancer. One study was of patients with lesions considered operable at the time of diagnosis, and the other of patients with initially inoperable cancer but who were considered potentially operable after radiotherapy. Patients operable at the time of diagnosis were randomly assigned to receive either immediate surgery (278 patients) or preoperative radiotherapy followed by surgery (290 patients). All but one were followed until death or 5 years survival. Survival to each anniversary after randomization was almost identical for the two groups. At 5 years the survival rate was 14% after preoperative radiotherapy and 16% after immediate surgery. On the basis of the small standard error of the difference between these survival rates, a large advantage or a large disadvantage for preoperative radiotherapy is unlikely. Recurrence of cancer either locally or as distant metastasis was also similar in the two groups. Postoperative mortality was estimated to be 11% in the immediate surgery group, but cannot be estimated in a comparable fashion for the irradiated group. Certain postoperative complications were more frequent in the irradiated group, but survival during the first was not affected. Out of 425 patients initially considered to be inoperable, 152 were considered resectable after radiotherapy. These patients were randomly assigned to have either a thoracotomy and resection of their cancer if possible (78 patients) or no surgery (74 patients). Survival to each anniversary after randomization was very similar. After 5 years the survival rate was 8% for the group assigned to surgery and 6% for the group assigned to no surgery. The difference has a standard error of 4%.
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PMID:Preoperative irradiation of cancer of the lung: final report of a therapeutic trial. A collaborative study. 17 Oct 57


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