Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bleomycin sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine sulfate combination chemotherapy was given to 29 patients with small-cell undifferentiated lung cancer. Only four of these patients had limited disease, and in these patients there was 100% complete remission; two of these four patients remain in complete remission at more than 52 and 60 weeks. Of the 25 patients with generalized disease, 18 (72%) had neoplasm regression (greater than 50%), including two with complete remission (8%). The median duration of remission was 25 weeks. The median survival time from diagnosis was 39 weeks and that from initiation of therapy, 35 weeks. The drug regimen was well tolerated, and although substantial leukopenia was produced, there were only three patients in whom granulocytopenic infections developed. There was only one drug-related death.
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PMID:Improved chemotherapy for small-cell undifferentiated lung cancer. 5 4

Forty-eight patients with advanced squamous-cell lung cancer were treated with radical radiotherapy. Thereafter twenty-five received B.C.G. regularly and twenty-three did not. Differences in survival during the first year of observation and absence of peripheral metastases were significantly in favour of the patients treated with B.C.G. There was no response to B.C.G. in patients receiving palliative radiotherapy or cyclophosphamide nor in those with undifferentiated carcinoma.
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PMID:A 5-year controlled study of B.C.G. and radiotherapy inoperable lung cancer. 5 47

The results of utilization of different variants of the complex therapy in 416 patients with inoperable lung cancer are reported. 5-fluoruracil, cyclophosphan, methotrexate, chrysomallin were employed as antitumor drugs. Radiotherapy was carried out on a distance gamma machine. The best immediate and early results were gained in patients treated by distance gammatherapy against the background of cyclophosphan injections. The results proved to be most favourable within the terms of 3 years and longer in case of gammatherapy associated with 5-fluoruracil. Application of a fractionated radiation course rendered no positive effect on the results of treatment.
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PMID:[Chemoradiation therapy of inoperable lung cancer]. 5 84

Several radiopharmaceuticals have recently been shown to have a considerable affinity for malignant tissue. All the tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticals in current use are nonspecific and may also be picked up by benign tumors and infectious processes, including abscess and granuloma. The sensitivity of the tumor-imaging procedure depends on the radiopharmaceutical employed, the type of tumor, its size and location, and previous or current treatment. Gallium-67 citrate (67Ga), the most widely used tumor-seeking radiopharmaceutical, seems to have its greatest value in detecting bronchogenic carcinomas irrespective of cell type. The sensitivity for lung cancer in 489 studies was 93 per cent. Gallium-67 is also of great value in the staging of Hodgkin's disease, in which its sensitivity is 87 per cent. Non-Hdgkin's lymphomas are detected with only slightly lower sensitivity. There is, in fact, evidence that 67Ga is at least complemenatry, if not more sensitive than lymphangiography, in the staging of lymphoma. However, adenocarcinomas originating in the gastrointestinal tract are detected by 67Ga with a sensitivity of only about 40 per cent, whereas various chelates of bleomycin (including 111In-Bleo, 99mTc-Bleo and 57Co-Bleo) detect adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract with considerably higher sensitivity. In the few studies available comparing bleomycin chelates, 57Co-Bleo and 99mTc-Bleo appear to be more sensitive in detecting tumor than 111In-Bleo. Other tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticasl which have been employed with somewhat less success include selenium compounds, labeled pyrimidines, several inorganic cations, lanthanide chelates and labeled proteins. Yet to be evaulated clinically is the efficacy of radiolabeled antibodies which are specific for tumor antigens, such as 131I-anti-CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen).
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PMID:Cancer diagnosis. The role of tumor-imaging radiopharmaceuticals. 5 31

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique was used to quantitate antigen-antibody reactions between various human cell lines and lung cancer patients' sera. Four human fetal lung cell lines and four human tumor cell lines were more or less reactive as antigens. Failure to obtain exact correspondence between reactions with these cell lines indicates that more than one antigen may be required for detecting specific antibodies to the various lung tumor types. These results suggest that serum antibody detection might be a feasible approach to the immunodiagnosis of lung cancer at stages when the tumor masses are relatively small.
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PMID:An approach to the serodiagnosis of human lung cancer. Cell culture lines reactive as antigens with tumor patients' sera. 5 25

Twenty-three of 36 (64%) lung cancer patients, 19 of 36 (54%) melanoma patients and 18 of 27 (66%) sarcoma patients tested in the leukocyte migration in agarose assay against soluble extracts of histologically similar tumors showed significant inhibition of leukocyte migration. Reactivity to extracts of dissimilar tumors was low. Sera of only 1/13 (7%) lung cancer patients, 2/19 (10%) melanoma patients and 7/21 (33%) sarcoma patients were inhibited by extracts of histologically dissimilar tumors. Only 7-9% of cancer patients reacted to paired extracts of normal tissue from the tumor donors. An average of 13% of sera from normal controls reacted to tumor extracts. Stage of disease and mode of therapy appeared to have little effect on overall reactivity in this assay, although the number of patients within the various categories was small for purposes of statistical analysis. The leukocyte migration in agarose assay shows a sensitivity and specificity to tumor-associated antigens comparable to that of the older capillary tube method in general use and may facilitate performance of migration inhibition. This assay may not be useful as a prognostic test due to the lack ofcorrelation with stage of disease and treatment modality. However, its high specificity and economical use of tumor antigen suggest applications in tumor antigen purification. The use of soluble tumor antigen preparations may make it possible to purify these antigens further to increase specificity and reactivity.
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PMID:Detection of human tumor-associated antigens by the leukocyte migration in agarose assay. 6 Feb 86

The in vivo observation that bleomycin may be used as a synchronizing agent provides the basis for testing 4 days of continuous bleomycin infusion followed by 5 days of intensive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. Thirty-eight patients with extensive non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma (adenocarcinoma[17 patients], squamous cell carcinoma[14 patients], and poorly differentiated carcinoma [seven patients]) were registered for chemotherapy. There were 11 patients with 50% regression of all measurable lesions and four with improved but poorly measurable radiographic lesions, providing a crude response rate of 39% (15 of 38 patients). An overall survival median of 19 weeks compares favorably with Veterans' Administration Lung Cancer Study Group control data, but was not substantially better than our own historical controls (P = 0.15). The median survival for responders was 36 weeks compared to 16 weeks for historical controls (P = 0.001) and 12 weeks for nonresponders (P less than 0.001).
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PMID:Bleomycin (NSC-125066) followed by cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271), vincristine (NSC-67574), methotrexate (NSC-740), and 5-fllorouracil (NSC-19893) for non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma. 6 31

One of the most widely studied carcinogenic agents in the environment is the polycyclic hydrocarbon, benzo(a) pyrene. As a component of soot from the inefficient combustion of coal, its association with cancer can be traced back 200 years, but its possible relevance to lung cancer as a widely distributed air relevance to lung cancer as a widely distributed air pollutant has been investigated only during the past 25 years. Domestic coal fires have been shown to be important sources, and smaller amounts come from industrial sources and from motor vehicles. There is evidence now that the concentration of benzo (a) pyrene in large towns in Britain has decreased by a factor of about ten during the last few decades, as a result of changing heating methods and smoke control. In view of the overwhelming effect of cigarette smoking, it is difficult to determine whether the benzo(a)pyrene content of the air has had any importnat effect on the development of lung cancer, but careful analysis of trends in mortality may now throw some light on this. Among other materials with carcinogenic properties that may be dispersed into the general air, asbestos is the one that has been investigated most thoroughly. The association between exposure to asbestos and the development of lung cancer and mesothelioma of the pleura has been clearly demonstrated among people occupationally exposed to the dust, but as far as the general public is concerned, any risk may be limited to the immediate vicinity of major sources. These and other hazards demonstrated among occupational gropus serve as a warning however to maintain careful scutiny of urban air pollutants in relation to the acetiology of cancer.
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PMID:Coal fires, industrial emissions and motor vehicles as sources of environmental carcinogens. 6 45

Blood-carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels were studied in 343 healthy male cigarette smokers aged 35-64. The mean COHb level was 30% higher in the 248 men who smoked unventilated filter cigarettes than in the 41 men who smoked plain cigarettes, after adjusting for the number of cigarettes smoked (P less than 0.001). This result was consistent with the carbon-monoxide (CO) yields of these cigarettes: on average, the unventilated filter cigarettes had yields 25% higher than the plain ones. The mean COHb level was 7% higher in the 54 men who smoked ventilated cigarettes than in men who smoked plain cigarettes. Although this difference was not statistically significant, it was in the opposite direction to the result which might have been expected on the basis of the CO yields of these cigarettes: on average the ventilated filter cigarettes had yields 21% lower than the plain ones. The medical implications of these results are uncertain. COHb levels of 3-4% or more can exacerbate angina pectoris and intermittent claudication, and it is, therefore, of concern that COHb levels are higher in smokers of filter cigarettes than in smokers of plain cigarettes. However, any assessment of risk associated with either type of cigarette should take account of the observation from other studies that filter cigarettes are associated with a lower mortality from lung cancer than are plain cigarettes.
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PMID:Carboxyhaemoglobin levels in smokers of filter and plain cigarettes. 6 48

In untreated patients with inoperable lung cancer, serum levels of alpha1-antitrypsin were found significantly increased in comparison to patients with non malignant diseases of the lung, alpha2-macroglobulin levels were unchanged in both groups of patients. There was also no difference in alpha2-macroglobulins in cancer patients reacting with DNCB and in non-reactors. Thus alpha2-macroglobulin levels do not seem to correlate with the immunestatus of cancer patients. Proteinase inhibitors are involved in a variety of biological processes including blood, clotting, digestion, and sperm capacitation. alpha1-antitrypsin, a alpha-globulin with a molecular weight of about 60,000 has been found to be decreased in patients' serum under several pathological conditions. A clear correlation exists between alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and hereditary pulmonary emphysema (1, 2), respiratory distress syndrome (3), and juvenile cirrhoses of the liver (4). Elevated serum levels of alpha1-antitrypsin have also been found in some cancer cases. Thirty years ago a cancer test was developed on the basis of differences in the antiproteolytic activity in cancer patients' sera and in patients with other non-neoplastic diseases (5, 6). Several authors have tried to confirm these early data regarding specifity and sensitivity with respect to a screening test for cancer (7, 8). Methods of these authors were based mainly on enzyme substrate inhibition assays by addition of the patients' sera. Recently a commercially available test, based on immune-precipitation according to Mancini (9), has been developed (Behring-Werke, Partigen). By using this standardized method for determinating alpha1-antitrypsin, Harris et al. have recently demonstrated that patients with inoperable lung cancer have significantly elevated levels of this antiprotease in their sera (10), in comparison to patients with non malignant diseases of the lung. alpha2-macroglobulin is a serum protein with a molecular weight of 800,000 and with known antiprotease activity and can therefore bind trypsin, plasmin, elastase, and collagenase and it is known that alpha2-macroglobulin decreases with increasing of age. Changes of alpha-macroglobulin have also been observed in several pathological conditions (11). James et al. 4ave found decreases in serum of myeloma patients (12). An association between the development and function of lymphocytes and alpha2-macroglobulin has been suggested by several authors (13, 14). This alpha2-globulin has also been demonstrated on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes (15) and there is evidence that it is synthesized by lymphocytes (16). The purpose of the present study was to determine serum alpha1-antitrypsin levels in patients with inoperable lung cancer and to determine whether there is also an inverse correlation to alpha2-macroglobulin. It was further attempted to correlate alpha2-macroglobulin with general immunological parameters, as it is known that patients with lung cancer show a decreased general immune-reactivity (17).
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PMID:Serum levels of alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin in lung cancer. 6 86


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