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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and serum enzyme levels of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (psi-GTP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in 147 patients with malignancy. Levels were higher in patients (particularly with G.I., breast and lung cancers) than in normals or in patients with cancer in clinical remission. Elevations of CEA and of all three enzymes in blood were most frequent in patients with hepatic metastases. CEA elevations correlated directly with PHI levels. Seventy-eight percent of patients with metastatic G.I. cancer could be identified by CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) alone, as well as 38% with breast cancer and 85% with lung cancer; but only 17% of other cancers could be identified by CEA alone. CEA or one or more enzymes was elevated in 64% of metastatic breast cancer patients, 92% of lung cancer and 41% of other cancers, but enzyme measurement did not increase identification of G.I. cancer over that achieved by CEA alone. These findings suggest that circulating levels of CEA, PHI, psi-GTP and LDH may reflect a direct contribution from the malignant tissue and/or liver malfunction secondary to liver replacement.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen and phosphohexose isomerase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydorgenase levels in patients with and without liver metastases. 0 19

A method of assessing "buffering capacity" is described for comparison of the degree of acidity of alkalinity of the smoke of different tobaccos as presented to the oral and respiratory tracts of the smoker. Nicotine is more readily absorbed from an alkaline than from an acid smoke. The smoker of tobaccos giving a smoke of acid buffering capacity, in order to achieve full nicotine satisfaction, tends to smoke more and to inhale more, thus increasing lung cancer risks, than the smoker of tobaccos giving smoke of less acid or of alkaline buffering capacity.
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PMID:Buffering capacity of the smoke of different tobaccos in relation to lung cancer risks. 1 26

Forty-five specimens were obtained by sequential translaryngeal aspiration and fiberoptic bronchoscopy from 31 clinically unifected patients with lung cancer in order to evaluate the reliability of routine fiberoptic bronchoscopy for culture of the lower respiratory tract. Bacteria were recovered brom 98 percent (44) of the specimens obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy and from 58 percent (26) of the specimens obtained by the preceding translaryngeal aspiration. The microorganisms grown from cultures of specimens obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy consisted of mixtures of both nonpathogenic and potenitally pathogenic bacteria. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were present in 87 percent (39) of the specimens from fiberoptic bronchoscopy and 31 percent (14) of specimens from translayngeal aspiration. The results of cultures from the two procedures agreed completely in only a single instance. Culture of washings or secretions obtained by routine fiberoptic bronchoscopy is not recommended because it provides inaccurate and clinically confusing information about the presence or types of bacteria in the lower respiratory tract prior to instrumentation.
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PMID:Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and culture bacteria from the lower respiratory. 1 16

The unusually high relative frequency of cancer in the laryngeal region in males (18% of all histologically diagnosed cancers) and a sex ratio of unity for lung cancer in Northern Thailand were further explored in a hospital-based case-control study in Chiang Mai. This compared patients having cancers of the oral cavity (including oropharynx), larynx, hypopharynx and lung, with controls in relation to smoking and chewing habits. Statistical analysis indicated that chewing betel is strongly associated with the occurrence of oral cancer in both sexes, and with cancer of the laryngeal region in males. No factors were strongly linked to lung cancer in men, but, in women, urban residence and miang chewing were associated with lung cancer. Analysis of smoke from the two main types of cigars smoked in the region showed that both had high tar content, but there were marked differences in pH. Smoking cigars with alkaline smoke and high tar had an increased risk for laryngeal cancer in males, whereas other cigars with acid smoke and high tar together with manufactured cigarettes had increased risks for lung cancer. These increased risks were not, however, statistically significant.
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PMID:Cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx/larynx and lung in North Thailand: case-control study and analysis of cigar smoke. 1 28

Average mortality-rates from lung cancer for White males and females in the U.S.A. 1950-69 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN COUNTIES WITH COPPER, LEAD, OR ZINC SMELTING AND REFINING INDUSTRIES, BUT NOT IN COUNTIES WHERE OTHER NON-FERROUS ORES ARE PROCESSED. The excess mortality was not attributed to differences in geographic region, population density, urbanisation, socioeconomic status, or other manufacturing processes. The findings suggest the influence of community air pollution from industrial emissions containing inorganic arsenic.
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PMID:Arsenical air pollution and lung cancer. 4 42

From July 1969 to December 1972 a clinical trial was carried out to determine the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy individually or in combination on lung cancer. During the first three years of the study 53 of 234 patients underwent curative resection. III of the remaining patients were inoperable and were suitable for inclusion in the study. The patients were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) observation only, 2) chemotherapy (Hydroxyurea) only, 3) radiotherapy only, or 4) combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There were no differences in survival in any of the treated groups.
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PMID:Cancer of the lung and its response to non-surgical treatment. 4 84

One hundred eighty-nine patients received a four-drug combination consisting of cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine), methyl CCNU, and bleomycin (COMB), according to three different drug regimens, performed sequentially. Of the 189, 62 had a partial response (33%) including 11/33 with squamous lung cancer, 11/32 with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck, 13/15 with oat cell carcinoma of the lung, and 7/41 with malignant melanoma. The response rate for patients with squamous lung or head and neck cancer appeared to be higher at weekly bleomycin doses of 30 and 60 mg (15/33 = 45%), compared to a weekly bleomycin dose of 15 mg (7/32 = 25%). A median survival from treatment of 30 weeks was observed in oat cell carcinoma, which represents considerable prolongation over that expected from supportive care alone or single-agent chemotherapy. Toxicity included: 1) myelosuppression, resulting in hospitalization for antibiotics in 20% of patients; 2) probable bleomycin lung damage in 4% of patients; and 3) dose-limiting vincristine neuropathy in 11%. The combination of twice-weekly vincristine and bleomycin for more than 6 weeks produced a disturbing "debilitation syndrome," characterized by weakness, anorexia, weight loss, and apathy. The encouraging response rate suggests a future role for these drugs in combination, especially for vincristine and bleomycin, with other agents showing activity in squamous and oat cell carcinoma. Toxicity precludes recommendation of this combination, in the regimens tested, for broader Phase III studies.
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PMID:COMB (cyclophosphamide, oncovin, methyl-CCNU, and bleomycin): a four-drug combination in solid tumors. 5 Aug 70

Of the 231 laboratories carrying out sputum cytology in England and Wales, information on the staffing, laboratory procedures, workload, records, and results for the year 1971 was obtained from 228 (98.7%) by means of a questionnaire, which was completed in 1973 in 81% of the laboratories and at the end of 1972 in the remainder. At the time the questionnaire was completed, the number of laboratories per region offering a service ranged from 6 to 25. Most of the processing of specimens was done by technicians and non-medical screeners (technicians without recognized qualifications) and most of the microscopy by pathologists and technicians. Papanicolaou and/or haematoxylin and eosin stains were used in 97% of the laboratories. During 1971, the number of specimens tested per laboratory ranged from 9 to 6000. A median of 381 specimens and 165 patients were tested per laboratory. Almost all specimens were submitted by hospitals and chest clinics and only 1% by general practitioners. An estimated median of 6.5% of all cytological specimens were sputum, most of the remainder being cervical smears. Laboratories varied greatly in their positive (0%-24%) and doubtful positive (0%-27%) rates. An estimated 63 000 patients had their sputum tested in 1971, and about 6300 had positive reports, rather less than one-quarter of all patients diagnosed as having lung cancer in England and Wales in 1971. The cost of the service was estimated to be of the order of pound375 000 at 1974 prices; that is, pound2.50 per specimen or pound6.00 per patient tested. An improved service might best be provided by district general hospital laboratories testing at least 1000 specimens per year so that a high level of accuracy in reporting could be assurred. A large proportion of the microscopy might be done by non-medical graduates and technicians under the supervision of pathologists.
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PMID:Survey of the sputum cytology service in England and Wales. 5 90

Blood smears of patients suffering from bronchiogenic lung cancer were stained with Rivanol and observed by means of the fluorescence microscope. The results were compared with those obtained by FEULGEN's method. It was found that a single intravenous infusion of cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg did not change the picture of Rivanol-coloured nuclei which is not always true of the results obtained by FEULGEN's method.
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PMID:[Staining of blood smears with rivanol in patients suffering from bronchogenic neoplasms]. 5 78

Changes in the type and quantity of cigarettes smoked in the United Kingdom from 1956 to 1971 are compared with changes in the dealth-rates due to lung cancer and coronary heart-disease (C.H.D.) from 1956 to 1973. Associated with a change in filter cigarettes there has been a decrease in lung-cancer mortality among men aged less than sixty years despite little change in the number of cigarettes smoked. In contrast, lung-cancer mortality has increased in women along with their cigarette consumption. C.H.D. mortality has continued to increase in both sexes, but to a greater extent in women. These changes are consistent with the hypothesis that, in tobacco smoke, tar is the principal aetiological factor in lung cancer, whereas carbon monoxide or other gaseous constituents are involved in the development of C.H.D.
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PMID:Mortality from lung cancer and coronary heart-disease in relation to changes in smoking habits. 5 49


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