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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The respiratory system is commonly involved in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lung disorders are classified as primary (due to lupus) and secondary to other conditions. Pleuritis and pulmonary infections are the most prevalent respiratory manifestations of each type. Other infrequent manifestations include interstitial lung disease, acute lupus pneumonitis, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, pulmonary arterial hypertension, acute reversible hypoxaemia and shrinking lung syndrome. Even when current diagnostic tests contribute to an earlier diagnosis, the treatment of these manifestations is based on clinical experience and small series. Larger controlled trials of the different therapies in the treatment of those lung manifestations of lupus are needed. Overall malignancy is little increased in lupus, but lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are among the most frequent types of cancer found in these patients. As survival in lupus patients has improved over recent decades, avoiding pulmonary damage emerges as an important objective.
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PMID:Respiratory manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: old and new concepts. 1959 78

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and lung cancer are two of the most common respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the prognostic significance of the presence of ILD in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). All the patients with SCLC who were admitted to our hospitals over a 23-year period up to 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. During the study period, 332 SCLC patients were consecutively admitted to our hospitals. Among them, 15 (4.5%) were diagnosed as having both SCLC and ILD. In univariate and multivariate analysis, female sex, early stage, good performance status, and chemotherapy were favorable prognostic factors. The presence of ILD was confirmed as an unfavorable prognostic factor. Existing ILD adversely affects the outcome of SCLC. When deciding whether to offer a standard therapy that may increase treatment-related mortality, the patient's medical condition, including ILD, should be taken into consideration.
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PMID:Interstitial lung disease in patients with small cell lung cancer. 1965 49

There has been no literature which reports a case of interstitial lung disease associated with sorafenib. However, a recent post-marketing survey in Japan revealed that interstitial pneumonia occurred in 4 among approximately 2 000 Japanese patients treated with sorafenib. In this article, we describe a Japanese patient with severe interstitial pneumonia probably caused by sorafenib treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Oncologists supervising future clinical trials for lung cancer should be alert to the fact that sorafenib can potentially induce serious interstitial lung disease, although this might depend on racial differences.
Lung Cancer 2010 Feb
PMID:Interstitial pneumonia probably associated with sorafenib treatment: An alert of an adverse event. 1989 74

Erlotinib is a Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Type 1/tyrosine kinase (EGFR) inhibitor, which is used for non-small-cell lung cancer treatment. Erlotinib usually has a favorable safety profile however; adverse events such as interstitial lung disease (ILD) have been reported in pivotal studies. ILD usually occurs weeks to months after initiating therapy with Erlotinib. We report a case of Erlotinib induced ILD presenting within 5 days of initiating treatment with Erlotinib.
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PMID:New-onset acute interstitial lung disease after treatment with erlotinib in a patient with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. 2001 87

Pulmonary involvement is second in frequency only to esophageal involvement as a visceral complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and has surpassed renal involvement as the most common cause of death. Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary vascular disease, particularly pulmonary arterial hypertension, are the most commonly encountered types of lung involvement. Chronic aspiration, airway disease, neuromuscular weakness, extrinsic pulmonary restrictive pathology, pleural effusions, pneumothorax, and lung cancer cause clinically significant disease and occur commonly enough to be routinely considered in the assessment of the SSc patient with respiratory symptoms. Affected patients have a significantly worse prognosis than patients with SSc who are free of pulmonary involvement.
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PMID:Scleroderma lung disease. 2006 8

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) include more than 200 disease entities such as drug induced ILD, radiation pneumonitis, collagen vascular disease-associated interstitial pneumonia, and idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents the most common IIP, and is one of the most aggressive interstitial lung diseases. ILDs, especially in IPF, are associated with an independent increased risk of lung cancer. Repetitive stimulation, alveolar epithelial injury and dysregulated repair induced by IPF cause genetic errors, which in turn may predispose to the development of lung cancer. We previously established a mouse IgG1 mAb that recognizes a sialylated sugar chain on lung adenocarcinoma cells, designated KL-6. KL-6 is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein classified as Cluster 9 (MUC1) lung tumor and differentiation antigens. KL-6 has been reported to serve as a sensitive serum marker for interstitial pneumonia and is now clinically used to detect the presence of interstitial pneumonia in Japan; however, recent studies have suggested that it can also be used as a tumor marker as its origin shows. We also found that there is a natural auto-antibody against KL-6 at high levels in sera from healthy volunteers and at low levels in sera from patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The concentration strongly correlated with their good prognoses. Furthermore, we demonstrated that anti-KL-6 mAb induced capping of MUC1 of breast cancer cell lines, which proliferate in suspension culture without aggregation. Moreover, anti-KL-6 mAb enhanced the cytotoxic activity of lymphokine-activated killer cells. The pathogenesis of lung cancer in ILDs is unclear, but some genetic factors seem to be involved. Further studies are needed to clarify the causes and the mechanisms that link ILDs and lung cancer.
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PMID:[Interstitial lung disease and lung cancer]. 2008 26

Cytotoxic chemotherapy offers a modest benefit for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with response rates of 20-35% and median survival of 10-12 months. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), gefitinib and erlotinib are active against lung cancer. In retrospective studies, EGFR-TKI therapy among patients harboring EGFR mutations showed response rates higher than 65% and a median survival of 20-30 months. Gefitinib is well tolerated and less toxic compared to conventional cytotoxic drugs, but gefitinib-related interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been reported as a serious adverse effect. Although the mechanism remains unknown, multivariate analysis revealed male sex, history of smoking, and the coexistence of interstitial pneumonia or pre-existence of pulmonary fibrosis and poor performance status were all significant risk factors. Here, we reported a case of gefitinib pneumonitis with severe hypoxemia and impending respiratory failure who showed poor response to intermediate dose of systemic steroids but good recovery with high-dose pulse therapy.
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PMID:Successful treatment of gefitinib-induced acute interstitial pneumonitis with high-dose corticosteroid: a case report and literature review. 2008 91

The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib (ERL) is approved for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Numerous reports of ERL-associated toxicities are consistent with immune-mediated toxicity, including drug-induced hepatitis, interstitial lung disease, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Although the mechanism of toxicity has not been established, we present evidence that reactive intermediates are formed during the metabolism of ERL, which can covalently conjugate to the cysteine group of the peptide-mimetic GSH. Seven ERL-GSH conjugates were identified in incubations with hepatic microsomes. Cytochrome P450 (P450)-dependent adducts are proposed to be formed via reactive epoxide and electrophilic quinone-imine intermediates. In incubations of human liver microsomes, intestinal microsomes, pulmonary microsomes, and recombinant P450s, CYP3A4 was the primary enzyme responsible for the bioactivation of ERL; however, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A5, and CYP2D6 were capable of catalyzing the bioactivation as well. During the metabolism of ERL, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are irreversibly inactivated by ERL in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Inactivation was not dependent on oxidation of the ERL alkyne group to form a reactive oxirene or ketene, as shown by synthesizing analogs where the alkyne was replaced with a cyano group. CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2D6 were not inactivated despite catalyzing the formation of ERL-GSH adducts.
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PMID:Cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib to a reactive electrophile. 2038 53

Restrictive lung disease is characterized by a reduction in total lung capacity. Pulmonary conditions such as interstitial lung disease related to connective tissue disease, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), lung resection, and pulmonary fibrosis could cause restrictive disease. In addition, extrapulmonary disorders are caused by chest wall limitations, muscle dysfunction, or pleural disease. Preoperative medical history of associated diseases or symptoms prompts the anesthesiologist to the directed evalution. With regard to the restrictive lung disease, IIP is the most important disease for an anesthesiologist to know. IIP is known to be combined with primary lung cancer and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative acute exacerbation. Acute exacerbation of IIP is a serious postoperative complication and the consequence is extremely poor. Therefore, both surgeons and anesthesiologists must aim to prevent acute exacerbation of IIP Although it is difficult to predict the development of acute exacerbation of IIP, we should avoid or postpone the surgery in patients demonstrating an active phase of IIP. Besides, we should give enough explanation of the risk of postoperative acute exacerbation to the patient with IIP.
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PMID:[Preoperative assessment of the patient with restrictive lung disease]. 2066 80

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a fairly rare condition, caused by increased intrathoracic pressure, leading to free air in the mediastinal structures. Underlying lung conditions are associated with increased incidence of SPM, including asthma, interstitial lung disease, pneumonia, bullous lung, and radiation therapy for lung cancer. It is often preceded by Valsalva maneuvers, vomiting, coughing, asthma exacerbation, sneezing, childbirth, or intense physical activity. A case of SPM is presented in a 15-year-old male, who complained of throat pain and dyspnea while running sprints at football practice. Workup revealed SPM, and he was subsequently admitted and treated conservatively. His symptoms resolved in 2 days and he was discharged and suffered no further recurrences. In contrast to secondary pneumomediastinum, SPM is usually a benign condition although life-threatening conditions can rarely arise. Differentiating between these two conditions has important prognostic indications. There is a paucity of prospectively collected data regarding SPM, and considerable variation in recommendations concerning the extent of workup.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumomediastinum from running sprints. 2086 51


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