Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is rare in young adults, particularly in persons below the age of 30. Younger patients tend to present with advanced stages of carcinoma, and often have a rapidly deteriorating course. We describe a 25-year-old male who presented with diffuse interstitial lung disease which was found at autopsy to be lymphangitic carcinomatosis of probable pulmonary origin.
Lung Cancer 1996 Sep
PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the lung presenting as a diffuse interstitial process in a 25-year-old man. 888 91

We investigated whether intraalveolar inflammatory cells such as alveolar macrophages or lymphocytes produced the gene product of a type-C human endogenous retrovirus (HERV), HERV-E 4-1, which might initiate an immune response resulting in interstitial lung disease. We evaluated HERV-E 4-1 Env protein production by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells and PBL in 109 patients with sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), lung cancer, and rheumatoid lung disease as well as 26 normal control individuals. Production of HERV-E 4-1 Env protein by alveolar macrophages was observed using indirect immunofluorescence in 3 IPF patients and 3 sarcoidosis patients (6/135). No peripheral blood lymphocytes showed HERV-E 4-1 Env protein production. Antibodies to HERV-E 4-1 Env protein were detected in the BALF of all six patients by immunoblot analysis, while none of the normal control individuals showed HERV-E 4-1 Env protein antibody in the BALF. All examined BALF cells showed HERV-E 4-1 env mRNA transcript expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. No significant influence of point mutation or DNA polymorphism on HERV-E 4-1 Env protein production was recognized. In conclusion, local production of HERV-E 4-1 Env protein and defective tolerance of HERV gene products with resultant antibody production may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF or sarcoidosis in some patients.
 ...
PMID:Alveolar macrophages produce the Env protein of a human endogenous retrovirus, HERV-E 4-1, in a subgroup of interstitial lung diseases. 911 54

Helminthic infections are prevalent worldwide. The intestinal ascarid, Toxocara, the animal filarial parasite, Dirofilaria, and the human filarial parasite, Wuchereria or Brugia, produce an array of pulmonary disease in humans. Infections are common in temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions of the world. Pulmonary dirofilariasis is essentially an asymptomatic disease. Most cases are diagnosed accidentally after thoracotomy for a solitary pulmonary nodule presumed to be lung cancer. Clinical manifestations of toxocariasis or visceral larva migrans (VLM) are the result of allergic and inflammatory responses of the host, and manifest with airway reactivity, acute pneumonia, and persistent eosinophilia. VLM is a self-limited disease and specific treatment is rarely necessary. In acute cases, a short course of steroids reduces morbidity and mortality but preventive measures are more important in curbing toxocara infection. Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) is the result of immunologic hyperresponsiveness to the human filarial antigen and eosinophils play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Airway hyperreactivity, extreme eosinophilia, and pulmonary physiologic impairment are the characteristic features. Treatment of TPE with diethylcarbamazine results in dramatic amelioration of symptoms. However, low grade inflammation persists in a significant number of patients and can lead to chronic interstitial lung disease. Mass treatment of patients in certain endemic areas has been effective in eliminating TPE.
 ...
PMID:Dirofilaria, visceral larva migrans, and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. 919 79

Pulmonary disease induced by chemotherapeutic drug or radiation is one of the major cause, of death in patients with lung cancer. Many of these patients die from interstitial lung disease despite discontinuation of the drug and addition of corticosteroid treatment. The clinical presentation is similar for all of the chemotherapeutic drugs. For the early detection of interstitial lung disease due to a chemotherapeutic drug, serial measurements of the CO diffusing capacity (DLco), serum LDH, and serum KL-6 are useful. The first step in treatment is withdrawal of the drugs, and pulse therapy by using methylprednisolone is used as a standard therapy for interstitial lung disease due to chemotherapeutic agents. Immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclophosphamide or azathioprine, might be used as second-line drugs in patients for whom drugs either failed or could not tolerate corticosteroid treatment. Thus the usefulness of this therapy is unknown, and it should be considered as a marginal therapy. To develop an investigational therapy for the chemotherapeutic drug-induced interstitial lung disease, we investigated the efficacy of a new specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-5046.Na) in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The inhibitory effect of ONO-5046.Na was observed in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. This specific neutrophil elastase could be a investigational therapeutic agent for interstitial lung disease due to chemotherapeutic agents used against lung cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Strategy of therapy for interstitial lung disease due to chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation]. 936 19

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was utilized to study lung lobar dynamic ventilation in 11 patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP) and 10 non-smoking men. The IP patients included 7 with interstitial lung disease associated with collagen vascular disease, 3 with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and 1 with lung cancer who was excluded from statistical analysis. We calculated lung lobar volumes in each phase from each dynamic image and constructed time-volume curves(TVCs). Lung lobar volume rates(%), fluctuation rates(%), lobar fluctuation rate/total lung fluctuation rate (%), and time lag (sec.) for the IP patients and normal subjects were calculated and compared. In the former, the mean volume rate for the right upper lobe was larger (p < 0.01) than that in normal subjects. The mean volume rate for the left lower lobe in the IP patients was smaller(p < 0.01) than that in the normal subjects. In IP patients, peak TVC for the right middle lobe appeared later (p < 0.01) than that in normal subjects. Although the fluctuation rates and fluctuation rate/total lung fluctuation rate for the lower lobes tended to be higher than those for the upper and middle lobes in normal subjects, this tendency was not distinct in IP patients. The quantitative evaluation of pulmonary ventilation dynamics with MRI may be a useful noninvasive technique for the assessment of lung lobar ventilation in patients with IP.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of lung lobar ventilation dynamics with magnetic resonance imaging: a comparison of interstitial pneumonia patients with normal subjects]. 1092 Dec 81

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between descriptors of breathlessness and its underlying cause in patients with lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases to see whether descriptors might be used to help determine the cause of breathlessness, particularly in patients with lung cancer. We studied 131 patients with primary or secondary lung cancer, whose breathlessness was attributed to tumor mass, pleural effusion, lung collapse, metastases, pleural thickening or lymphangitis carcinomatosis, and 130 patients with breathlessness attributed to asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease or cardiac failure. Patients selected statements (descriptors) that described the quality of their breathlessness from a 15-item questionnaire and the relationship between the descriptors and the attributed cause of breathlessness was evaluated by cluster analysis. All patient groups were characterized by more than one cluster and several clusters were shared between groups. Specific sets of clusters were associated with breathlessness due to asthma, COPD and cardiac failure, and to cancer causing collapse, metastases or pleural thickening. The association of different sets of clusters with the different diagnostic groups suggests that patients are describing qualitatively different experiences of breathlessness, but the relationship does not appear to be sufficiently robust for the questionnaire to aid differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Descriptors of breathlessness in patients with cancer and other cardiorespiratory diseases. 1188 16

The differential diagnosis between infectious complications and tumor progression is sometimes difficult in patients given cytotoxic drugs. We report a case of diffuse interstitial lung disease induced by gemcitabine, a new agent used for the treatment of advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Interstitial lung disease in a patient given gemcitabine]. 1198 1

An eight-year-old female German wirehaired pointer was presented with signs of respiratory distress. Clinical examination, laboratory results, thoracic radiography and echocardiography indicated the presence of a diffuse interstitial lung disease with secondary appropriate erythrocytosis, pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. Transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy of the lung suggested malignant epithelial neoplasia. A primary lung cancer with an unusually diffuse distribution of miliary/micronodular lesions was found at postmortem examination. Histological diagnosis was bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma can occasionally occur in a diffuse fashion involving most or all of the lung parenchyma. In man, diffuse bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma is considered a great imitator of other, more common diffuse interstitial forms of lung disease. This case report indicates that it is also a differential diagnosis to consider in dogs.
 ...
PMID:Diffuse bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma in a dog. 1207 92

The sputum smear-negative patients have been a diagnostic challenge for health professionals. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity has been shown to rise in various body fluids of patients with tuberculosis (Tb). A prospective clinical trial was conducted to determine the diagnostic value of ADA activity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in sputum smear-negative subjects highly suggestive for pulmonary Tb. Nineteen (M/F: 15/4, mean age 46.8 +/- 16.5 years) sputum smear-negative patients highly suggestive for pulmonary Tb constituted Group I. Acid fast bacilli (AFB) grew on sputum and/or BAL culture of all subjects in this group. Twenty-nine patients (M/F: 19/10, mean age 55.7 +/- 8.0 years) with non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases constituted Group II. Ten of them had interstitial lung disease, nine lung cancer, five pneumonia and five COPD. Twelve subjects (M/F: 7/5, mean age 48.4 +/- 12.8 years) constituted the controls (Group III) undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) for various indications and the lungs were found to be normal eventually. Albumin and ADA activity levels were measured in plasma and BAL in all the subjects. LocalADA was calculated. PlasmaADA and BALADA of Group I was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that of the other groups. LocalADA was also the highest in Group I when compared with the others (P < 0.001) but that of Group II was also higher (P < 0.01) when compared with controls. With a cut-off value derived from the control subjects, sensitivity of BALADA was 100% and specificity 85.3%. Sputum PCR results are available in a couple of days whereas that of BALADA are available in a couple of hours and BALADA costs cheaper than PCR in our country. Therefore, we conclude that BALADA may be a useful, cheaper and faster diagnostic test in sputum smear-negative patients highly suggestive for pulmonary Tb. LocalADA need not be calculated as it is also significantly higher in Group II subjects and thus not as reliable as BALADA.
 ...
PMID:Adenosine deaminase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage in Turkish patients with smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis. 1219 40

The preoperative physiologic assessment of a patient being considered for surgical resection of lung cancer must consider the immediate perioperative risks from comorbid cardiopulmonary disease, the long-term risks of pulmonary disability, and the threat to survival due to inadequately treated lung cancer. As with any planned major operation, especially in a population predisposed to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by cigarette smoking, a cardiovascular evaluation is an important component in assessing perioperative risks. Measuring the FEV(1) and the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) measurements should be viewed as complementary physiologic tests for assessing risk related to pulmonary function. If there is evidence of interstitial lung disease on radiographic studies or undue dyspnea on exertion, even though the FEV(1) may be adequate, a DLCO should be obtained. In patients with abnormalities in FEV(1) or DLCO identified preoperatively, it is essential to estimate the likely postresection pulmonary reserve. The amount of lung function lost in lung cancer resection can be estimated by using either a perfusion scan or the number of segments removed. A predicted postoperative FEV(1) or DLCO < 40% indicates an increased risk for perioperative complications, including death, from lung cancer resection. Exercise testing should be performed in these patients to further define the perioperative risks prior to surgery. Formal cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a sophisticated physiologic testing technique that includes recording the exercise ECG, heart rate response to exercise, minute ventilation, and oxygen uptake per minute, and allows calculation of maximal oxygen consumption (.VO(2)max). Risk for perioperative complications can generally be stratified by .VO(2)max. Patients with preoperative .VO(2)max > 20 mL/kg/min are not at increased risk of complications or death; .VO(2)max< 15 mL/kg/min indicates an increased risk of perioperative complications; and patients with .VO(2)max < 10 mL/kg/min have a very high risk for postoperative complications. Alternative types of exercise testing include stair climbing, the shuttle walk, and the 6-min walk. Although often not performed in a standardized manner, stair climbing can predict .VO(2)max. In general terms, patients who can climb five flights of stairs have O(2)max > 20 mL/kg/min. Conversely, patients who cannot climb one flight of stairs have .VO(2)max < 10 mL/kg/min. Data on the shuttle walk and 6-min walk are limited, but patients who cannot complete 25 shuttles on two occasions will have .VO(2)max < 10 mL/kg/min. Desaturation during an exercise test has been associated with an increased risk for perioperative complications. Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for patients with severe emphysema is a controversial procedure. Some reports document substantial improvements in lung function, exercise capability, and quality of life in highly selected patients with emphysema following LVRS. Case series of patients referred for LVRS indicate that perhaps 3 to 6% of these patients may have coexisting lung cancer. Anecdotal experience from these case series suggest that patients with extremely poor lung function can tolerate combined LVRS and resection of the lung cancer with an acceptable mortality rate and good postoperative outcomes. Combining LVRS and lung cancer resection should probably be limited to those patients with heterogeneous emphysema, particularly emphysema limited to the lobe containing the tumor.
 ...
PMID:The physiologic evaluation of patients with lung cancer being considered for resectional surgery. 1252 70


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>