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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical observations and autopsy findings indicate that radical surgery for lung cancer is followed in most cases by tumor progression. The first signs of the progression would more frequently develop during two years postoperatively, and these were due to metastases in distal organs (49.6%) and lymph nodes (35.2%), more rarely due to the recurrence (11.2%) or implantation metastases (4.0%). According to atuopsy findings in patients, died in late terms after radical surgery, the signs of lung cancer progression were revealed in 87.9% of cases. Among these surgical therapy rendered no effect on the frequency and localization of metastases as compared with untreated patients.
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PMID:[Results of the surgical treatment of lung cancer]. 48 75

The efficacy of combined high-dose etoposide with standard dose cisplatin was evaluated in patients who had refractory lung cancer after standard chemotherapy. Each patient was given etoposide at 500 mg/m2/day on day 1 to 3 continuously (total dose 1,500 mg/m2) and cisplatin at 80 mg/m2 on day 1. Fifteen patients (7 adenocarcinoma, 5 small cell lung cancer, 2 squamous cell lung cancer and 1 sarcoma, which latter was difficult to distinguish from giant cell carcinoma) were entered in this study. The overall response was 41.7% (5 of 12); five partial response, 6 no change, and 1 progressive disease. Three treatment-related deaths were observed; one resulted from sepsis and two from respiratory failure because of tumor progression. All of the patients developed severe myelosuppression; the mean nadir white blood cell count was 400, and the mean nadir platelet count was 24,000 in 28 evaluable courses. The range of maximum concentration of etoposide determined by HPLC was from 17.4 to 39.1 micrograms/ml. These results suggest that high-dose etoposide combined with a standard dose of cisplatin is effective against refractory lung cancer.
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PMID:[Pilot phase II trial of high-dose etoposide combined with cisplatin in the treatment of refractory lung cancer]. 131 97

The outcome of thirty-seven patients with a post-resection locoregional recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer treated with radiation therapy alone between 1979 and 1989 was compared to that of 759 patients with unresected non-small cell lung cancer also treated with standard radiation during the same period. Each patient's locoregional recurrence was staged using the current American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. Comparison of pretreatment characteristics between the two groups, including age, sex, extent of weight loss, performance status, stage, and histologic subtype revealed fewer patients with greater than 5% weight loss (35 vs. 47%, p = 0.04) and more cases with squamous histology (54 vs. 28%, p = 0.01) among the patients with locoregional recurrences than those with newly diagnosed lesions. Over 80% of both groups had clinical stage III lesions. The median radiation doses were 56 and 59 Gy for recurrent and newly diagnosed cases (p = NS). For the patients with locoregional recurrences, the median time from resection to recurrence was 13 months (range: 3-118 months), and the recurrences were predominantly nodal in 25 cases, chest wall/pleural in four and at the bronchial stump in eight. When measured from the date of documented recurrence, the median survival time and 2-year actuarial survival rate of the patients with recurrent lesions were 12 months and 22%, as compared to 12 months and 26% for the newly diagnosed patients (p = NS). Freedom from documented locoregional tumor progression at 2 years was 30% for both groups. Patients with bronchial stump lesions had superior survival to those with nodal or chest wall recurrences, with a median survival time of 36 versus 9 months. A therapeutic approach to selected patients with post-resection locoregional recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer equally aggressive to that for newly diagnosed lung cancer patients is justified by these results, especially for patients with bronchial stump recurrences.
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PMID:Should patients with post-resection locoregional recurrence of lung cancer receive aggressive therapy? 132 98

We conducted an investigation by flow cytometry to determine whether lung cancer in eight patients with oral cancer represented a metastasis or a second primary. One patient had the same aneuploid cell population at both sites which indicated the lung lesion to be a metastasis. Two patients had a diploid lesion at both sites. In these patients, a second primary could not be distinguished from a distant metastasis because (notwithstanding both lesions being diploid) the tumors may have a different DNA content but at a level too low for flow cytometric detection. Five cases had differing DNA indices, which could represent a second primary as well as the emergence of a new clone during tumor progression and metastasis. It appears that DNA flow cytometry can identify tumors that are the same if both have the same aneuploid pattern, but it cannot prove that they are different.
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PMID:DNA ploidy analysis of squamous cell head and neck cancer to identify distant metastasis from second primary. 146 18

The need for validated intermediate end point markers to facilitate lung cancer chemointervention research is compelling. Three major classes of lung markers are relevant for this application. Since lung cancer includes four distinct histologies, markers that map degrees of histologic differentiation are important. Many of the markers for squamous differentiation overlap with the candidates for application in the study of head and neck cancer. Production of tissue-specific cell products especially for surfactant or CEA is of interest, because the gene structure is known and many differentiation-related polymorphisms exist. This strategy would be useful for adenomatous type tissue. A second type of marker is the broad group of differentiation markers. The carbohydrate or blood group-like antigens comprise a representative example. Carbohydrate structures are expressed in a specific sequence during fetal processes, and this sequence appears to reverse with the development of a cancer. Retrodifferentiation of specific differentiation markers is the basis of a major effort to effect earlier lung cancer detection using sputum immunocytochemistry. The final class includes markers which affect either positive or negative aspects of growth. Candidates in this area include growth factors or their receptors, or genes that regulate growth. If the intermediate end point marker reflects tumor biology and that biology is in the causal path of tumor progression, serial observation of that parameter should indicate the success of the intervention. In all three of these examples, the clinical material to be analyzed could be sputum specimens, bronchial biopsies or resected lung tissue. Systematic analysis of these markers in context of intervention trials is required to validate their utility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Candidate biomarkers for application as intermediate end points of lung carcinogenesis. 146 99

This chapter summarizes data from epidemiologic and animal model studies which demonstrate that an inherited predisposition influences the incidence of lung cancer. The authors review the cell biologic events that contribute to neoplastic transformation and the biologic processes that influence tumor progression. They describe how host mechanisms may limit the genesis and progression of tumors and discuss how information about mechanisms of carcinogenesis may be applied to estimating the risk of lung cancer in individuals exposed to environmental carcinogens.
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PMID:Inherited predisposition to lung cancer. 161 60

Several recent studies based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis have supported the concept that the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations converts a normal cell to a malignant cell. Activation of oncogenes and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes have been observed during tumor progression in colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. To investigate the possibility that multiple genes are altered during the progression of renal cell carcinoma, we have used restriction fragment length polymorphism markers throughout the genome to test for loss of heterozygosity in 38 renal cell carcinomas. Nearly 64% of the tumors had lost heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 3. We also observed loss of heterozygosity averaging about 30% at informative loci on six other chromosomal arms (chromosomes 5q, 6q, 10q, 11q, 17p, and 19p). These results lead us to suspect the existence of several tumor suppressor genes associated with carcinogenesis of renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Allelotype of renal cell carcinoma. 167 Sep 99

Expression of myc, fos, src, ras and sis oncoproteins was studied in biopsy material of tumors, metastases and "normal" surrounding tissues from patients with different histological types of stomach and lung cancer, melanoma and other malignancy using immunoblotting. Besides, the immunohistochemical distribution of these oncoproteins under lung cancer and precancer conditions was analysed. The oncoproteins expression was significantly higher in cancer as compared with precancer and "normal' surrounding tissues. C-myc and c-fos gene products were detected in all the malignant tissues irrespectively to histogenesis of tumors, while the level of c-myc expression was rather high. The high level of c-fos expression was observed in stomach carcinomas and at early stages of lung tumor progression. C-src and c-sis genes expression varied in tumors of different histogenesis. C-src proteins were found in 60% of lung cancer but it was practically absent in stomach carcinomas and in melanomas. C-sis gene product was observed in some melanomas and lung carcinomas. Ras gene can be activated at early stages of tumor progression of stomach carcinomas and lung adenocarcinomas and at later stages of tumor progression in melanomas and small-cell lung carcinomas. Thus, there are some correlations between oncoprotein expression and tumor tissue histogenesis and progression.
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PMID:[Synthesis and distribution of oncoproteins in tumor tissue]. 183 74

Progression from a treatment-sensitive to a treatment-resistant tumor state is a virtually universal phenomenon in patients with small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). In such individuals, this tumor progression may involve transitions from a SCLC to a non-SCLC lung cancer phenotype. We are investigating the cell and molecular biology aspects of these transitions and have derived a cell culture model of one such change, oncogene-induced transition of SCLC to the large-cell undifferentiated lung cancer phenotype. Here we discuss the potential implication of this model for understanding the cell lineage and molecular events regulating normal bronchial epithelial cell differentiation and their relationships to the histogenesis and behavior of lung cancers.
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PMID:Transitions between lung cancer phenotypes--implications for tumor progression. 185 29

The outcome with prophylactic lung cancer irradiation (PLCI) in persons with stage M1 disease but without chest symptoms was assessed in a retrospective review of 68 cases. Eighteen individuals (group A) received PLCI while 50 did not (group B). Median survival was similarly short (4 and 2 months, respectively) in group A and B. Twenty-one patients were evaluable concerning subsequent symptomatic local tumor progression (SLTP) based on clinical and radiographic manifestations. Three of 16 (19%) group B patients experienced SLTP, whereas none of the five in group A did (p = 0.26). Median survival was nine months in the latter and four months in the former patient set. The results suggested that, although PLCI may not enhance survival, it could promote a better quality of remaining life in these particular persons.
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PMID:The role of prophylactic lung cancer irradiation in patients (with stage M1 disease) without chest symptoms. 196 38


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