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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Family history data from an incident case-control study of lung cancer conducted in the Texas Gulf Coast region between 1976 and 1980 were analyzed to evaluate the contribution of cancer in first-degree relatives to lung cancer risk. Odds ratios (OR) increased slightly as the number of relatives with any cancer increased (reaching 1.5 with 4 or more relatives with cancer). Risks were higher for tobacco-related cancers (OR = 1.5 for 2 or more relatives with these tumors) and greatest for first-degree relatives with lung cancer (OR = 2.8 for lung cancer in 2 or more relatives). For cases of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung, risks with 3 or more relatives with any cancer were increased 2-fold (OR = 1.8 and 1.9 respectively), and a significantly elevated risk was found for having a first-degree relative with lung cancer for each histologic type (ORs from 1.7-2.1). Having a spouse with lung cancer increased lung cancer risk (OR = 2.5), and cases with lung cancer reported in a first-degree relative were diagnosed at an earlier age, as were case siblings with lung cancer.
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PMID:Lung cancer risk associated with cancer in relatives. 201 Jul 87

The current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for bronchogenic carcinoma, which divides stage III M0 cases into stages IIIA and IIIB, is based on the observation that selected patients with IIIA disease (T3 or N2) can undergo complete surgical resection, in distinction to IIIB patients (T4 or N3). To understand the value of this system when applied to clinically staged (CS) patients treated with a standard nonoperative approach, the records of patients with squamous cell, large-cell, and adenocarcinoma of the lung treated with radiation therapy (RT) at the Fox Chase Cancer Center from 1978 to 1987 were reviewed. Three hundred sixteen patients were identified as having CS III M0 disease treated with single daily fraction RT without chemotherapy or sensitizers. Of these, the distinction between IIIA (166) and IIIB (140) could be made for 306 patients. The median survival time (MST) for all CS III patients was 9.6 months, and the 2-year survival was 17%. No difference was observed in MST between CS IIIA and IIIB patients (9.4 v 9.8 months, P = .78), in 2-year survival (17% v 18%), or in rate of first failure within the RT field (43% v 44%). MSTs for the 157 CS IIIA and IIIB patients with less than 5% weight loss and Zubrod performance status (PS) 0 to 1 were 13.0 and 15.8 months (P = .29), respectively. This lack of difference in outcome for CS IIIA and IIIB patients receiving RT has important implications in the design and stratification of future nonoperative trials for stage III lung cancer.
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PMID:Lack of apparent difference in outcome between clinically staged IIIA and IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer treated with radiation therapy. 184 8

Serum LSA and CEA levels were measured in 86 patients with lung cancer, 56 patients with benign pulmonary diseases and 127 normal subjects. The results showed that the diagnostic accuracy rate of LSA for lung cancer (82.4%) was higher than that of CEA (67.6%). LSA was more useful than CEA for diagnosis and differantial diagnosis of lung cancer. CEA was more sensitive to adenocarcinoma of the lung. While LSA was sensitive to small cell lung cancer and squamous cell lung cancer as well. LSA levels and positive rate were related to the stages of lung cancer. LSA was more helpful than CEA for evaluating the status of disease and staging patients. The changes of LSA levels in 33 patients with lung cancer were related to the results of chemotherapy. LSA was superior to CEA for monitoring therapy. Combinative determination of both two markers was better than that of single marker.
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PMID:[Comparative study of serum lipid-bound sialic acid and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with lung cancer]. 216 67

On the basis of clinical investigations of 1,000 resected lung cancer patients we comment on the prognostic implications of histological type and tumour localisation with special regard to adenocarcinoma. 1. 198 patients, resected for primary adenocarcinoma of the lung, had 5- and 10-year survival rates of 42% and 25.3% respectively, similar to the survival rate of patients who had been operated on for squamous cell carcinoma. 2. Of 6 patients suffering from central adenocarcinoma according to WHO classification of 1967, or 10 patients according to WHO classification of 1981, not a single patient survived for more than 3 years. In patients with peripheral adenocarcinoma the survival rates after 5 and 10 years amounted to 42.4% and 26.6%. The 5-year survival rates of all patients with peripheral cancers were significantly better than those of central tumour patients. 3. The survival rates after 5 and 10 years among patients resected for primary adenocarcinoma dropped steeply in relation to tumour stage. While adenocarcinoma patients in stage I had the highest survival chances in comparison to other types, the survival curve of stage III patients with this type fell below that of small-cell and large-cell cancer patients. 4. The prognosis of patients resected for adenocarcinoma whose x-ray pictures showed a large infiltration, had a bad prognosis. Patients with peripheral coin lesions had good survival chances. 5. It was impossible to demonstrate a correlation between survival rate and grade of differentiation in adenocarcinoma patients. There were also no prognostic differences between papillary and acinar subtype. Patients with bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma had the significantly highest survival rates.
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PMID:[The relationship of histological type and tumor location to prognosis in 1000 patients with lung resection with special reference to adenocarcinoma]. 217 63

An autopsy case of an 18-year-old boy with adenocarcinoma of the lung is reported. He experienced dyspnea and hemosputum in July 1988. Chest radiographs showed a diffuse bilateral streaky shadow, bilateral pleural effusion and cardiac enlargement. The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was made by transbronchial biopsy at another hospital. He visited the National Cancer Center Hospital on October 7, 1988. The diagnosis of lung cancer was strongly suggested by positive immunohistochemical staining for pulmonary surfactant apoprotein in biopsy specimens from supraclavicular lymph nodes. Intensive systemic survey demonstrated no other primary site than the lung. The patient was treated with cisplatin, adriamycin and etoposide and his subjective symptoms such as cough and dyspnea significantly improved over the next three months. Tumor shadows in the lung increased steadily, however after February, 1989. A significant lymphangitic spread of the carcinoma and marked obsteoblastic bone metastases were revealed at autopsy.
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PMID:Primary lung cancer in an 18-year-old boy: case report. 219 88

Human non-small lung cancer cell lines HS-24 (established from a primary squamous cell carcinoma) and SB-3 (established from a metastasis of a primary adenocarcinoma of the lung into the adrenal gland) were analysed for the proteinases tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). The proteinases were characterized by activity measurements, inhibition studies, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot analysis. Cell-associated proteinases were determined in cell lysates, secreted proteinases in cell conditioned culture media. Both cell lines were found to secrete uPA and PAI-1, whereas tPA could be detected only in HS-24 conditioned media. No cathepsin B activity could be detected in media of both cell lines. However, activation experiments and western blot analysis showed, that at least HS-24 secrete an inactive precursor. Cell lysates of HS-24 and SB-3 show PA activity, but on a low level. Cathepsin B activity was also found to be low in HS-24 lysates. However, SB-3 lysates show high cathepsin B activity. Further characterization of the proteinases by their sensitivity against several inhibitors suggests that they are similar to the corresponding proteinases of normal, nonmalignant cells.
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PMID:Detection of cathepsin B, plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitor in human non-small lung cancer cell lines. 222 60

The three well-characterized genes of the ras gene family H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras, code for closely related 21-kD proteins that have a role in the transduction of growth signals. The ras proteins acquire transforming potential when a point mutation in the gene leads to replacement of an amino acid in one of the critical positions 12, 13, or 61. Overexpression of the normal protein, usually associated with gene amplification, can have similar effects. The detection of mutationally activated ras genes has been facilitated by the development of oligonucleotide hybridization assays that allow the identification of each possible mutation at the critical sites. Employment of the polymerase chain reaction has greatly increased the sensitivity of these assays. Studies of human lung cancer have shown that adenocarcinoma is the only subtype associated with ras mutations. These occur in about 30% of primary tumors. In almost all cases, the mutation is present in codon 12 of the K-ras gene. No mutations have been observed to date in tumors of nonsmokers, suggesting that the mutation may result from exposure to carcinogenic ingredients of tobacco smoke. Amplifications of ras genes were shown to be very uncommon in clinically early stages of lung cancer. Analysis of the clinical data of patients who were operated on for adenocarcinoma of the lung shows that K-ras mutations are not associated with particular histologic characteristics of the tumors or with specific presenting features. Patients with K-ras mutations, however, had significantly worse survival than did those without an activation.
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PMID:The ras oncogenes in human lung cancer. 225 72

A case-control study of lung cancer involving interviews with 965 female patients and 959 controls in Shenyang and Harbin, two industrial cities which have among the highest rates of lung cancer in China, revealed that cigarette smoking is the main causal factor and accounted for about 35% of the tumours among women. Although the amount smoked was low (the cases averaged eight cigarettes per day), the percentage of smokers among women over age 50 in these cities was nearly double the national average. Air pollution from coal burning stoves was implicated, as risks of lung cancer increased in proportion to years of exposure to 'Kang' and other heating devices indigenous to the region. In addition, the number of meals cooked by deep frying and the frequency of smokiness during cooking were associated with risk of lung cancer. More cases than controls reported workplace exposures to coal dust and to smoke from burning fuel. Elevated risks were observed for smelter workers and decreased risks for textile workers. Prior chronic bronchitis/emphysema, pneumonia, and recent tuberculosis contributed significantly to lung cancer risk, as did a history of tuberculosis and lung cancer in family members. Higher intake of carotene-rich vegetables was not protective against lung cancer in this population. The findings were qualitatively similar across the major cell types of lung cancer, except that the associations with smoking and previous lung diseases were stronger for squamous/oat cell cancers than for adenocarcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Lung cancer among women in north-east China. 225 30

Immediate and end results of surgical treatment of locally advanced lung cancer were studied in 197 patients. The technique of extensive, combined and extensive-combined operations is described. Postoperative complications associated with combined and extensive procedures were observed as frequently as those involved in standard surgery provided the technique was followed closely. Three-year survival rate for patients operated on for locally advanced squamous-cell cancer and adenocarcinoma of the lung was 15.2% as compared to 4.1% for those undergoing chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Results of surgical treatment of locally enlarged cancer of the lung]. 228 39

To understand better the pathogenesis of peripherally occurring well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung in relation to alveolar epithelial hyperplasia (AEH), immunohistochemical, morphometric, and electron microscopic studies were done on surgical pathologically examined cases of lung cancer. Cases with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis were excluded so that the effects of diffuse scarring of the lung on the development of neoplasia were eliminated. Of 70 specimens with various types of pulmonary carcinomas, 15 were found to have coexistent typical or atypical AEH lesions. No area of transition from AEH to neoplasm was found. The immunohistochemistry studies showed significant differences in the reactions of carcinoembryonic and blood group antigens between typical and atypical AEH lesions, but no significant differences could be obtained between atypical AEH lesions and adenocarcinoma. However, the morphometry of the mean nuclear areas revealed a highly significant difference between atypical AEH lesions and adenocarcinoma. Electron microscopy showed many Clara granules in atypical AEH cells. The results did not prove that AEH lesions are precancerous, but the presence of Clara granules in atypical AEH cells raises speculation on the histogenetic relationship between AEH and pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the lung. 232 96


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