Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In mammals, the cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) are a supergene family comprised of four multigene families, named alpha, mu, pi and theta. In man, within the mu class gene family there is a gene (the GSTmu 1 locus) that is polymorphic and is only expressed in 50-55% of individuals. It has previously been reported, using trans-stilbene oxide (tSBO) as a specific substrate for the expressed phenotype, that smokers with the null phenotype had a greater susceptibility to lung cancer. In a subsequent study, it was shown that on Southern blot analyses of human DNAs using a GSTmu 1 cDNA probe a DNA fragment was absent in certain individuals. The absence of this band correlated with the tSBO null phenotype. In the present work, DNA clones derived from GST mu class genomic sequences were used as probes in Southern blot analyses and confirmed the correlation between the lack of a DNA fragment and the null phenotype; moreover in this case, using radioimmunoassay for the GST mu protein, these probes were then used in a genotyping assay to investigate further the association of GSTmu 1 polymorphism with susceptibility to lung cancer. It was found that in a control group of 225 individuals, of unknown smoking history, 42% lacked the restriction fragment and were homozygous null, and therefore 58% were either heterozygous or were homozygous normal. Among 228 lung cancer patients, which included all tumour types, a similar distribution occurred, namely 43% were homozygous and 57% were heterozygous or homozygous normal. If, however, the tumours were analysed by tumour type a small but significant positive correlation with the homozygous null genotype was seen in squamous carcinoma of the lung, and an apparently negative correlation with adenocarcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Glutathione S-transferase mu locus: use of genotyping and phenotyping assays to assess association with lung cancer susceptibility. 168 31

Serum levels of CA-50, SLX and ST-439 were measured in 213 patients with lung cancer (92 adenocarcinomas, 63 squamous cell carcinomas, 37 small cell carcinomas and 21 large cell carcinomas) and 87 patients with benign lung disease. The overall positive rates in patients with lung cancer were 12.8% for CA-50, 29.7% for SLX and 25.3% for ST-439. The positive rates for CA-50, SLX and ST-439 in adenocarcinoma patients were 22.8%, 42.4% and 38.0%, respectively. Of the patients with benign lung disease, 4.8% were false positive for CA-50, 15.3% for SLX and 3.6% for ST-439. In the patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung, the combination assay of CEA and ST-439 had a highly accurate rate (61.9%).
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PMID:[The significance of CA-50, SLX and ST-439 in lung cancer]. 168 Nov 28

The clinical significance of tumor-associated glycosylated antigen, sialylated Lewisx (SLEX) was demonstrated with reference to pulmonary diseases by fluorescent enzyme immunoassay. In benign lung diseases 5.5% were positive for serum SLEX. Lung cancer, the highest percentage positivity was seen in adenocarcinoma (41.7%), and clinical stage III and IV showed 36.2% and 41.9%, respectively. These results indicate that SLEX might conceivably be useful as a tumor marker, particularly for adenocarcinoma of the lung. Using Sephacryl S-1000 columns the elution profiles of sera and bronchoalveolar lavage in cases of lung cancer, gastric cancer and diffuse panbronchiolitis were also investigated, and it was concluded that the release mechanism of the antigen into blood stream in the malignant diseases is different from that in benign disease and the carrier protein binding to the antigen varies according to the disease.
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PMID:[The clinical significance of tumor-associated glycosylated antigen, sialylated Lewis]. 168 96

We have defined a human lung carcinoma antigen using murine monoclonal antibodies (DF-L1 and DF-L2) prepared against a primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. This antigen is expressed on the surface of human lung carcinoma cell lines and has an apparent Mr of 350,000-420,000. Immunoperoxidase staining has demonstrated expression of the antigen in the cytoplasm and membranes of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas but not small cell tumors of the lung. Immunoprecipitation of the antigen following radiolabeling has demonstrated the presence of both protein and carbohydrate. Antigen purified by immunoaffinity was used to study the epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies DF-L1 and DF-L2. The results indicate that the DF-L1 epitope primarily involves a peptide structure, while the DF-L2 epitope is comprised in part by peptide and O-linked carbohydrate. In contrast, there was no detectable evidence for the presence of N-linked glycosylation. The results also demonstrate that this antigen circulates at elevated levels in patients with carcinoma of the lung. These findings are similar to previous reports of high molecular weight glycoproteins in breast and ovarian carcinomas. Indeed, the present results in lung cancer identify another member of this heterogeneous family of human carcinoma-associated glycoproteins.
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PMID:Detection and characterization of a high molecular weight human lung carcinoma-associated glycoprotein. 169 41

An 80-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of insidious hearing loss and facial palsy. Chest X-ray film showed an abnormal shadow in the right lower lobe. Adenocarcinoma of the lung was diagnosed by transbronchial brushing cytology. During admission, headache and dysphagia appeared, although no abnormality was detected in the brain CT and MRI. Lumbar puncture yielded adenocarcinoma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. A diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis from the adenocarcinoma of the lung was considered and intrathecal administration of methotrexate was performed. The patient's condition deteriorated gradually and he died of respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed massive invasion of tumor cells in the leptomeninges of the brain and spinal cord. This case illustrates that facial nerve palsy with insidious hearing impairment may appear as the initial symptoms in meningeal carcinomatosis resulting from lung cancer metastasis.
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PMID:[Insidious hearing loss and facial palsy as the presenting symptoms of meningeal carcinomatosis resulting from adenocarcinoma of the lung]. 175 49

The association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in female lifetime nonsmokers was evaluated using data collected during the first 3 years of an ongoing case-control study. This large, multicenter, population-based study was designed to minimize some of the methodological problems which have been of concern in previous studies of environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer. Both a cancer control group and a population control group were selected in order to evaluate recall bias. A uniform histopathological review of diagnostic material was conducted for case confirmation and detailed classification. Biochemical determination of current exposure to tobacco and screening of multiple sources of information to determine lifetime nonuse were utilized to minimize misclassification of smokers as nonsmokers. A 30% increased risk of lung cancer was associated with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from a spouse, and a 50% increase was observed for adenocarcinoma of the lung. A statistically significant positive trend in risk was observed as pack-years of exposure from a spouse increased, reaching a relative risk of 1.7 for pulmonary adenocarcinoma with exposures of 80 or more pack-years. The predominant cell type of the reviewed, eligible lung cancer cases was adenocarcinoma (78%). Results were very similar when cases were compared to each control group and when separate analyses were conducted for surrogate and personal respondents. Other adult-life exposures in household, occupational, and social settings were each associated with a 40-60% increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the lung. No association was found between risk of any type of lung cancer and childhood exposures from a father, mother, or other household members.
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PMID:Lung cancer in nonsmoking women: a multicenter case-control study. 130 35

To evaluate the relationship between DNA ploidy and the clinical stage of the disease or the prognosis, tumor DNA content was determined by flow cytometry in paraffin-embedded specimens obtained surgically from the patients with primary lung cancer. A good correlation in DNA indices between fresh and paraffin-embedded specimens was observed (r = 0.978), although one tumor with DNA near-diploidy was mistaken as DNA diploid in paraffin-embedded specimens. DNA content analysis was carried out for 171 of 178 patients (401 of 427 paraffin-embedded specimens). Of the 171 patients, 155 could be enrolled in the clinical and pathological study, and 118 in the prognostic study. One hundred and nineteen (76.8%) patients had DNA aneuploid patterns that were higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma (p less than 0.05) Although the proportion of DNA aneuploidy was not associated with the pathologic stage, a better 5-year survival rate was observed in Group A (DNA diploidy, 62.9%) than in Group B (DNA aneuploidy and DNA peridiploidy, 28.4%; p less than 0.001). Therefore, the DNA content was considered to be an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. To evaluate the relationship of DNA content with histopathologic heterogeneity, the morphologic study was carried out on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Seventeen patients had DNA multiploidy and 10 of 17 tumors with DNA multiploidy showed prominent pleomorphism in histologic morphology. DNA content seemed to be related to histopathologic differences in non-small cell lung cancer. The measurement of DNA content is useful for evaluation of clinical behavior and prognosis of the patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:[Studies on flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content in non-small cell lung cancer]. 184 24

On first admission on June 5, 1989, pulmonary adenocarcinoma of left S3b in a 62-year-old male had already metastasized to the brain and the clinical stage was T2N2M1. Radiation therapy for the metastatic brain lesion was very successful but chemotherapy for the primary lesion was not effective. He was discharged on August 24, 1989. He was readmitted to our hospital on Jan. 5, 1990 because of severe abdominal pain. His chest roentgenogram showed free air under the diaphragm. An emergency laparotomy was performed, because perforation of gastrointestinal tract was suspected. At operation, two localized tumors were found, one located in the jejunum approximately 20 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz, accompanied by perforation and another approximately 20 cm distal to the above lesion in the mesentery. The resected specimen of the perforated lesion demonstrated a deep and large ulcer, compared to the tumor size, similar to a submucosal tumor, accompanied by bridging folds. The pathologic interpretation was adenocarcinoma of the lung metastatic to the jejunum and mesentery. Primary lung cancer metastasizes to a wide variety of organs, but metastasis to the small intestine is uncommon, even on postmortem examination. Furthermore, it is rare that the metastatic lesion causes abdominal symptom leading to laparotomy.
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PMID:[A case of jejunal metastasis from pulmonary adenocarcinoma occurring as perforative peritonitis]. 188 9

In a preliminary longitudinal study two women with histologically verified adenocarcinoma of the lung, without simultaneous infectious or inflammatory conditions, were seen every 2 weeks until death. In one of the patients serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels rose progressively while the levels for the other patient increased during the second half of the observation period. Serum soluble CD8 antigen (sCD8 Ag) showed a pattern dissimilar to the one for sIL-2R. In a retrospective cross-sectional study circulating levels of sIL-2R and sCD8 Ag were measured before explorative thoracotomy in a total of 65 patients with histologically proven non-resectable carcinoma of the lung. The sIL-2R levels were significantly increased independently of histological subclassification while sCD8 Ag was increased only in patients with small-cell lung cancer. There was no correlation between pre-operative values and length of survival.
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PMID:Soluble interleukin-2 receptor and soluble CD8 antigen levels in serum from patients with non-resectable lung cancer. 190 73

The nuclear DNA content was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) in 155 resected specimens (122 paraffin-embedded and 33 fresh frozen specimens) of primary adenocarcinoma of the lung obtained at our department during the 8 years from 1982 to July, 1990. Aneuploid patterns were observed in 106 specimens (68.4%), and the diploid patterns in 49 (31.6%). No difference was observed in the age, sex, or clinical stage between the two groups. As for the relationship of the presence or absence of vascular infiltration with the DNA index (DI) and the heterogeneity index score (HIS), the percent positivity of vascular infiltration was 38.1% in the group with 1 less than or equal to DI less than 1.5 but nearly twice higher at 63.6% in the group with 1.5 less than or equal to DI. The percent positivity of vascular infiltration was 29.4% in the group with HIS less than 100 but 62.5% in the group with 100 less than or equal to HIS. Concerning the relationship between the ploidy pattern and outcome, the 5-year survival rate was 28.0% in the aneuploidy group and 65.1% in the diploid group, the outcome being significantly poorer in the first group. Concerning the relationship between DI and outcome, the 5-year survival rate was 14.9% in the group with 1.5 less than or equal to DI as compared with 55.4% in the group with 1.0 less than or equal to DI less than 1.5. DNA analysis was made also in bronchoscopic brushing specimens to examine the possibility of preoperative evaluation of the prognosis of lung cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[DNA analysis of resected pulmonary adenocarcinoma]. 196 Apr 29


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