Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 25% of all cases of lung cancer diagnosed in the United States. The sensitivity of SCLC to chemotherapy offers good prospects for prolonged remission and long-term survival. Over the last decade, however, the overall response rate and median survival in SCLC patients have remained essentially unchanged. Single-agent intravenous (IV) etoposide has proven to be among the most active drugs for the treatment of SCLC. Oral or oral plus intravenous etoposide has been used in many combination chemotherapies. Studies demonstrating the schedule dependency of etoposide suggest that optimum results would be achieved if the total were administered over a minimum of 5 days. Given in such a schedule, oral etoposide has been shown to be effective in unfit or elderly (> 70 years of age) patients with SCLC, who represent 25% to 30% of the total SCLC population. Prolonged etoposide administration has achieved efficacy comparable with that attained in 5-day schedules, but with notable toxicity. Moreover, the value of dose intensity in single-agent and combination regimens employing etoposide has recently been questioned. New therapeutic strategies are clearly needed to increase the response rate, to prolong survival, and to improve quality of life in SCLC patients.
 ...
PMID:Oral etoposide in small cell lung cancer. 133 99

The expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) was assessed by immunohistochemical staining in 52 human lung tumor samples. All of the 8 small cell lung cancers were negative whereas all of the 18 adenocarcinomas and 23 of the 26 squamous cell carcinomas showed positive immunoreaction to TGF alpha. Distribution of TGF alpha stainings in the squamous cell carcinomas was weaker and more heterogeneous as compared to the adenocarcinomas. Ultrastructural localization of TGF alpha in the squamous cell lung carcinomas by indirect immunogold staining revealed that TGF alpha is present in the cytoplasm as well as the cell membrane but not in the nucleus. This suggests that the lung cancer cells are not only the producer of TGF alpha, but also the target cells of the TGF alpha action. The expression of TGF alpha in lung tumors may be useful diagnostically in differentiating small cell lung cancer from non-small cell lung cancer and may also be important in the study of the biological properties of primary lung cancers.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical study of transforming growth factor-alpha in human lung cancers. 133 97

The aim of this clinically controlled trial was to assess the effect of different smoking patterns on development of different histological types of lung cancer. The study group consisted of 1,432 subjects that died due to lung cancer in the years 1980-1987. 627 of these had the histological type of the cancer determined; 54% had squamous cell cancer, 24% small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 17% adenocarcinoma. The control group consisted of 1,343 subjects that died due to other causes. Medical and social history was taken from the families of the deceased. The results of the analysis demonstrate that lung cancer development is related to smoking although differences were seen in the different types of cancer. The calculated risk of a smoker developing lung cancer-squamous cell and SCLC was respectively 15.4 and 13.5 while for adenocarcinoma it was much lower--3.1. Important differences were seen in ex-smokers developing squamous cell lung cancer and SCLC. The risk of developing squamous cell lung cancer and SCLC in this group was 89% and 88%, and adenocarcinoma only 64%. This suggests that adenocarcinoma is related more to environmental factors than the other two types of lung cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of smoking on the development of various histological types of lung cancer]. 133 52

Ninety-three young adult patients (< 40 years old) with lung cancer were operated and pathologically confirmed during 1977. 1-1990. 12. The first misdiagnostic rate was 74.2%. The resectable rate was as low as 76.3%. The incidence of SCLC in this group was 17.2%. Pneumonectomy rate was 23.9%. But lower mortality rate was showed in this group since young patients are usually with better reservation of heart and lung functions. The five-year survival rate in this group was 33.3%. It is emphasized that in case of a young adult suspected of suffering from lung cancer, chest films, and if necessary, sputum cytology, bronchoscopy, standard tomography, CT and transthoracic needle biopsy should be taken. Early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance. In authors' opinion, patients with SCLC should also be treated surgically combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
 ...
PMID:[Surgical treatment of lung cancer in young adult]. 133 89

The 5-year survival of lung cancer patients is about 30% in Japan. One of the reasons for the poor prognosis seems to be drug resistance. It has been reported that certain types of oncogenes, such as ras, myc and fos, may play an important role in drug resistance. The myc protein forms a sequence-specific DNA-binding complex with Max and may act as a transcription factor; thus, it may be possible that myc family oncogenes are involved in DNA synthesis and repair processes mediating drug resistance. We report here that L-myc oncogene may be involved in the transition from drug-sensitive to drug-resistant phenotype of a certain small cell lung cancer cell line.
 ...
PMID:[Relationship between drug resistance and oncogenes in lung cancer cell lines]. 133 94

Using single-strand conformation polymorphism we have found two polymorphic sites, AAC to AAT at codon 511 (exon 12) and GCT to GCG at codon 708 (exon 15), in the MCC gene. These sites and an RsaI polymorphic site in APC allowed us to study 23 human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 7 non-small cell lung cancer samples for allele loss. Of the 23 SCLC samples, 21 (91%) were informative for one or more of these markers, and we found allele loss in more than 80% (17 of 21). In non-small cell lung cancer samples, 5 of 7 (71%) were informative, and reduction or loss of one allele was found in 2 of 5 (40%). Seven cases were informative for both genes, loss of heterozygosity occurred for both genes in five, one retained heterozygosity for both, and one SCLC had loss of heterozygosity for APC but not for MCC. We conclude that loss of heterozygosity occurs frequently for MCC and APC in lung cancer of all histological types and is very frequent in SCLC. This suggests the presence of tumor suppressor gene(s) in the MCC/APC region of 5q21 involved in human lung cancer.
 ...
PMID:Polymorphic sites within the MCC and APC loci reveal very frequent loss of heterozygosity in human small cell lung cancer. 134 17

Sessions about lung cancer of the 28th annual meeting of ASCO approached especially non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Undoubtedly the outstanding facts for this pathology was first the acknowledgment of the importance of a correct staging system, in particular in stage IIIA for which resection is a prognostic factor different for tumors T3N0, T3N1 as for N2. Two important topics have been discussed on therapy: stage IIIA treatment, in particular neoadjuvant therapy before surgery, and new drugs like Navelbine, taxol, and campthotecine which suggest the possibility of improvements for chemotherapy of NSCLC in the next few years. For small cell lung cancer (SCLC), different trials were designed to improve dose intensity with growth factors, fractionation of therapy, autologous bone marrow transplantation.
 ...
PMID:[Advances in lung cancer]. 136 92

In an attempt to predict the clinical activity of newly developed anthracycline analogues, ME2303, KRN8602, and SM5887 in the treatment of lung cancer, we compared antitumor activity of these drugs with that of adriamycin, using six human lung cancer cell lines and two drug-resistant human lung cancer sublines. Taking the pharmacokinetic data into consideration, we evaluated the relative antitumor activity: the ratio of area under the concentration-time curve of each drug to the 50% inhibitory concentration of the drug. Regarding this ratio, ME2303 was more potent than adriamycin, SM5887, and KRN8602. Cross-resistance of the new analogues to adriamycin was investigated using an adriamycin-resistant small cell lung cancer subline, SBC-3/ADM100 and an etoposide-resistant subline, SBC-3/ETP. SBC-3/ADM100 being 106-fold more resistant to adriamycin than the parent SBC-3 showed less resistance to the analogues: 1.80-fold to KRN8602, 3.80-fold to SM5887, and 8.60-fold to ME2303. SBC-3/ETP which was 52.1-fold more resistant to etoposide and 39.5-fold more resistant to adriamycin were also less resistant to the new analogues: 3.27-fold to KRN8602, 9.07-fold to SM5887, and 17.3-fold to ME2303. In conclusion, ME2303 was found to be the most potent agent among drugs tested for the treatment of lung cancer, and KRN8602 can be expected to be beneficial for the treatment of drug-resistant small cell lung cancer.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of antitumor activity of new anthracycline analogues, ME2303, KRN8602, and SM5887 using human lung cancer cell lines. 144 49

The NK activity and ADCC of peripheral blood mononuclear cell were examined to evaluate the contribution of ADCC and NK activity to host immune response against lung cancer. The NK activity and ADCC were examined in 58 patients with primary lung cancer and 40 healthy volunteers as normal controls. The NK activity of patients with lung cancer was significantly subnormal, but ADCC was at a normal level. The NK activity was decreased in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but not in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) compared to normal controls. According to stage, the NK activity in stage II, III-M0 and III-M1 NSCLC showed low levels compared to that of stage I NSCLC, but there was no difference of NK activity in patients with SCLC. The NK activity was not affected by performance status. There was no significant difference of ADCC in patients with lung cancer according to cell type, stage and performance compared with that of normal controls. The NK activity and ADCC were not changed after chemotherapy and operation respectively.
 ...
PMID:Natural killer activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in patients with primary lung cancer. 150 29

Lung carcinomas represent a heterogeneous group of tumours with large variations in the biochemical, clinical, morphological and pathological manifestations. Despite the neuroendocrine features of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), it is today generally accepted that all types of lung cancer emanate from a common endodermally derived multipotent stem cell of the bronchial epithelium. NCAM (neutral cell adhesion molecule) has been shown to be a sensitive marker of SCLC. The presence of NCAM, with the alpha (2,8) polysialic acid units characteristic of embryonal NCAM, in SCLC and in a portion of NSCLC, seems to correlate with the malignant behaviour and prognosis of the tumours, suggesting that NCAM may have a functional role in the clinicopathological manifestations of lung cancer. Fuc-GM1 with 2-hydroxy fatty acids as a characteristic component of the ceramide has been found to be a unique ganglioside of SCLC, detected in the tissues as well as in serum from SCLC patients using specific monoclonal antibodies. Accumulation of sialylated and fucosylated polylactosamine type 2 carbohydrate glycolipid and glycoprotein antigens was found in serum and tissues of lung tumours in accordance with what is described in gastrointestinal carcinomas, and these antigens may be regarded as general carcinoma antigens irrespective of organ. Sialylated and fucosylated type 1 antigens, and gangliosides with NeuAc alpha (2,6)Gal linkage were also accumulated in lung cancer. The human immune system has been found to recognize lung cancer carbohydrate antigens, which might be human lung cancer autoantigens.
 ...
PMID:Carbohydrate antigens in human lung carcinomas. 152 May 24


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>