Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Smoking is the primary factor responsible for the epidemic of squamous cell lung cancer (SqLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), however, there have been few studies which reported the relationship between smoking and SCLC in female patients. To examine the relationship between smoking and SCLC and SqLC in female patients, a retrospective chart review was performed in 877 patients with lung cancer diagnosed at Tsukuba University Hospital. In both SCLC and SqLC, the proportions of non-smokers were higher in female patients than those of male patients (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, respectively). A significant difference in smoking history was found between female and male patients who were diagnosed with SqLC and SCLC (p = 0.0001). In female patients, active smoking seems less responsible for the occurrence of smoking-related lung cancer compared with male patients, which suggests passive smoking influence the development of smoking-related lung cancer, especially in female patients.
 ...
PMID:Smoking and smoking-related lung cancer in female patients. 1069 30

Retinoic acid receptor beta is the retinoid receptor most frequently associated with the growth suppressive effects of retinoic acid in various epithelial tumor-derived cell lines. In particular, it has been shown that transfection of RARbeta2 in epidermoid lung tumor cells could reduce their in vitro growth rate in the presence of retinoic acid and in vivo tumorigenicity. However, the question remained as to the isoform specificity of this effect. To investigate this, we transfected RARalpha1, RARbeta1 and RARbeta2 into the epidermoid lung cancer cell line Calu-1 and assessed the in vitro growth capacities of the transfected cells. The expression of the fetal RARbeta1 or overexpression of the ubiquitous RARalpha1 isoforms could not mimick the growth suppressive effect of RARbeta2. In addition we analyzed the expression of another RAR isoform, alpha2, in many tumor-derived lines and conclude from its expression pattern that RARalpha2 is unlikely to be involved in retinoic acid growth suppression of lung cancer. Overall our data suggest that the suppressive effect of RARbeta2 is isoform specific.
Lung Cancer 2000 May
PMID:RARbeta2 specificity in mediating RA inhibition of growth of lung cancer-derived cells. 1071 30

The human homologue of the yeast OGG1 gene, hOGG1, has been cloned, and its genetic structure has been determined. Several polymorphisms in the hOGG1 gene were detected in the Japanese populations, and among them, the Ser-Cys polymorphism at codon 326 has been shown to have a functional difference in complementation of mutant Escherichia coli that is defective in the repair of 8-hydroxyguanine. Activity in the repair of 8-hydroxyguanine is greater in hOGG1-Ser326 protein than in hOGG1(326) protein. Because many environmental carcinogens produce 8-hydroxyguanine residue and mismatching to this modified base potentially causes oncogenic mutations, the capacity to repair these lesions can be involved in cancer susceptibility in human beings. We, therefore, examined allele distributions of the Ser326Cys polymorphism in a case-control study of male lung cancer in Okinawa. The analyses based on 241 cases and 197 hospital controls disclosed the following findings. (a) Those with the Cys/Cys genotype were at an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma and nonadenocarcinoma compared to those with the Ser/Cys and those with the Ser/Ser genotypes combined. The odds ratios adjusted for age and smoking history were 3.01 (95% confidence interval, 1.33-6.83) and 2.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-4.54), respectively. (b) The odds ratios for other histological subtypes of lung cancer or those in total were not significant. Those for Cys/Cys or Ser/Cys genotype against Ser/Ser did not reach statistical significance in any cell type. (c) The distributions of this polymorphism varied for different populations (Chinese, Japanese, Micronesians, Melanesians, Hungarians, and Australian Caucasians), with much less prevalence of Cys allele in the latter three populations. Although our sample size was limited, these results indicate that the Ser326Cys variant may be related to squamous cell lung cancer susceptibility. The Cys/Cys genotype appears to be more susceptible to squamous cell carcinoma, although the risk is less than that previously reported to be associated with the CYP1A1 gene. Further studies are needed to assess the importance of the interpopulation variation to cancer susceptibility.
 ...
PMID:hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility. 1074 26

An animal model of metastasis with features similar to those of lung cancer metastasis in humans is required for an understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human lung cancer metastasis. Ma-44 cell lines derived from human squamous cell lung cancer were percutaneously injected (2-3 x 10(4)) into the left lung of SCID mice. After orthotopic implantation, Ma-44 cell lines formed tumors in the left lung at a high rate (17/25, 68%), and many of those metastasized to mediastinal lymph nodes (13/17, 76%) by the 14th day, but not to other organs. After the ectopic implantation, the Ma-44 cell line inoculated subcutaneously (2-3 x 10(5)) formed a tumor at the inoculation site by the 28th day (all mice), but did not metastasize to any organs. The Ma-44 cell line inoculated intravenously (2-3 x 10(5)) formed metastases in the lungs (37/50, 74%), and these pulmonary metastases metastasized to the mediastinal lymph nodes at low rate (3/37, 8%) by the 14th day. The orthotopic sites of implantation are critical for the metastatic ability of transplanted tumors in SCID mice. Since non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) grows at the primary site in humans, lymphogenous metastasis occurs frequently, and blood-born metastasis occurs at moderate rate, our orthotopic SCID mice model was similar to the metastatic behavior of NSCLC in humans. Thus, this model may be useful for elucidating the mechanism of lymphogenous metastasis in human lung cancer, and testing the anti-metastatic efficacy of therapeutic agents in vivo.
 ...
PMID:SCID mouse lymphogenous metastatic model of human lung cancer constructed using orthotopic inoculation of cancer cells. 1076 49

When diagnosed as primary lung cancer, metastases from the abdomen, plus false negative cases have little effect on epidemiology studies of male smokers, but may result in a severe dilution of the lung cancers among women and nonsmokers. We have attempted to quantitate this handicap for epidemiological studies using two approaches. The relative frequency of diagnosed primary lung and abdominal cancer among males, women, and nonsmokers differs substantially and is used here to calculate magnitude. The second approach postulates that the ratio of nonsmokers among persons with squamous cell lung cancer and primary adenocarcinoma of the lung would be constant by sex if there were no distortion by abdominal metastases. These two approaches indicate that the much higher ratio of metastatic disease diagnosed as primary lung cancer among nonsmoking women (factor of 15 to 20), makes it more difficult to identify an environmental carcinogen among women or nonsmokers than among male smokers in case-control studies.
 ...
PMID:Errors and biases in the diagnosis of cancer of the lung and their influence on risk estimates. 1078 74

A 69-year-old man developed after thoracotomy for lung cancer. He had centrally located cT4N0M0 squamous cell lung cancer that was downstaged to cTxN0M0 by induction chemoradiotherapy with grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Two months after the finish of chemotherapy, right pneumonectomy with concomitant resection of the superior vena cava was performed. Three weeks later, he developed with a bronchopleural fistula and died of ARDS. This demonstrates increased risk of surgery following induction chemoradiotherapy.
 ...
PMID:[Bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy following induction therapy for cT4N0M0 squamous cell lung cancer]. 1080 94

Smoking prevention will decrease lung cancer incidence in time. However, early detection would improve lung cancer prognosis in subjects at risk provided that specific markers could be identified. We previously reported that retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) expression was altered in lung tumors. RAR-beta gene status could be derived from corresponding allelotyping and immunohistochemistry data. We now report the continued study on lung cancer precursor lesions. Fluorescence PCR-based assays were used for allelotyping at the RAR/RXR loci of: (a) 66 lung precursor lesions found at the free resection margins of 41 patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer (+ 31 paired tumors); and (b) bronchial cells also found at the free resection margins from 16 current and 8 never smokers operated on for noncancerous diseases. Three microsatellites located at 3p14-21 and 9p21 were also used for interwork comparison. Immunohistochemistry was additionally performed to evaluate P53 and RAR-beta expression in precursor lesions. Chi2 tests showed significant differences (P < 0.05) when comparing the results obtained from never smokers, smokers, squamous metaplasia, dysplasia + in situ carcinoma, and tumors. Microsatellite changes occurred frequently in all samples, but without specificity for any group (P < 0.08-0.52). They were globally correlated with tobacco exposure (P < 0.04), for which the RAR-gamma marker appeared as a preferential target (P < 0.004). Few reparation error phenotypes were observed, mostly at the RXR-alpha and RXR-gamma markers for which combined changes were also linearly increasing from never smokers to dysplasia + in situ carcinoma (P < 0.05 and P < 0.03). RAR-beta marker losses also increased from the first to the last group studied (P < 0.01), with a concomitant decrease in RAR-beta protein expression and correlated p53 increased immunoreactivity (P < 0.02). Losses at 3p14, 3p21, and P16 were frequent, but no significant differences between groups could be found. Unexpectedly, high constitutive homozygosity was observed near the RAR-alpha locus in squamous cell lung cancer cases. RARs/RXRs form homodimers or heterodimers involved in ligand binding. Their added alterations could result in a state of functional vitamin A deficiency in the affected bronchial cells. Further deletion events drawn from a limited repertoire of specific regions such as 3p14-21 and 9p21 could subsequently drive the deficient cells to invasive carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor alterations in lung cancer precursor lesions. 1085 Apr 30

The aims of the study were to assess the degree of ploidy and determine whether it had any influence on the remission time and survival of surgically treated patients with squamous cell lung cancer. The results were then related to the clinical staging, grading, size and location of the tumor. Tissue samples of squamous cell lung carcinoma (n=80) resected between 1995 and 1996 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at University of Medical Sciences in Poznan were prepared using the modified Hedley's method. The measurements were made by means of a Cytoron Absolute flow cytometer. Abnormal (aneuploid) DNA was found in 45% of the tumors. In the 2-year observation period significantly more patients with aneuploid tumors died (75%) than those with diploid tumors (43.2%), P<0.05. No significant correlation was found between the ploidy and frequency of metastasis to regional lymph nodes, tumor size, location or grading. Estimation of the DNA content in cancer cells appears to be a significant prognostic factor. Furthermore measurement of the DNA content can be useful after surgery to estimate the risk of recurrence.
Lung Cancer 2000 Sep
PMID:The prognostic value of DNA content analysis in patients with squamous cell lung cancer treated surgically. 1099 18

The relationship between aflatoxins and liver cancer is well established. In addition the inhalation exposure to carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB 1) is considerable. Genotoxic chemical is known to react with DNA either directly or after metabolic activation to form adducts, a step thought to be relevant with respect to chemical carcinogenesis. The presence and the amount of specific DNA adducts provide a good indication of chemical exposure and genetic damage resulting the exposure to carcinogens and account for same of factors affecting individual susceptibility to cancer. Analysis of DNA adducts requires that the sensitivity of the methods to be sufficient high to allow detection of about 1 adduct/109 normal nucleotides. Most suitable method is based in physiochemical technique such as HPLC. Because circumstantial epidemiological evidence suggests that AFB1 inhalation may cause primary lung cancer. We investigate AFB1 by HPLC in three different tobacco sources, and in 39 patients with compatible lung cancer or chronic bronchitis. The patients were divided by clinical manifestations in lung cancer (n: 25) and chronic bronchitis (n: 14). Twenty-three of 25 patients presented epidermoid lung cancer within smoking habit, and 2 of 25 presented adenocarcinoma without smoking habit. In chronic bronchitis group 12 of 14 cases presented smoking habit. The control PBS liquid was negative to AFB1; the different tobacco sources, a) Virginia of Jujuy, b) Brasilero and c) black of Salta presented AFB1 positive determinations respectively. The bronchial tissues obtained by lung biopsies presented positive AFB1 in lung epidermoid cancer at 0.68 +/- 0.82 mg/L. The adenocarcinoma presented AFB1 negative determinations. In chronic bronchitis patients with smoking habit (n: 12) presented AFB1 positive with a level less than the epidermoid lung cancer group, 0.21 +/- 0.109 mg/L, p < .025.
 ...
PMID:[Relationship between lung cancer and aflatoxin B1]. 1118 61

We experienced a rare case of endotracheal metastasis derived from squamous cell lung cancer. The patient was 56 year-old male whose primary lung cancer of the left upper lobe was completely resected. Pathological diagnosis indicated stage IIB and he underwent two cycles of chemotherapy with CDDP + VDS. He had been asymptomatic thereafter, however, two years postoperative chest CT revealed a nodular lesion of the anterior carinal wall. Bronchofiberoptic examination showed same as CT finding and its brushing cytology confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. WE successfully resected his endotracheal metastatic lesion and reconstructed by direct sutures assisted by PCPS (Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Support System). His postoperative course was uneventful. Majority of the reported cases of endotracheal metastases were treated conservatively as radiation, laser and/or chemotherapy. We conclude that PCPS is useful device for surgical management for selected cases.
 ...
PMID:[Successful resection of endotracheal metastatic lung cancer using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support system: a case report]. 1119 4


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>