Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has been applied to treat patients with various pulmonary diseases. Recent advances in video endoscopic instruments have been enabled radical resection of pulmonary malignancies as minimally invasive surgery. Forty patients with primary lung cancer underwent several types of lung resection in the past 3 years at out unit. Of these, twenty-seven anatomical pulmonary resections were performed using VATS. Peripherally located, early-stage lung cancer is thought to be a potential candidate for curative surgery with video-assisted lobectomy. Although there are some pitfalls with VATS, sufficient mediastinal lymph node dissection is thought to be possible. Additionally, intrathoracic hyperthermic chemotherapy using video-assisted thoracoscope for both pleural disseminated lesion and malignant pleural effusion is described.
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PMID:[Video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer]. 908 81

In a controlled clinical trial we investigated 102 patients with malignant pleural effusion due to breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and other tumors to compare the therapeutic effect and adverse events of pleurodesis with bleomycin (BMC) or mitoxantrone (MIT) via chest tube. Finally 96 patients had been treated according to the protocol. Age, gender, Broca index, performance score or distribution of primary tumors were not statistically different between the BMC (n = 49) or MIT group (n = 47). We found no differences between intention-to-treat and according-to-protocol groups as well. 30 days after BMC pleurodesis we found remissions of the effusion in 91% of patients (complete remission [CR] 51%, partial remission [PR] 40%), after 90 days in 83% (40% CR, 43% PR). 30 days after MIT instillation we found remission in 73% of patients (35% CR, 38% PR), after 90 days in 61% (29% CR, 32% PR) (30 and 90 days: p < 0.05). Adverse events were not different between BMC and MIT group. BMC is a safe and effective sclerosing agent for pleurodesis via chest tube.
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PMID:[Pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusion: bleomycin vs. mitoxantrone]. 922 83

The present study investigates the nature of the immunosuppressed state of the lymphocytes obtained from the malignant pleural effusion (effusion associated lymphocytes, EAL) of lung cancer patients. The immunocompetence of EAL from 13 patients was assessed by determining their T-helper cell phenotype, proliferative response to alpha CD3-activation, and their cytolytic activity against three tumor targets: the autologous tumor, Daudi, and K562. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the lymphocytes in EAL were predominantly T cells with < 1% natural killer cells. The T-helper cell phenotype was found to be predominantly of Th2 type, but could be readily converted to Th1 type by culturing the EAL in vitro, and this conversion was augmented by interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IL-2 plus alpha CD3. To test the cytolytic activity of EAL, it was found that after 6-day culturing, the EAL remained in an immunosuppressed state so that they failed to kill any of the three tumor targets. Stimulation with IL-2 partially restored the immunocompetence of EAL. Further engagement of TCR-CD3 by alpha CD3 fully restored the cytolytic activity of the EAL to kill the autologous tumor target but not Daudi or K562 tumor cells, and thus seemed to be tumor specific. The specificity was further confirmed by testing the activated EAL and normal donor peripheral blood lymphocytes against a variety of tumor targets and control targets. Furthermore, the killing by EAL against the autologous tumor target seemed to be major histocompatibility complex-restricted and was inhibited by anti-human leukocyte antigen class I antibody. The EAL from lung cancer patients also showed much reduced responsiveness to the alpha CD3 stimulation to induce proliferation, and addition of IL-2 restored the responsiveness. These results suggest that, through close contact with tumor cells, anergy of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was induced in vivo at a localized site. IL-2 stimulation and TCR-CD3 engagement could reverse the anergic state and restored the full competence of CTLs in EAL to mediate the specific anti-tumor killing against the autologous tumor. Proper manipulation of EAL may prove useful as a source of anti-tumor effectors for cancer adoptive immunotherapy.
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PMID:Restoration of the immunocompetence by IL-2 activation and TCR-CD3 engagement of the in vivo anergized tumor-specific CTL from lung cancer patients. 933 42

The efficacy of systemic chemotherapy (CDDP + IFO + 5-FU or CDDP + IFO + CPT-11) was evaluated in 41 patients with malignant pleural effusion secondary to adenocarcinoma of the lung. The overall response rate for measurable disease was 56.1%. The response for pleural effusion was evaluated according to the criteria of the Japan Lung Cancer Society. The overall response for pleural effusion was 53.7% (34.1% CR and 19.5% PR). The median survival time was 361 days. These results suggested that systemic chemotherapy is an effective treatment for pleuritis carcinomatosa.
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PMID:[Efficacy of systemic chemotherapy in adenocarcinoma of the lung with pleuritis carcinomatosa]. 935 Feb 47

Malignant pleural effusion (PE) is a frequent problem in lung cancer. In this study, we established a model of malignant PE of human adenocarcinoma cells, PC-14, in SCID mice. Intravenously injected PC-14 cells formed colonies in the lungs as early as week 4 after tumor inoculation, and produced bloody PE in all recipient SCID mice by week 8. Pretreatment of SCID mice with anti-mouse IL-2 receptor beta chain antibody (TM-beta 1) to deplete natural killer (NK) cells markedly promoted the production of bloody PE and metastases to multiple organs, such as the lungs, liver, kidneys, and lymph nodes 4 weeks after tumor inoculation. Histological studies indicated that PC-14 cells formed colonies in the lungs, and then invaded the pleura and spread to the pleural cavity. To establish cell lines with a high potential to produce PE, we harvested PE, expanded the tumor cells in vitro, and injected them into SCID mice again. By four in vivo selection cycles in this way we obtained PC-14-PM4 cells, which produce lung metastases and PE earlier than PC-14 cells. The survival of SCID mice inoculated with PC-14-PM4 cells was significantly shorter than that of mice inoculated with PC-14 cells. The expressions of adhesion molecules, such as CD44, CD49d, ICAM-1, and MHC class I, on PC-14-PM4 cells tended to increase compared with PC-14 cells. These changes of adhesion molecules seem to be one of possible mechanisms involved in higher metastatic potential of PC-14-PM4 cells. PE models with PC-14 and PC-14-PM4 cells should be useful for biological and preclinical studies on malignant PE produced by human lung cancer.
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PMID:Model of malignant pleural effusion of human lung adenocarcinoma in SCID mice. 956 4

The International Staging System for Lung Cancer has been revised recently. Important changes have been made to allow better correlation of prognoses and direction of management. The classification of synchronous pulmonary nodules in the same lobe as the primary tumor as T4 stage IIIB may imply a poorer outcome than is warranted, while the designation of a similar stage for malignant pleural effusion may not be reflective of the very poor prognosis associated with this extent of disease.
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PMID:The 1997 International Staging System for non-small cell lung cancer: have all the issues been addressed? 992 91

The presence and possible role of interleukin (IL)-10 were examined in malignant pleural effusion due to lung cancer. In 37 out of 55 cases examined, IL-10 was detectable in pleural effusion and the mean level with standard error was 62.1+/-12.1 pg/ ml. Spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide-induced production of anti-tumor cytokines such as IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, by pleural macrophages, obtained from five patients with malignant pleurisy, were suppressed by IL-10. These findings suggest that IL-10 is present in the tumor-growing site and acts as a suppressive factor of local anti-tumor immunity in humans.
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PMID:Presence and potent immunosuppressive role of interleukin-10 in malignant pleural effusion due to lung cancer. 1021 35

Nine patients with malignant pleural effusion due to lung cancer had been scheduled for hyperthermic treatment with warmed distilled water (40 degrees C) under thoracoscopy. This treatment aims to produce adhesion of the lungs to reduce pleural effusion. To evaluate the risk of general anesthesia for patients with lung cancer at the end stage, we examined the problems of perioperative management. Seven out of nine patients were classified into ASA physical status > or = III and seven patients into Hugh Jones > or = III Shapiro's score was > or = 5 in four patients. The average %VC was 60 +/- 16 and % FEV1.0 was 41 +/- 18% (means +/- SE). A double lumen endotracheal tube was inserted and anesthesia was maintained with inhalational anesthetics. In two cases, one-lung ventilation could not be maintained because of severe hypoxemia during hyperthermic perfusion. Hypertension occurred in three cases and hypotension in one by direct heat stimulation of the cardiopulmonary system. Although their preoperative risk was poor, there were no major complications and the quality of life was improved. We stress that careful anesthetic management is important for avoiding hypoxemia and hemodynamic instability during this treatment.
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PMID:[Anesthetic management of patients with malignant pleural effusion undergoing hyperthermic perfusion under thoracoscopy]. 1038 May 7

The presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was examined by enzyme immunoassay in 60 cytology-documented malignant pleural effusions associated with primary lung cancer and 51 other benign and malignant pleural effusions. Exudative pleural effusions contained significantly higher amounts of VEGF than transudative pleural effusions. Among exudative pleural effusions, levels of VEGF in malignant pleural effusions associated with lung cancer were significantly higher than those of benign exudative pleural effusions. There was no significant difference in pleural VEGF in patients with different histological types or clinical stages of lung cancer. Serial measurement of pleural VEGF levels was performed in six lung cancer patients treated with intrapleural instillation of recombinant interferon gamma, and reduction of pleural effusion was associated with decreasing pleural VEGF levels. These findings suggest that VEGF has a role in the accumulation of exudative pleural effusions, especially that of malignant pleural effusion associated with lung cancer.
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PMID:Vascular endothelial growth factor in malignant pleural effusion associated with lung cancer. 1050 53

We examined changes in cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) levels in relation to the T factor in 64 non-small cell N2M0 lung cancer patients. Although a correlation between the levels and T factor was found (rho=0.627, p<0.0001), there was no difference between the levels in T3 and T4. Serum CYFRA 21-1 levels increased in the order of the following groups: the limited tumor group (T1+T2: n=28), the group with tumor extending to the pleura or chest wall (T3: n=13), and the group with tumor invading into the mediastinum (T4: n=12). The level was lower in the group with malignant pleural effusion (T4: n=11) than in the group with tumor invading into the mediastinum (6.7+/-4.7 ng/ml vs. 12.2+/-8.1 ng/ml, p=0.0046). We suspect that the presence of malignant pleural effusion is not directly related to the three-dimensional expansion of the tumor and this is a reason why CYFRA 21-1 levels in T4 are not higher than those in T3.
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PMID:Serum cytokeratin 19 fragment levels in non-small cell lung cancer patients according to T factor in the TNM classification. 1052 67


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