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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The application of current knowledge and technology could dramatically improve the survival rate in both lung cancer and COPD, even before physicians and other health workers are finally able to convince the population that both personal and environmental tobacco smoke must be eliminated to begin to reduce the premature morbidity and mortality from lung cancer, airflow obstruction, and other smoking-related diseases such as heart attack and stroke.
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PMID:Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 920 9

A person is believed to choose a health related behavioral alternative based on his/her perception of the health risk. This survey tried to clarify the structure of perceptions relating to risk of death, which seems to be the most fundamental among various health risks. A survey was performed in 1995 on 350 employees of two major companies. Subjects were shown two paired causes of death and asked which diseases caused deaths more frequently in the Japanese. Diseases included cancer, cerebral apoplexy, heart disease, traffic accident, tuberculosis, and lung cancer. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Generally, the order of perceived risk for each cause of death was similar to the real death numbers. 2. While traffic accidents tended to be overestimated for its risk, the risk perception for heart disease and cancer tended to be underestimated. 3. Young people tended to overestimate the risk of traffic accidents more than older people. Based on these results, it is suggested that people tend to overestimate current risks, and to underestimate future risks. This may contribute to the improvement of risk communication between health care providers and residents/patients.
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PMID:[A survey of cognitive probability structure of risk of death by cause]. 939 13

The curative potential of bronchoscopic intervention, e.g. photodynamic therapy (PDT) and brachytherapy, for resectable radiographically occult lung cancer has been reported previously. Bronchoscopic electrocautery is currently feasible using an insulated flexible bronchoscope to coagulate and vaporize tumour tissue. Since the lesions are usually small, noninvasive bronchoscopic electrocautery may be able to eradicate radiographically occult lung cancer completely. In a prospective study, 13 patients with 15 radiographically occult lung cancer lesions were treated with bronchoscopic electrocautery. The duration of follow-up was > or = 16 months. The median age of the patients was 69 yrs (range 48-79 yrs). Fibreoptic bronchoscopy under local anaesthesia was used to coagulate the occult lung cancer. Approximately 30 W of energy was applied until visible necrosis of the tumour area became apparent. There were no immediate complications. In 10 patients with 12 lesions, a complete response (CR) was obtained (CR rate 80%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 52-96%). Median duration of follow-up was 21 months (range 16-43 months). Bronchoscopic electrocautery did not obtain a CR in the remaining three patients, but PDT also failed to achieve CR. Two patients underwent radical resection, and the tumours were histologically confirmed to be more invasive. One patient received external radiotherapy. Three patients with a CR died during follow-up, two as a result of myocardial infarction and apoplexy, and one because of metastasis from his previously resected T3N1 primary large cell cancer. Current data show bronchoscopic electrocautery to be equally effective and potentially as curative as photodynamic therapy for treating patients with radiographically occult lung cancer. Obvious advantages are that it is an inexpensive and simple procedure, which does not cause photosensitivity.
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PMID:Radiographically occult lung cancer treated with fibreoptic bronchoscopic electrocautery: a pilot study of a simple and inexpensive technique. 954 88

The authors compared interview reports with hospitalization records of participants in a nationally representative survey to determine the accuracy of self-reports of ischemic heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, ulcers, cataract, hip fracture, colon polyps, and cancers of the colon, breast, prostate, and lung. The study cohort consisted of 10,523 participants from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1971-1975 who were aged 25-74 years at the baseline examination and who completed a follow-up interview in 1982-1984. Self-reports of hospitalization for breast cancer were confirmed as accurate for 100% of cases where a hospital record was available. Self-report accuracy was also high for ischemic heart disease (84%), cataract (83%), and hip fracture (81%); it was moderate for lung cancer (78%), prostate cancer (75%), gallbladder disease (74%), colon cancer (71%), and stroke (67%); but it was low for ulcers (54%) and colon polyps (32%). Some of the self-reports of ulcers (20%), hip fracture (9%), ischemic heart disease (7%), and stroke (7%) were found to reflect diagnoses of other conditions of anatomic proximity. Accuracy of self-reports improved with higher levels of education, but was not generally related to age, gender, race, alcohol use, or smoking. The results suggest that self-reports of some diseases can be taken as accurate, but self-reports of other conditions might require medical record verification in epidemiologic follow-up studies.
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PMID:Validity of self-reported diagnoses leading to hospitalization: a comparison of self-reports with hospital records in a prospective study of American adults. 959 75

"This article describes the long-term consequences of successful cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and its influence on premature mortality in Finland, with special reference to North Karelia.... Among men there was a great reduction in deaths from CHD [coronary heart disease], CVD, cancer, and all causes in the whole country. From 1969-71 to 1995 the age-standardized CHD mortality...decreased in North Karelia by 73%...and nationwide by 65%.... The reduction in CVD mortality was of the same magnitude. Among men, CHD mortality decreased in the 1970s, as did lung cancer mortality in the 1980s and 1990s, significantly more in North Karelia than in all of Finland. Among women there was a great reduction in CVD (including CHD and stroke) mortality and all-causes mortality, but only a small reduction in cancer mortality." (EXCERPT)
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PMID:Changes in premature deaths in Finland: successful long-term prevention of cardiovascular diseases. 980 93

The variations in the Health of the Nation (HoN) key areas among ethnic minorities living in England and Wales are examined, based on a national mortality study by country of birth for the latest possible period (1988-1992). It addresses the 10 mortality indicators in the HoN White Paper (covering coronary heart disease [CHD] and stroke, cancers, mental illness and accidents), using age-standardised rates adjusted to the European Standard Population. The findings establish variations in the recent health experience of ethnic minorities born outside England and Wales who are now living in England and Wales. CHD among persons aged under 65 years was highest in those born in the Indian Subcontinent, 55% above the normal rate in England and Wales. Caribbeans, and African groups experienced the lowest rates. Stroke mortality under 65 years-of-age was highest in Bangladeshis, followed by other Commonwealth Africans, and then by Caribbeans. Patterns of cancer deaths also varied, with breast cancer mortality rates being lower in all ethnic groups, and lowest in those born in the Indian Subcontinent. By contrast, lung cancer deaths were higher in Irish men and women; lung cancer mortality among Bangladeshi men was significantly higher than Indians and Pakistanis, being only 15% less than that of the rates in England and Wales. Suicides were lowest in Bangladeshis and Pakistanis and highest among Indians and the Irish. Accidental deaths in children were highest in Pakistanis followed by the Irish, who also experienced higher rates among young persons. It is suggested that the HoN strategy should consider setting appropriate and achievable targets, including ones in new areas of relevance to these groups. The National Health Service purchaser/provider framework should respond to the needs of its populations, including ethnic groups.
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PMID:Ethnicity and variations in the nation's health. 1016 21

Diseases of the cardiovascular system such as coronary heart disease, hypertesion, peripheral occlusive arterial disease, and their final or lethal states (acute myocardial infarction, apoplectic stroke, congestive heart failure) occur 3 to 4 times more frequently than lung cancer in heavy smokers. Cigarette smoking impairs the courses of the microcirculation by an elevated viscosity of the blood or plasma, by a diminished deformability of the red blood cells, by elevated white cell counts, by activation of several blood clotting factors such as factor XIII and von Willebrand factor, by an elevated aggregability of the blood platelets, and by an increased uptake of fibrinogen into the endothelium of the blood vessels. After cessation of smoking these effects are widely normalized even though nicotine is still administered. Proposals for the cessation of smoking and for the use of nicotine replacement (patch, chewing gum, etc.) were offered because the inhaled tobacco smoke mainly damages health while the smokers are addicted only by nicotine. A less restrictive distribution of nicotine preparations for replacement therapy should enable the heavy smoker in his first phase of smoking cessation to combine the nicotine administration with reduced cigarette smoking. Each decrease in the carbon monoxide content of the expired air with subsequent decrease in the carboxyhemoglobin content of the blood possibly diminishes the risk of cardiovascular events. This way of treatment gives new opportunities for the treatment of the smoking patient for every physician.
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PMID:[Smoking, cardiovascular diseases and possibilities for treating nicotine dependence]. 1019 69

The purpose of this study was to estimate severity-specific mortality and to quantify the global health burden of dementia by assessing the time spent disabled with dementia and the life years lost due to dementia. We used mortality data from the Rotterdam study, a population-based prospective study in the 55+-year age range to calculate overall and severity-specific excess mortality for the demented. Lost life years were calculated by decomposing the (mixed) Dutch life table of 1990-1992 in two populations, the demented and the healthy, using prevalence and excess (all cause) mortality. Healthy life loss was calculated by a modified Sullivan technique, weighting for disease severity. Our results indicated that mortality was increased in the demented, in all age, sex, and severity groups. Mortality rate ratios were 2.1 (men) and 2.3 (women), with ranges of 1.7-3.4 (men) and 2.0-3.1 (women), depending on severity. Fifty-five-year-old men lose 1.2 life years due to morbidity and mortality and 0.7 life years due to mortality resulting from dementia. Women lose 3.1 and 1.9 life years, respectively. This population-based study provides evidence that mortality is increased in the demented at all stages, including minimal dementia. The quantified health impact on the general population is in the same order as that of lung cancer or stroke.
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PMID:Burden of mortality and morbidity from dementia. 1048 78

A pilot study on squamous cell lung carcinoma (LC) chemosensitivity in adenosine triphosphate cell viability chemosensitivity assay (ATP-CVA) was performed. Besides the histological investigation, a modified ATP-CVA was used for the analysis of cancer cell chemosensitivity to four drug regimens, including topotecan, a promising agent for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) chemotherapy. Results of in vitro chemosensitivity testing showed chemoresistance or only weak response in the predominant amount of tumors.
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PMID:Lack of squamous cell lung carcinoma in vitro chemosensitivity to various drug regimens in the adenosine triphosphate cell viability chemosensitivity assay. 1054 31

We estimated the mortality from various diseases caused by cigarette smoking using two methods and compared the results. In one method, the "Prevent" model is used to simulate the effect on mortality of the prevalence of cigarette smoking derived retrospectively. The other method, suggested by R. Peto et al (Lancet 1992;339:1268-1278), requires data on mortality from lung cancer among people who have never smoked and among smokers, but it does not require data on the prevalence of smoking. In the Prevent model, 33% of deaths among men and 23% of those among women in 1993 from lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, ischemic heart disease, and stroke were caused by cigarette smoking. In the method proposed by Peto et al, 35% of deaths among men and 25% of deaths among women from these causes were estimated to be attributable to cigarette smoking. The differences between the two methods are small and appear to be explicable. The Prevent model can be used for more general scenarios of effective health promotion, but it requires more data than the Peto et al method, which can be used only to estimate mortality related to smoking.
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PMID:Estimating mortality due to cigarette smoking: two methods, same result. 1087 49


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