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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1951 to 1971 male doctors reduced their cigarette smoking more than did men in social classes I and II combined. In 1970-2, 665 male doctors died aged under 65. Had they shown the same improvements in cause-specific death rates over the 20 years as men in classes I and II, 699 deaths would have been expected. This "saving" of 34 deaths in the doctors comprised savings from coronary heart disease (83), stroke (16), and lung cancer (8) balanced by 60 "losses" from three stress-related causes--namely, accident, poisonings, etc (30); suicide (26); and cirrhosis of the liver (4)--plus 13 from other causes. As a relative reduction in mortality from heart disease in doctors (as compared with that in social classes I and II) also occurred during 1931-51--that is, before they began to give up smoking--some of the saving in heart-disease deaths in 1951-71 was probably not related to changes in smoking habits. The relative worsening in mortality from stress-related diseases may have been due partly to a possible adverse effect of giving up smoking if smoking had acted to reduce stress. From these findings, the benefits of giving up smoking may not be so great as has commonly been assumed.
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PMID:Has the mortality of male doctors improved with the reductions in their cigarette smoking? 53 59

The association of cigarette smoking and atherosclerorosis was investigated in 1320 autopsied men, 25--64 years of age. Aortic and coronary lesions were evaluated visually in coded specimens and objectively by analysis of radiographs. Using schedules that had been tested on pairs of living persons, interviewers obtained estimates of cigarette smoking habits of the deceased men from surviving relatives. Data were analysed for black and white men in the total sample of cases and also in groups according to the presence (selected disease group) or absence (basal group) of diseases thought to be associated with smoking (emphysema, lung cancer, etc.) or with coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, etc.). Atherosclerotic involvement of aorta and coronary arteries was greatest in heavy smokers and least in nonsmokers for both races in the total sample of cases, the basal group and the selected disease group.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking and atherosclerosis in autopsied men. 126 63

There is accumulating evidence that free radicals may contribute to various diseases such as cancer or cardiovascular disease. Possible health hazards can to some extent be prevented by the body's multilevel defense system against free radicals, which comprises, besides others, antioxidant vitamins. The 12-year mortality follow-up of 2,974 participants of the Basal Study allowed to test the hypothesis that low antioxidant vitamin plasma concentrations (vitamin A, C, E and carotene) were associated with increased death from cancer of various sites and death from atherosclerosis such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, respectively. For the analysis 204 cancer cases, 132 fatalities from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 31 deaths from cerebral vascular disease were available. Cancer mortality. Overall mortality from cancer was associated with low mean plasma levels of carotene adjusted for cholesterol (p less than 0.01) and of vitamin C (p less than 0.01). Bronchus and stomach cancers were associated with a low mean plasma carotene level (p less than 0.01). Subjects with subsequent stomach cancer had also lower mean vitamin C and lipid-adjusted vitamin A levels than survivors (p less than 0.05). Calculating the relative risk with exclusion of mortality during the first two years of follow-up, low plasma carotene was associated with an increased risk for bronchus cancer (RR 1.8, p less than 0.05), and the small number of stomach cancer cases (RR 2.95, p less than 0.05) low plasma levels of carotene and vitamin A with all cancer types (RR 2.47, p less than 0.01), and low plasma retinol in older subjects (greater than 60 years) with lung cancer (RR 2.17, p less than 0.05). Studies in other cohorts with a poor vitamin E status revealed an increased risk of subsequent cancer at low vitamin E levels as well. It is concluded that low plasma levels of all major essential antioxidants are associated with an increased risk of subsequent cancer mortality. Cardio-vascular mortality. Plasma carotene concentration below quartile 1 was associated with an increased risk for IHD (RR 1.53, p = 0.02). The same was true for low levels of both carotene and vitamin C (RR = 1.96, p = 0.022). The risk of cerebrovascular death was elevated in subjects with low carotene in the presence of low vitamin C plasma concentration (RR 4.17, p less than 0.01). These data confirm and extend recent findings on an inverse correlation of beta-carotene and vitamin C respectively to CVD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Inverse correlation between essential antioxidants in plasma and subsequent risk to develop cancer, ischemic heart disease and stroke respectively: 12-year follow-up of the Prospective Basel Study. 145 Jun

In the past twenty years autopsies are performed much less frequently in the elderly than in younger patients. The clinical diagnostic error rate documented by autopsy studies ranges from 6% to 68%. We analyzed the clinical and autopsy records of 214 patients who died from 1 January 1986 to 31 December 1989 at our Institute to determine the accuracy of clinical cause of death with respect to the pathologic cause of death. The most common cause of death were bronchopneumonia (25.2%) followed by gastroenteric and lung cancer (20%), cerebrovascular accident (15.8%), myocardial infarction (8%) and pulmonary embolism (7.4%). Pulmonary embolism was correctly classified only in 25% of patients. The most accurately diagnosed condition were neoplastic diseases (88%) and cerebrovascular accident (84.8%) while bronchopneumonia were correctly diagnosed antemortem in 72.2% of the patients studied. Our data suggest that advances in diagnostic technology have not reduced the value of the autopsy and that a goal-directed autopsy remains a vital component in the assurance of good medical care.
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PMID:[An autopsy study of patients who died at the Medical Clinic of the University of Siena from 1986 to 1989]. 162 9

This study is to calculate a risk of lung cancer in a cohort of 1411 sarcoidosis cases which were followed for a 3 year period from 1984 to 1987. The physicians were requested to answer the questionnaire about progress of the disease by mail. Excess death was investigated using standardized mortality ratio (SMR). The expected number of deaths was calculated from Japanese sex-age specific mortality rate in 1985, using person-year method. Death from all causes and cancers did not show any excess. SMR being 0.98 and 0.97 respectively. The SMR of lung cancer was 3.26 (male: 5.56, female: 3.03), being statistically significant. The SMR of lung infection was 4.2, with statistical significance. The SMR of other main causes of death in Japan i.e., cerebrovascular accident, ischemic heart diseases and heart failure was less than 0.88. It is probably that sarcoidosis is a risk factor of lung cancer. The SMR of leukemia and uterine cancer was 5.88 and 8.70, respectively, though the observed number of leukemia was too small to conclude how high the cancer risk is among sarcoidosis patients. Gastric cancer, hepatic cancer and colon cancers were not observed.
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PMID:Excess death of lung cancer among sarcoidosis patients. 166 41

The laser palliation of patients with unresectable lung cancer has an acceptable complication rate. Perforation, bleeding, and pneumothorax are the main complications described. Cardiovascular morbidity has been reported to be 1% in six surgical series and has been attributed to general anesthetics or hypoxia. However, one very recent anesthesia study described a 25% incidence, and two case reports inferred an air embolism. We reviewed 62 patients who have undergone 111 treatments for endobronchial carcinoma. Eight manifested perioperative cardiac or cerebral events. Five of the eight developed bradycardia; four experienced progression to intraoperative cardiac arrest. Other electrocardiographic abnormalities appeared and resolved within 24 hours. Four patients developed stroke and electrocardiographic changes. Two of these resolved spontaneously within 1 month. Early computed tomography in one patient showed intracerebral air. These data indicate that patient disease or hypoxemia is not sufficient to explain intraoperative cardiac and postoperative cerebral changes. Air embolism to the cerebral circulation occurs during laser bronchoscopy. Reduced cooling air flow, return to helium fiber cooling, or reversion to photodynamic therapy is indicated.
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PMID:Cardio-cerebrovascular complications from Nd:YAG laser treatment of lung cancer. 167 Feb 39

Patients with both resectable lung cancer and coronary artery disease require preoperative cardiac evaluation in order to determine and prevent the surgical risk and to discuss the desirability of preventive myocardial revascularization. The results of thoracic surgery in coronary disease patients have been studied in a series of 51 patients operated upon for lung cancer at the Marie Lannelongue hospital, Paris, between 1985 and 1988. Thirty-two patients underwent non invasive exploration prior to surgery (exertion ECG in 22, myocardial radioisotope scanning in 10); 35 patients had coronary arteriography at the last moment, and 9 asymptomatic patients with an old history of myocardial infarction had no specific exploration. Forty-nine patients had lung surgery alone, preceded in 5 cases by percutaneous coronary angioplasty; one patient had pulmonary surgery and coronary surgery simultaneously, and another patient had coronary surgery first, later followed by lung surgery. No perioperative death was due to cardiovascular causes. A 75-year old male patient died of respiratory failure 30 days after lobectomy. The postoperative period was totally uneventful in 39 patients. No perioperative myocardial infarction was recorded; 4 patients experienced an episode of thoracic pain with ECG signs of myocardial infarction but no rise in serum enzyme concentrations. One patient had a cerebral vascular accident responsible for hemiplegia. Two late sudden deaths, probably of cardiac origin, occurred 4 and 11 months respectively after surgery. The actuarial survival rate at 3 months was 48 percent. In all survivors, the coronary symptoms were controlled by medical treatment. It seems, therefore, that perioperative complications in this type of patient can be avoided by preoperative evaluation of the coronary disease and by preventive myocardial revascularization in case of critical coronary stenosis.
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PMID:[Lung resection for cancer in coronary patients. Immediate and medium-term results. Retrospective study in a series of 51 patients]. 182 64

Age-adjusted mortality rates for lung cancer (LC) in the United States from 1968 to 1986 were subjected to longitudinal Gompertzian analysis. Age-adjusted LC mortality rate distributions between age 20 and 50 years were determined by a variable environmental factor and a common intersect point. The environmental factor declined (improved) 1.89-fold for men and 3.11-fold for women in 1986 as compared to 1968. The age at the common intersect point was 47.2 years for men and 39.1 years for women. Between 1968 and 1986, the non-age-standardized annual crude LC mortality rate increased 44.8% for men and 217.6% for women. Longitudinal Gompertzian analysis of LC mortality data suggests that the rising LC mortality rates in the United States are the natural consequence of competitive deterministic mortality dynamics and not a reflection of an environment that is directly more conductive to LC mortality. That is, more people are dying of LC because they are not dying from other diseases such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. Longitudinal Gompertzian analysis demonstrates that single disease mortality should not be studied in isolation, but rather examined in relation to other causes of death. When viewed from this perspective, the basis for the more dramatic rise in LC mortality in women becomes immediately evident.
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PMID:Longitudinal Gompertzian analysis of lung cancer mortality in the U.S., 1968-1986. Rising lung cancer mortality is the natural consequence of competitive deterministic mortality dynamics. 189 Aug 88

In surgical treatment for lung cancer, large amount of intrabronchial sputum and secretion was occasionally encountered in patients, especially underwent bronchoplastic surgery. It has been discussed as causes which was affected from transection of pulmonary branches of vagal nerve and bronchial arteries. So we have measured pre- and postoperative hemodynamics and extravascular lung water (EVLW) at the bedside, as to investigate the correlation with formyl sputum and increase of right ventricular afterload which was presumed by lung resection and bronchoplasty. Respiratory complication was classified by the incidence of forced bronchial toilet in acute phase. Seven patients were investigated. Three of seven showed white sputum which was difficult to excrete. EVLW was 9.91 +/- 2.12 ml/kg in average before operation and then showed a tendency to increase within 102 +/- 29% of percent exchange (delta %) between pre- and postoperation. As to comparison of delta % of EVLW in acute period, the patients underwent bronchoplastic surgery showed a tendency to increase rather than the patients underwent lobectomy. According to former studies, we found the uniform correlation R = 0.7075 between observed EVLW and predicted postoperative EVLW estimated by prediction of residual functioning lung volume before operation. And also, the patients showing postoperative EVLW more than predicted EVLW before operation had a tendency to increase amount of sputum. Furthermore, concerning hemodynamic changes, pulmonary arterial resistance index (PARI) elevated to 196 +/- 165% (83-515%) in average associated with increased right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) as a result of compensatory changes for increased right cardiac afterload.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on increased sputum after bronchoplastic surgery for lung cancer in correlation with hemodynamics and extravascular lung water]. 205 Oct 99

In the fall of 1959 the American Cancer Society began a comprehensive epidemiologic investigation of more than one million men and women drawn mainly from the middle-class population. The study reported here presents a portion of the investigation relating to the mortality among 49,469 subjects who attained age 75 years and older during the course of the study. Both men and women who at entry into this study (1960) were judged to be in good health registered distinctly lower mortality than those judged to be in poor health. Men and women with some college education had significantly lower death rates than those with lesser schooling. Men and women who reported a good family history of longevity showed consistently lower death rates in each five-year age group than those with average or poor family history of longevity. Persons with an average family history of longevity generally had lower death rates than those with a poor family history of longevity. Analysis of mortality by cause indicated that at ages 75 and older nearly half the deaths were attributed to all forms of heart disease. Coronary heart disease accounted for about 35 percent of all deaths, with the proportion decreasing with age. Deaths from stroke rose from 15 to about 20 percent with increase in age. Deaths from all sites of cancer declined with advancing age in both sexes, from about 16 percent of all deaths at ages 75 to 79 to about six percent at ages 90 to 99. Among men, cancer of the prostate accounted for 3.5 percent of deaths at ages 75 to 84, decreasing to about one half this proportion in the early-90s age group. Colorectal cancer decreased from about three percent of total deaths at ages 75 to 84 to about 1.5 percent in the early 90s. Lung cancer and stomach cancer remained at the same level at these ages.
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PMID:Mortality at ages 75 and older in the Cancer Prevention Study (CPS I). 211


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