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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Early studies of mortality among workers in the pottery industry indicated elevated mortality from tuberculosis and non-malignant respiratory disease. Although raw materials and production processes have changed very little some fibrous materials such as talc have been introduced into the industry during the past 20 to 30 years. This prompted a mortality study of pottery workers to examine patterns of fatal disease among individuals exposed to dust particles during the production of ceramics. Deaths among active and retired pottery workers were identified from records of the international Brotherhood of Potters and Allied Workers (IBPAW). Underlying cause of death was determined from death certificates obtained from state vital records offices for 2924 white males and 946 white females who died between 1955 and 1977. Cause-specific Proportionate Mortality Ratios (PMRs) were calculated using the total United States as a standard. PMRs fro tuberculosis and non-malignant respiratory disease were elevated among males and females, particularly those whose occupations were associated with high levels of dust exposure. A significantly elevated frequency of lung cancer occurred exclusively among white males who had been employed in the manufacture of ceramic plumbing fixtures.
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PMID:A preliminary investigation of mortality among workers in the pottery industry. 709 68

Deaths for a 31-year period (1948-1978) were analyzed in a historical prospective cohort study of 655 white male talc workers. Death rates from all causes, from cancer of the respiratory system, and from nonmalignant respiratory disease were not significantly different from those of the U.S. white male population. However, significant differences for these causes of death were found among workers who had previous occupational histories. An analysis of the latency periods of the observed lung cancer suggests that exposure to an etiologic agent during previous work experience may play a role in the development of lung cancer.
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PMID:The mortality experience of upstate New York talc workers. 709 80

Information has been obtained on a cohort of 16,243 men employed for at least one year in the manufacture of paint or vanish after January 1, 1946, and for seven subgroups on the basis of exposure. These workers experienced a level of mortality that compares favorably with that of the U.S. white male population. The workers' pattern of mortality differed somewhat from the U.S. pattern, with considerably reduced mortality from psychiatric, metabolic, respiratory, and violent causes. There was an increased mortality due to bowel and rectal cancer. While the numbers are smaller, there are also increased rates for liver and skin cancer. Lung cancer rates, while not in excess of the national average, did not match the low mortality from nonmalignant, noninfectious respiratory disease. The authors have concluded that work in this industry presents no major health hazard.
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PMID:A general mortality study of production workers in the paint and coatings manufacturing industry. A preliminary report. 720 12

The mortality of men employed in a plant manufacturing nickel alloys from metallic nickel and other metals has been examined. The plant has operated since May 1953, and 1925 men were identified who had been employed in the operating areas at the plant, other than as members of the staff, for a total of five or more years, excluding breaks. Analysis of samples of air obtained from personal samplers showed that since 1975 most of the men are likely to have been exposed to average concentrations of nickel of between 0.5 and 0.9 mg Ni/m3. All but 22 (1.1%) of the men were successfully traced to 1 April 1978 or until they died or emigrated. One hundred and seventeen had died. The numbers of deaths observed from cancers of respiratory and other sites, other respiratory disease, ischaemic heart disease, and other causes of death were compared with the numbers expected from national and local mortality rates. No evidence of the existence of any occupational hazard was obtained. The number of deaths from lung cancer (15) in men employed for five years or more is small. At 98% of the number expected at local rates it is statistically compatible with risks of between 0.5 and 2.2 times "normal."
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PMID:Mortality of nickel workers: experience of men working with metallic nickel. 727 35

This report updates a previous proportional mortality study of deaths among members of the International Molders and Allied Workers Union and includes new findings from a nested case-referent study of lung cancer. Death certificates were obtained for 99.2% of the 3,013 deaths reported to the Union death benefits program between 1971 and 1975. With the use of age- and race-specific cause distributions of all male deaths in the United States for comparison, statistically significant excesses occurred for all malignant neoplasms, lund cancer, and nonmalignant respiratory disease among both the whites and blacks. White foundrymen also exhibited a statistically significant excess of respiratory tuberculosis. The lung cancer case-referent study found a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) odds ratio of 2.36 for workers in iron foundries when compared with workers in steel and nonferrous foundries for those who died before the age of 65. A much smaller odds ratio, 1.19, was found for those who died after the age of 64.
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PMID:Lung cancer and other mortality patterns among foundrymen. 733 Jun 26

To determine the effect of ethnic group on respiratory disease occurrence, average annual sex, ethnic, and disease specific mortality rates for the period of 1969 to 1977 were calculated for New Mexico's American Indian, Hispanic, and Anglo populations. Incidence data were available for respiratory tract cancer. This study corroborates previous findings of reduced mortality from lung cancer in American Indians of both sexes and in Hispanic males. American Indian mortality from tuberculosis and from influenza and pneumonia was high. Hispanic males and American Indians of both sexes showed low mortality rates for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Differing cigarette usage is the most obvious explanation for the variations in COPD and lung cancer occurrence with ethnic group.
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PMID:Respiratory disease mortality in New Mexico's American Indians and Hispanics. 737 19

Since 1900 respiratory disease has remained a constant serious cause of chronic ill health and premature death in Britain. The falling importance of tuberculosis and pneumonia has been off-set by the rise in lung cancer. Bronchitis morbidity and mortality have fallen only slightly since 1935. To produce any real improvement in the future existing information as to cause must be studied. The relative contribution of occupational exposure is compared with the importance of cigarette smoking. Relevant information is scanty and has been produced to emphasise the existence of occupational diseases rather than assess their importance to the community as whole. In Britain the evidence is that within the coal mining and iron and steel industries conditions are now such that dust exposure contributes little to the morbidity or mortality compared with the workers' smoking habits. Similar results have been shown by a cross-sectional survey of many dusty occupations in Western Germany. Only in the disappearing Welsh slate industry has dust disease been at least as important as smoking. Until the current regulations were introduced conditions existed among asbestos workers such that the combined effect of cigarette smoking and dust exposure led to a loss of life expectation of over 10 years in moderate smokers. Since the new regulations were introduced the risk for asbestos workers should approximate to that for other industrial workers. While control of occupational exposure to respiratory hazards remains important, a far greater improvement to respiratory health would be produced by controlling tobacco smoking.
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PMID:Relative importance of cigarette smoking in occupational lung disease. 747 Mar 98

Central to risk assessment for lung resection is the fact that surgery offers the only chance of long-term survival and cure in non-small carcinoma of the lung. The challenge is, therefore, to offer surgery to as many patients as possible, whilst avoiding the risk of death from postoperative respiratory failure. Risk assessment is based on careful evaluation of the patient's existing cardiac and respiratory disease. The use of a cardiac risk index, such as that described by Detsky, will ensure that cardiac risk factors are recognised and, where possible, ameliorated prior to surgery. Pre-existing respiratory disease may be assessed by arterial blood gas analysis, exercise testing, whole and regional lung function tests. Criteria based on these tests have been proposed to aid patient selection prior to lung resection. However, these criteria take no account of the beneficial influence on outcome of modern anaesthesia and postoperative care. The elimination of postoperative pain, along with techniques such as minitracheostomy and incentive spirometry have allowed surgery to be offered to many patients who would have been deemed unsuitable by standard criteria. Patients with potentially resectable lung cancer must never be arbitrarily excluded from surgery on the basis of any single criteria or test. Referral for assessment by an experienced team consisting of a thoracic physician, surgeon and anaesthetist will maximise the number of patients offered surgery for this otherwise incurable disease.
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PMID:Is this patient fit for thoracotomy and resection of lung tissue? 764 93

Sixty-three patients with limited or extensive small cell lung cancer (SCLC), were treated in the Department of Respiratory Diseases, Huddinge Hospital, between 1985 and 1990, with chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and etoposide (CAVE). The patients were analyzed retrospectively concerning dose intensity (DI) of the chemotherapy actually delivered during induction treatment, the response rate, toxicity and survival. The mean combined relative DI (CRDI) of the induction treatment, consisting of three chemotherapy courses, was 0.7 (projected CRDI = 1.0). The overall response rate was 57% and the median survival time was 291 days. We found a correlation between the combined relative DI (all four drugs together) and the response rate. Increasing the CRDI from the range of 0.28-0.6 to 0.76-0.90 resulted in an increase in the response rate from 35 to 90%. Toxicity was scarce, suggesting that the actual delivered chemotherapy had low intensity. No correlation was found between DI and toxicity or between the response rate and toxicity. A correlation between DI of this induction treatment and survival could not be established. Our findings suggest the utility of reporting the actual DI of chemotherapy trials in SCLC.
Lung Cancer 1994 Dec
PMID:Dose intensity of the CAVE regimen in small cell lung cancer correlates to response rate. 770 96

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the risk of lung cancer from asbestos exposure is confined to persons with radiographic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis. Occupational and smoking histories were obtained from 271 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary lung cancer and 678 referents (279 with other respiratory disease and 399 with cardiac disease). Histories were reviewed blind to assess the timing, duration, and probability of exposure to asbestos. To allow for a lag between asbestos exposure and the development of lung cancer, subjects were classified by the time they had spent in an occupation entailing definite or probable exposure more than 15 years before diagnosis. The presence and extent of fibrosis was assessed blindly from chest radiographs by three readers and scored for small opacities with the ILO 1989 International Classification of Radiographs of the Pneumoconioses. 93 (34.3%) cases had worked in an occupation with definite or probable asbestos exposure compared with 176 (25.8%) referents (crude odds ratio for lung cancer 1.49, 95% CI 1.09-2.04). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking history, and area of referral, the odds ratio (95% CI) was 2.03 (1.00-4.13) in the subgroup of 211 with a median ILO score for small parenchymal opacities of 1/0 or more, and 1.56 (1.02-2.39) in the 738 with a score of 0/1 or less (ie, those without radiological evidence of pulmonary fibrosis). These results suggest that asbestos is associated with lung cancer even in the absence of radiologically apparent pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:Is lung cancer associated with asbestos exposure when there are no small opacities on the chest radiograph? 767 17


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