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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Causes of death among 2,190 deceased operating engineers identified from the 1967 International Union of Operating Engineers death benefit listing were analyzed to determine if there were conditions occurring with unusual frequency that might be indicative of hazardous conditions in the work environment. The most striking finding was a three-fold excess of fatal accidents occurring at places other than the home or resident institution. The increased risk was evident in each of four regions of the country and at all ages under 65. Significant excesses in deaths from lung cancer and intestinal cancer were seen also. Comparative mortality from lung cancer was directly related to age, with the greatest increase (two-fold) occurring after age 75. There was no evidence of a greater than expected frequency of deaths from non-malignant respiratory disease among operating engineers.
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PMID:Causes of death among construction machinery operators. 55 80

Disorders of the respiratory tract account for about 13 percent of overall mortality in Switzerland, for about 50 percent of all hospital admissions and for about 7 percent of the nursing days. Cases of obstructive respiratory disease, pneumonia and carcinoma of the lung predominate. Morbidity regarding newly discovered cases of tuberculos is still 0.5 percent and 40 percent of the population are still positive reactors. BCG vaccination of newborns and of all tuberculin-negative schoolchildren is the approved prophylactic procedure. Periodic mass radiography of adults on a voluntary basis, aimed at the early diagnosis of pulmonary disorders, shows an incidence of 0.4/1 000 and of 0.3/1 000 for new cases of tuberculosis and lung cancer respectively. Cases of chronic obstructive respiratory disease who require hospitalization for above-average length and are frequently on sick leave present special sociomedical problems.
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PMID:[Epidemiological and socio-medical problems assoicated with respiratory disorders in Switzerland (author's transl)]. 69 52

Causes of death among 1,113 stationary engineers and firemen identified from union death benefit listings were analyzed to determine if there were conditions occurring with unusual frequency suggestive of exposure to hazards in the work environment. The relative frequencies of specific disease conditions in the study group were compared to the experience of the general population by the method of proportionate mortality. Deaths from cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx and cancer of the rectum occurred twice as often as expected, each result being statistically significant at the 5% level. Lung cancer deaths were 20% higher than expected overall, and consistently excessive in each of four geographic subdivisions of the United States. Mortality from coronary heart disease was elevated in each region, particularly at ages under 55. No increase in the relative frequency of deaths from nonmalignant respiratory disease was found nor were fatal accidents more frequent than expected. Some of the findings may be important in view of potential exposure to carbon monoxide and several carcinogenic materials for these occupational groups.
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PMID:Mortality by cause among stationary engineers and stationary firemen. 90 42

Epidemiological and clinical studies organized by the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Research Institute, Prague, revealed that the main high-risk factors associated with the incidence of lung cancer in Czechoslovakia are as follows: are and sex, heavy cigarette smoking, persistent cough, expectoration and other symptoms of chronic respiratory disease, and lung lesions of tuberculosis or probably tuberculosis origin. The methods used in Czechoslovakia for lung cancer detection include photofluorography, which has been combined in some investigations with a standard questionnaire eliciting smoking habits and symptoms of respiratory disease. Cytological sputum investigation in suspicion to lung cancer was found to be a useful contribution to the diagnosis. The systematic dispensary control of persons with bronchogenic carcinoma or at high risk for this disease is provided by polyclinic Departments for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases of the District Institutes of National Health in collaboration with general physicians, oncological and other specialized departments. Further studies on methods for detection and dispensary control of lung cancer high-risk groups represent an important research task.
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PMID:[Detection and dispensary care of groups of persons at increased risk of bronchogenic cancer disease in Czechoslovakia]. 91 Apr 26

Occupational groups are often described as being relatively healthy because their mortality rates are lower than those of the national average. Although correct this confuses the issue for those who are interested in assessing the effects of exposure to a particular chemical. In a further analysis of data collected in a study of all men ever exposed to vinyl chloride monomer in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride in Great Britain, three factors have been shown to contribute to the low mortality rates that were observed. The three factors: the selection of a healthy population for employment, the survival in the industry of the healthier men, and the length of time that this population has been pursued, have been quantified. The mortality experience within five years of entering this industry was shown to be as low as 37% of that expected; for circulatory disease and respiratory disease it was as low as 21%. There was a progressive increase in standardized mortality ratio with the length of time since entry so that the effect had almost disappeared 15 years after entry. To avoid confounding the selection effect with the survival effect the latter was measured by separating men who survived 15 years after entering the industry according to whether or not they were still in the industry after this period. Those who had left experienced an overall standardized mortality ratio some 50% higher than those still in the industry. This effect, although consistent in the age groups between 25 and 74 years and for all cause groups studied, was greatest in those aged between 25 and 44 years and for lung cancer and respiratory disease.
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PMID:Low mortality rates in industrial cohort studies due to selection for work and survival in the industry. 100 72

We have studied mortality patterns in a large cohort of rubber workers. We have examined workers exposed to curing fumes, processing dusts, and industrial talc and have begun to evaluate exposures of these workers in detail. Gastrointestinal (especially stomach) cancer appears in excess in processing workers. Lung cancer is excessive in curing workers. Leukemia is increased generally. All three groups studied for respiratory disease have an increase in disease prevalence which is related to intensity and duration of exposure. Since both an increase in stomach cancer and respiratory disease is seen in processing workers, exposures in this area must be controlled. Since both lung cancer and chronic respiratory disease is excessive in curing rooms, this exposure must be controlled. The leukemia risk is probably related to solvents. Whether this is all explainable by past benzene exposure is unknown. Further studies are planned to refine our knowledge concerning these risks so that occupational disease in the rubber industry can be prevented.
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PMID:Occupational disease in the rubber industry. 102 15

A cohort study of approximately 68,000 persons employed during 1972 to 1974 at metal mines and pottery factories in south central China was conducted to evaluate mortality from cancer and other diseases among workers exposed to different levels of silica and other dusts. A follow-up of subjects through December 31, 1989 revealed 6,192 deaths, a number close to that expected based on Chinese national mortality rates. There was, however, a nearly 6-fold increase in deaths from pulmonary heart disease (standard mortality ratio, 581; 95% confidence interval 538 to 626), and a 48% excess of mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases (standard mortality ratio, 148; 95% confidence interval, 139 to 158), primarily because of a more than 30-fold excess of pneumoconiosis. Pulmonary heart disease and noncancerous respiratory disease rates rose in proportion to dust exposure. Cancer mortality overall was not increased among the miners or pottery workers. There was no increased risk of lung cancer, except among tin miners, and trends in risk of this cancer with increasing level of dust exposure were not significant. Risks of lung cancer were 22% higher among workers with than without silicosis. The findings indicate that respiratory disease continues to be an occupational hazard among Chinese miners and pottery workers, but that cancer risks are not as yet strongly associated with work in these dusty trades.
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PMID:Mortality among dust-exposed Chinese mine and pottery workers. 131 52

This is the second update of a study of 3,444 taconite miners and millers who were first exposed to taconite, with associated exposures to silica and nonasbestiform amphiboles, in the period 1947 through 1958. Previous analyses of deaths through 1977, and again through 1983, showed no significant excess deaths from any specific causes. The present study continues the follow-up through 1988, adding 14,748 person-years of observation and 261 death certificates for analysis. The population, reduced to 3,431 because of the detection of 13 earlier duplications, has now been observed for 101,055 person-years, with 1,058 deaths and 1,039 death certificates. Death certificates were obtained for 98.2% of those known to be dead. The total number of deaths was significantly fewer than expected. Based on US rates, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 83 (ie, 83% of expected). Based on Minnesota death rates, it was 91. With both US and Minnesota death rates, the SMRs for malignant neoplasms, cancer of the respiratory tract, cancer of the digestive system, heart disease, nonmalignant respiratory disease, and cirrhosis of the liver were all below 100. Slightly elevated SMRs were found for cancer of the colon, cancer of the kidney, and lymphopoietic cancer. These elevations were not statistically significant. Separate analyses were made of total deaths, lung cancer deaths, and kidney cancer deaths in men who had worked with taconite for time periods of less than 1 year, 1-5 years, 5-10 years, and over 10 years, during observation periods less than 10 years, 10-20 years, and over 20 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An updated study of taconite miners and millers exposed to silica and non-asbestiform amphiboles. 133 7

The 10 kDa Clara cell protein was measured in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 39 healthy subjects (14 smokers, 25 nonsmokers) and from 41 patients with respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sarcoidosis, lung cancer). Clara cell protein appears as one of the most abundant respiratory tract derived proteins, with values averaging 7% of the total protein content of lung lavages from healthy nonsmokers. A significant reduction of Clara cell protein was found in BAL from smokers and patients with COPD or lung cancer. The same pattern of change was found in the concentrations of Clara cell protein in serum. Pulmonary sarcoidosis did not affect absolute values of Clara cell protein in lung lavages but was associated with elevated levels in serum. Changes in lung lavage Clara cell protein differed from that of albumin, beta 2-microglobulin or the secretory component, since the latter were unaffected by smoking or COPD but increased in sarcoidosis and lung cancer. These results indicate that Clara cell protein in BAL or serum might serve as a sensitive indicator of nonciliated bronchial cell dysfunction.
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PMID:Clara cell protein in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage. 148 70

Acute physiological and chronic pathological responses of the respiratory tract to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are reviewed briefly. This study excludes discussion of the possible risk of lung cancer and the known impact of carbon monoxide on the fetus and adult. In some environments, the dose of particulate matter and the concentrations of irritant vapors absorbed on the ETS particles reach a level for which a physiological response may be expected, not only in the nose but also the bronchi. However, direct measurements indicate only small increases of nasal and bronchial resistance if normal subjects are exposed to maximal, likely concentrations of ETS. ETS is readily detected by the nonsmoker, but there is no strong evidence that pulmonary reactions have a psychogenic basis. The condition of approximately 20% of asthmatic patients is exacerbated by ETS exposure. Further study is needed to clarify the likelihood that adults will progress from a minor physiological response to pathological reactions, e.g., chronic obstructive lung disease. In young children (who are less able to escape from ETS), the association between exposure and an increase in respiratory disease is stronger than in adults. Exacerbation of asthma and an increase of respiratory disease are further arguments for legislation to guarantee smoke-free air to the nonsmoking public.
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PMID:Respiratory irritation from environmental tobacco smoke. 156 35


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