Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bronchoscopy with biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavage, and other sampling techniques are frequently needed to establish definitive diagnoses of pulmonary disorders. Combinations of specimens provide superior results to single specimens alone for lung cancer, including those which are endoscopically visible and peripheral in location. Transbronchial biopsy is useful to establish tissue diagnoses in certain diffuse parenchymal lung diseases with specific recognizable histologic patterns such as sarcoidosis or eosinophilic granuloma, but it is less useful for disorders such as interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Patients with tuberculosis can be diagnosed by performing bronchoscopy, but other sampling techniques are equally good and safer for the bronchoscopist and other health care workers. Bronchoalveolar lavage is especially valuable for confirming infectious complications in immunocompromised hosts, and it also has great potential to elucidate basic mechanisms of pulmonary diseases in research applications.
 ...
PMID:Bronchoscopic biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage. 872 75

An update of a cohort study of 4855 employees at a Paulsboro, New Jersey refinery was conducted to further examine mortality patterns. The earlier study investigated refinery workers employed for a minimum of 1 year between 1 January 1946 and 1 January 1979. The vital status of these workers was ascertained through 1979. The update extended enrollment in the study and vital status follow-up for an additional 8 years (1980-1987). As in the previous study, mortality from all causes [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 87; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 83-91] was significantly lower than expected compared with the general population. Total cancer mortality was also lower than expected (SMR = 96; 95% CI: 86-106). A borderline significant mortality increase in prostatic cancer was found (SMR = 144; 95% CI: 106-190). This increase was similar to the nonsignificant increase reported in the original study (SMR = 135; 95% CI: 90-196). The excess was of comparable magnitude among white males and nonwhite males, although it was not significant for the latter. Detailed analysis indicated that the prostatic cancer was not likely to be related to employment at the refinery. Mortality from lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers was similar to the expected mortality. Mortality from overall leukemia was as expected and detailed analyses by specific cell type showed no increase. An increase in mortality occurred from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among male workers (SMR = 132; 95% CI: 74-217). The increase was not statistically significant and unlikely to be associated with refinery employment. Mortality from multiple myeloma among male employees was lower than expected (SMR = 74; 95% CI: 20-190). Mortality from asbestos-related diseases (pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma) was also lower than expected among male workers. No cause-specific mortality was found to be associated with duration of employment at the refinery, including several causes which have been reported to be elevated in previous studies. The findings of this updated study indicate, as in the previous report, the generally favorable mortality experience of Paulsboro refinery workers.
 ...
PMID:An updated cohort mortality study of workers at a northeastern United States petroleum refinery. 883 92

Chronic respiratory failure is defined on the basis of gas exchange in the lung. Recent studies have suggested serious clinical problems in patients with disabling dyspnea not necessarily related to gas exchange. Home oxygen therapy not only prolongs life expectancy but also improves the quality of daily life. In Japan, pulmonary emphysema, sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis, and interstitial pneumonia/pulmonary fibrosis are the 3 major diseases currently treated by home oxygen therapy. Respiratory failure caused by interstitial pneumonia/pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer is on the increase and is also treated by home oxygen therapy. Clinical problems on mechanisms and treatment of chronic respiratory failure are reviewed from recent data.
 ...
PMID:Current status and research on chronic respiratory failure in Japan. 883 92

This report is based on 30 deaths from chronic beryllium disease (CBD) in the United Kingdom with details of 19 autopsies. The majority were fluorescent lamp workers and machinists who died from respiratory failure. There were no cases of lung cancer. The survival times ranged from less than 1 to 29 years and was longest in machinists. All of the workers showed interstitial pulmonary fibrosis with varying degrees of cystic change. The majority showed hyalinized, and a few active sarcoid-type, granulomas. Extrathoracic granulomas, as in a U.K. sarcoid autopsy series, were rare. A notable difference was the absence of myocardial involvement in CBD compared to an incidence of 20% in the sarcoid autopsies. The detection of beryllium in the criteria for diagnosis is emphasized and the cases classified as definite include 12 of 19 positive analysis, 6 of 19, negative or unavailable analysis. The remaining case was classified as dubious because, despite a positive analysis, granulomas were absent. The main differential diagnosis is sarcoidosis.
 ...
PMID:United Kingdom Beryllium Registry: mortality and autopsy study. 893 40

Between 1984 and September 1995, we prescribed home oxygen therapy for 155 patients (96 men and 59 women), mean age 68.6 years) with chronic respiratory failure. Here we describe the underlying diseases, laboratory findings (arterial blood gas analysis and pulmonary-function tests), and outcomes. We also report differences between those who were of least 70 years old (n = 82) and those less than 70 years old (n = 73). The underlying diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 55 patients, lung cancer in 33, old pulmonary tuberculosis in 29, and pulmonary fibrosis in 27. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, especially pulmonary emphysema, was the most frequently encountered underlying disease in the older patients, whereas pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer were most common in the younger patients. The duration of observation ranged from less than 1 month to 10 years. At the time of this study 82 patients had died, 31 were still being treated as outpatients at our hospital, 32 had transferred to other hospitals, and the status of 10 patients was unknown. The older and younger patients did not differ with regard to arterial blood gases, pulmonary function at the time home oxygen therapy began, or outcome: We believe that home oxygen therapy was very beneficial in these patients with chronic respiratory failure, because their quality of life improved after the start of this therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Home oxygen therapy in the elderly]. 907 4

Pulmonary disease induced by chemotherapeutic drug or radiation is one of the major cause, of death in patients with lung cancer. Many of these patients die from interstitial lung disease despite discontinuation of the drug and addition of corticosteroid treatment. The clinical presentation is similar for all of the chemotherapeutic drugs. For the early detection of interstitial lung disease due to a chemotherapeutic drug, serial measurements of the CO diffusing capacity (DLco), serum LDH, and serum KL-6 are useful. The first step in treatment is withdrawal of the drugs, and pulse therapy by using methylprednisolone is used as a standard therapy for interstitial lung disease due to chemotherapeutic agents. Immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclophosphamide or azathioprine, might be used as second-line drugs in patients for whom drugs either failed or could not tolerate corticosteroid treatment. Thus the usefulness of this therapy is unknown, and it should be considered as a marginal therapy. To develop an investigational therapy for the chemotherapeutic drug-induced interstitial lung disease, we investigated the efficacy of a new specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ONO-5046.Na) in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The inhibitory effect of ONO-5046.Na was observed in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. This specific neutrophil elastase could be a investigational therapeutic agent for interstitial lung disease due to chemotherapeutic agents used against lung cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Strategy of therapy for interstitial lung disease due to chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation]. 936 19

The mortality experience of 7,119 workers who were employed at a Beaumont, Texas, refinery for at least 1 year between 1945 and 1987 was investigated. Mortality analyses based on standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) showed overall mortality was significantly lower than expected compared with the U.S. general population (SMR = 82, 95% CI = 79-86). Total cancer mortality was also lower than expected (SMR = 92, 95% CI = 84-100). Significant mortality deficits from several malignant and nonmalignant diseases were reported. A significant mortality increase in the broad category of lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers was found (SMR = 133, 95% CI = 103-170). This increase was attributed to a nonsignificant elevation in leukemia of all cell types combined (SMR = 139, 95% CI = 92-201) and a borderline significant increase in other lymphatic tissue cancer (SMR = 158, 95% CI = 101-235). The elevation in leukemia was confined to workers hired before 1950. Furthermore, the leukemia excess was shown to have peaked during the 1960s, with mortality no longer elevated post-1980. Analyses of cell type-specific leukemias showed a similar temporal pattern for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) which was not significantly elevated (SMR = 136, 95% CI = 59-268). Mortality from other leukemia cell types was similar to or lower than expected. Mortality from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (SMR = 140, 95% CI = 88-211) and multiple myeloma (MM) (SMR = 121, 95% CI = 55-230) were increased, but neither was statistically significant nor likely to be related to refinery employment. No death from asbestosis was reported, and mortality from mesothelioma and pulmonary fibrosis was lower than expected. Lung cancer mortality for the overall cohort was similar to expected. For the overall cohort, analyses by duration of employment and time since first employment showed no evidence of any trends for increasing cause-specific mortality. Separate analyses of male workers employed in operator jobs showed mortality patterns that were more favorable than those of the total cohort. Maintenance craftworkers showed statistically significant elevations in mortality for prostate cancer (SMR = 145, 95% CI = 107-194), leukemia (SMR = 179, 95% CI = 111-273), and other lymphatic tissue cancer (SMR = 233, 95% CI = 138-368). Detailed analyses indicated that, among maintenance craftworkers, mortality was elevated for AML, NHL, and MM, but none was significant. Furthermore, no upward trend by duration of maintenance jobs was observed. A small increase of lung cancer was observed among maintenance craftworkers (SMR = 120, 95% CI = 99-145), which was borderline significant. No relationship between lung cancer and duration of maintenance employment was found. In contrast, a deficit of pulmonary fibrosis was reported among maintenance craftworkers (SMR = 62, 95% CI = 17-159). These findings are discussed in conjunction with results from other refinery studies, and the limitations of the study are discussed.
 ...
PMID:An updated mortality study of workers at a petroleum refinery in Beaumont, Texas. 940 30

To assess the clinical utility of measuring the number of asbestos bodies (AB) present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), we counted the number of AB in BALF from 119 subjects using light microscopy. The results were analyzed according to occupational histories, radiological findings of asbestos-induced lung and pleural changes, and asbestos-related diseases. The 94 subjects in group 1 had a history of dust exposure, whereas group 2 subjects (n = 25) had no dust exposure. Group 1 was subdivided into subjects with obvious exposure to asbestos (group 1A, n = 61), and subjects with no known exposure to asbestos (group 1B, n = 33). The distribution of AB counts per ml of BALF (means +/- SEM) differed significantly between groups 1 and 2 (38.8 +/- 17.4 vs 0.06 +/- 0.04, p < 0.0001). The AB counts were significantly different between groups 1A and 1B (57.9 +/- 26.6 vs 3.4 +/- 1.2, p = 0.01). Subject, exposed to dust who had radiological evidence of pleural thickening had significantly higher AB counts than subjects in whom pleural thickening was absent (66.0 +/- 31.1 vs 5.1 +/- 4.2, p = 0.03). In group 1, the BALF was positive for AB in 7 of 14 patients with pulmonary fibrosis, 4 of 5 patients with lung cancer, all 6 patients with malignant mesothelioma, and all 4 patients with benign asbestos pleural effusion. We conclude that AB counts in BALF are useful for evaluating both the history of asbestos exposure in a population exposed to dust, as well as patients having asbestos-related diseases.
 ...
PMID:[The clinical utility of asbestos body counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid]. 949 46

Several tools are available for the evaluation of the exposure to asbestos, particularly occupational questionnaire and mineralogical analysis of biological samples. These analysis allow quantification of the level of retention of asbestos fibres in the respiratory tract. Two groups of analysis may be used: quantification of asbestos bodies in sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or lung tissue samples using light microscopy; quantification and identification of asbestos fibres in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or lung tissue using analytical electron microscopy. Profiles of lung retention of asbestos bodies or asbestos fibres have been described in various asbestos-related disorders, and reference values are available in control populations mainly for asbestos bodies using light microscopy. Mineralogical analysis of biological samples is not required for compensation of occupational asbestos-related diseases. However, this type of analysis may prove to be useful to the chest physician when looking for the etiology of some nonspecific respiratory diseases (interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer), particularly when the occupational questionnaire is not contributive. As they are quite easier and less expensive, analysis using light microscopy will be performed first.
 ...
PMID:[Mineral analysis and study of asbestos pathology]. 960 84

Michigan has a statewide mandatory occupational disease reporting system. As part of that system, reports are received from hospital, physicians, death certificates, the worker's compensation bureau, and company medical departments. Based on this reporting, the State of Michigan has a special emphasis program for the surveillance of silicosis, a known disease outcome among foundry workers. From 1985-1996, 115 cases reported to the State Surveillance System as silicosis, pneumoconiosis not specified, or pulmonary fibrosis were reclassified as having asbestos related x-ray changes after a B-reader interpretation of each case's chest x-ray. During this same period there were an additional 697 reports confirmed as silicosis and 6,724 cases reported to the surveillance system as asbestosis. Among the 115 reports reclassified as having asbestos-related x-ray changes without evidence of silicosis-related x-ray changes, 54 had worked in foundries. Only 7 (14.8%) of these individuals had their primary work in maintenance in the foundry; 40 (85.1%) had their primary foundry work in a production job; and for 10 individuals the occupation was not known. Asbestos has been used in foundries on pipe laggings, boiler coverings, as insulation in fan housings, in gloves, aprons and curtains, as insulation in cupolas, and in ladles and insulation in sand molds. Clinicians caring for foundry workers need to be aware that asbestos-related x-ray changes are not uncommon in this population and asbestos exposure should be considered as one of the carcinogens contributing to the known increased risk of lung cancer among foundry workers.
 ...
PMID:Asbestos-related x-ray changes in foundry workers. 1227 84


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>