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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aspergillosis is a disastrous cause of mortality and morbidity in patients in an immunocompromised state and old lung tuberculosis. However, the diagnosis of aspergillosis remains unsettled. In the present study, we developed a test to detect the Aspergillus fumigatus DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical samples including sputum and bronchial aspirations from the patients with aspergillosis. We selected 2 pairs of oligonucleotide primers and the DNA for the small subunit ribosomal RNA of aspergillus fumigatus and they were significantly amplified. Although isolation of Aspergillus DNA may reflect contamination and colonization without infection, no aspergillus DNA was found in sputum or bronchial aspirations from the patients with lung cancer or interstitial lung diseases except a case of pulmonary fibrosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis chronically received 20 mg of corticosteroid. There was a 100% correlation between the culture results and the nested PCR results in the patients with pulmonary aspergillosis. These findings indicate that PCR detection of aspergillus fumigatus might be valuable for the diagnosis of aspergillosis.
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PMID:[Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the clinical samples from individuals with pulmonary aspergillosis]. 806 31

Left postpneumonectomy syndrome was managed by injection of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) into the pleural space. This measure permitted irradiation of a contralateral, second primary lung cancer without resulting pulmonary fibrosis. Such use of SF6 may be an option for prophylaxis against postpneumonectomy syndrome.
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PMID:Management of postpneumonectomy syndrome by intrapleural injection of sulfur hexafluoride. Case report. 819 34

Except for benign pleural effusion, asbestos-related pulmonary complications, including asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma, usually occur more than 20 years after exposure. Pleural plaques and pleural thickening serve as markers for asbestos exposure, but they are not associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of asbestosis include a reliable history of asbestos exposure, an appropriate interval between exposure and disease detection, radiographic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis, decreased vital capacity and diffusing capacity, and bilateral posterior inspiratory crackles. A lung biopsy is indicated only to rule out other causes of interstitial lung disease. A history of dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, fatigue, weight loss and pleural effusion in a former asbestos worker is suggestive of mesothelioma. Cigarette smoking greatly increases the risk of lung cancer in asbestos workers.
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PMID:Pulmonary complications of asbestos exposure. 804 65

A 44-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of hemoptysis. He had been admitted to our ward in June 1991, after resection of a brain tumor at another hospital due to cerebral metastasis of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma). Systemic chemotherapy and pulmonary irradiation therapy were performed during the first hospitalization. Radiation pneumonitis occurred 1 month after the completion of radiotherapy, which responded to administration of corticosteroids. One year and 4 months later after the completion of radiotherapy, he was readmitted to our hospital because of hemoptysis. Chest computed tomogram and bronchoscopy showed no recurrence of lung cancer, so pulmonary arteriography and bronchial arteriography were performed to investigate the cause of hemoptysis. Pulmonary arteriograms showed diminished vascularity in the area of radiation fibrosis, but a bronchial arteriogram showed inflammatory hypervascularization in the same field. We considered that the bronchial arterial angiogenesis induced by radiation pneumonitis was the cause of hemoptysis. Bronchial arteriography is necessary in cases of radiation pulmonary fibrosis with hemoptysis without obvious recurrence of tumor. If the growth of new blood vessels in the bronchial artery can be induced by radiation therapy, the administration of anti-cancer agents to the bronchial artery should be considered in the treatment of recurrent lung cancer after radiation therapy.
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PMID:[A case of radiation pneumonitis caused by treatment of lung cancer which revealed marked hypervasculality on bronchial arteriography]. 827 21

We studied exposure to asbestos, pulmonary fibrosis, fiber count, and fiber size in relation to the lobar origin of lung cancer in 90 consecutive patients. Among the 32 patients with a history of occupational exposure to asbestos, 22 were construction workers. The proportion of lower-lobe tumors increased with the duration of exposure from 45% in those working less than 15 years to 82% in those working 15 years or more in the construction trade, as compared with 25% in patients who were probably not exposed. The location of the tumor in the lower lobe was explained by the high number of total fibers [odds ratio (OR) = 9.0, CI = 2.3-34.6), of fibers 3 microns and longer (OR = 22.1, CI = 3.9-125), and fibers of anthophyllite (OR = 14.6, CI = 2.4-83.4) and crocidolite (OR = 7.0, CI = 1.2-41.2) when the effect of smoking and fibrosis was adjusted in the logistic regression analysis. The location of the tumor did not correlate with fibrosis, pack-years smoked, or the number of short (< 3 microns) fibers. Our findings suggest that asbestos causes an excess of lower-lobe tumors at a relatively low exposure level, independently of pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:Lung cancer in the lower lobe is associated with pulmonary asbestos fiber count and fiber size. 835 3

The activity of pulmonary lymphocytes was evaluated by the detection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor alpha mRNA expression in lung cancer patients associated with diffuse interstitial shadow on roentgenograms of their lungs. Reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect mRNA expression. In 5 of 6 patients, IL-2R alpha mRNA expression was increased in pulmonary lymphocytes compared with 4 normal controls. The expression in this mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes was almost undetectable in either normal controls or these patients. These results suggest that pulmonary lymphocytes in patients with lung cancer associated with diffuse interstitial shadows are activated and may promote the inflammatory process generating pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:Overexpression of interleukin-2 receptor alpha mRNA in pulmonary lymphocytes of lung cancer patients associated with interstitial pulmonary shadow. 850 52

Felt prepared from polyglycolide (PGA) polymer fibers was pasted with fibrin glue for prevention of postoperative pulmonary fistula, and its effects were evaluated. The subjects were 90 patients who underwent thoracotomy and were expected to develop air leakage between March 1990 and the end of 1993. The felt sheet was simply pasted in position in 67 patients, applied and fixed by suturing in 7, and sutured and pasted in 16. The duration of air leakage in the three groups were 4.6 +/- 4.1, 3.9 +/- 4.9, and 3.2 +/- 3.8 days, respectively. According to the surgical procedure employed, the duration of air leakage was 5.0 +/- 4.0 days in 41 patients who underwent pulmonary lobectomy, 5.0 +/- 4.3 days in 5 patients who underwent segmentectomym, 2.6 +/- 3.1 days in 26 cases who underwent partial pneumonectomy, and 4.9 +/- 4.0 days in the 14 cases who underwent bulla resection. In terms of disease, the leakage time was 4.6 +/- 4.2 days in patients with emphysema, 0.6 +/- 1.2 days in those with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, 0.7 +/- 0.9 days in those with Infectious disease, 4.8 +/- 4.2 in those with lung cancer, 1.5 +/- 1.5 days in those with benign lung tumor, and 3.8 +/- 2.7 days in those with metastatic lung tumors. The procedure had no side-effect on liver or kidney function. No infection was observed even after decortication for empyema. The use of felt prevented excessive shrinking of the lung due to over-suturing. Therefore, intraoperative application of a PGA felt sheet was considered to be an effective method for prevention of pulmonary fistula.
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PMID:[Clinical experience of the combined use of polyglycolide non-woven felt with fibrin glue to prevent postoperative pulmonary fistula]. 853 Aug 38

To cast light on the relationship between the development of pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer, female Syrian golden hamsters were given 5 sc injections of 0.6 mg/animal of N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane (MNUR) at 2-wk intervals and then maintained without any treatment for 26 wk. Bronchiolo-alveolar cell tumors and hyperplasias, which were recognized from week 4 after termination of treatment, were each subdivided morphologically into 3 types. Bronchiolo-alveolar cell tumors included papillary tumors consisting of basophilic cells, papillary tumors consisting of clear cells, and papillary/solid tumors consisting of pleomorphic cells, with papillary tumors consisting of basophilic cells predominating. Bronchiolo-alveolar cell hyperplasias encountered were glandular metaplasia, simple hyperplasia, and papillary hyperplasia. Glandular metaplasia was the most common of the hyperplastic lesions. To some extent, all the proliferative lesions were associated with inflammatory cell infiltration, but this varied greatly. The rate for papillary tumors consisting of basophilic cells with connective tissue proliferation was 35%. Among the hyperplastic lesions, the cell proliferative activity of papillary hyperplasia (12.5%) was significantly higher than in other hyperplastic lesions, suggesting that this lesion might be a preneoplastic change. None of the lung proliferative lesions showed any unequivocal immunoreactivity for the p53 protein. The present study suggests that most lung tumors may develop from pulmonary inflammatory lesions induced by MNUR, but the possibility that DNA injuries to the respiratory epithelial cells by MNUR may cause lung tumors cannot be precluded.
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PMID:Relationship between the development of pulmonary fibrosis and lung tumors in Syrian golden hamsters induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane. 857 98

Occupational exposure to silica has often been associated with the development of pulmonary fibrosis and, occasionally, lung cancer. Their development may be mediated by oxidant-induced cellular injury. The short- and long-term effects of a single intratracheal instillation of silica in rats (10 mg/200 microliters/saline per rat) was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (oh8dG) levels in lung tissue and peripheral blood leukocytes. Cell differentials, reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide, and total phospholipids in peripheral blood and/or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also measured. The pulmonary oh8dG levels increased approximately 2.24- 2.86-fold from 1 to 5 days after exposure to silica. It was still elevated 1 and 4 weeks after installation, but the difference was no longer statistically significant. The oh8dG levels in peripheral blood leukocytes were never significantly different, but they were generally higher than in the controls. The low SOD levels in the BALF of exposed rats in the early stage and the higher GSH levels in the late stage may represent protective reactions against the generation of oxygen species. A significant increase in oh8dG levels in lung tissue suggested the possible carcinogenicity of silica.
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PMID:Oxidative DNA damage induced by silica in vivo. 860 69

We determined the relationship between pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer in the United States from 1979 through 1991 by analyzing death certificate reports compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. Of the 26,866,600 people who died during the study period, 107,312 died with pulmonary fibrosis, 1,739,725 died with lung cancer, 2,040,634 died with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 7,807 died with asbestosis. Lung cancer occurred less frequently among decedents with pulmonary fibrosis (4.81%) and more frequently among decedents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (10.06%) and decedents with asbestosis (26.60%) than among decedents in the general population (6.48%). We conclude that the prevalence of lung cancer among people who died with a diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis is lower than the 10% to 40% prevalence that has been reported in case series of pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:Pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer in the United States: analysis of the multiple cause of death mortality data, 1979 through 1991. 863 79


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