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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen patients with refractory malignancies were treated with escalating doses of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and autologous bone marrow transplants (BMTX). Hematopoietic recovery was similar with doses of 300mg/m2qd X 3 and 500mg/m2qd X 3 providing suggestive evidence of a myeloprotective effect of the BMTX. Extramedullary toxicity was sporadic but occasionally severe; pulmonary fibrosis and severe cholestatic jaundice were seen in one case each. Antitumor responses were noted in patients with brain tumors, melanoma, hematological neoplasms and lung cancer.
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PMID:Intensive 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) autologous bone marrow transplantation therapy of refractory cancer: a preliminary report. 40 Jun 99

Quantitative impairment of lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) has been demonstrated in six (21%) out of twenty-eight patients with asbestos-associated pulmonary fibrosis, in comparison with a group of unexposed normal controls. The impairment tended to occur in patients with fairly severe fibrosis, comparatively short duration of exposure to asbestos dust and with increases in serum immunoglobulin levels. One patient with asbestosis and an associated bronchial carcinoma also had depressed lymphocyte responses to PHA. These findings suggest a relationship between defective T-lymphocyte function and the fibrotic response in asbestosis. Whether it is also linked with the development of lung cancer, occurring either before or at a pre-clinical stage of tumour growth, and is of value in identifying patients especially at risk should now be explored in longitudinal studies. However, eight out of ten patients with asbestos-associated pleural mesothelioma and without lung fibrosis showed no evidence of impaired cellular immunity, either by in vitro testing with PHA or by vivo delayed hypersensitivity skin testing, indicating that impaired T-lymphocyte function is unlikely to be a common finding in all types of asbestos-associated malignancy.
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PMID:Lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin in patients with asbestosis and pleural mesothelioma. 64 28

Radioimmunoassay of 5alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-11-keto-tetra-norprosta-1,16-dioic acid, main urinary metabolite of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha-MUM), was performed in patients with various respiratory diseases including diffuse interstitial fibrosing pneumonitis (DIFP, fibrosing alveolitis). Twenty-four hr excretion of PGF2alpha-MUM in patients with primary lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis secondary to collagen diseases and stationary DIFP was normal. On the other hand, 24 hr excretion of PGF2alpha-MUM in patients with carcinomatous pleuritis was high and that in patients with aggravating DIFP was markedly high. There was no correlation between serum LDH levels and 24 hr excretion of PGF2alpha-MUM.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of main urinary metabolite of prostaglandin F2alpha in patients with diffuse interstitial fibrosing pneumonitis (DIFP) and other respiratory diseases. 76 Feb 64

Deposition, clearance, retention, and durability of inhaled particles from lungs are known to be important factors for induction of pulmonary fibrosis or lung cancer. To study the deposition and clearance of alumina silicate ceramic fibres from the lung, male Wistar rats were exposed to ceramic fibre particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 4.2 micron, for six hours a day, five days a week for two weeks. The average exposure concentration was 20.7 (standard deviation (SD) 4.5) mg/m3. The rats were killed at one day, three months, and six months after the end of exposure, and the fibre numbers and dimensions were measured with a scanning electron microscope. No significant differences in number and geometric mean length of residual ceramic fibres in the lungs were found between the groups. The geometric mean diameter, however, decreased according to the duration of the clearance period. These findings suggest that solubility of fibre contributes most in the clearance of the inhaled ceramic fibres from the lungs.
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PMID:Determinant factor for clearance of ceramic fibres from rat lungs. 155 14

A study was done to examine whether workers exposed to titanium tetrachloride had significantly higher risks of lung cancer, chronic respiratory disease, pleural thickening/plaques, or pulmonary fibrosis than referent groups. A total of 2477 employees from two titanium dioxide plants were studied. Of that group, 969 employees exposed to titanium tetrachloride were observed from 1956 through 1985 for cancer and chronic respiratory disease incidence and from 1935 through 1983 for mortality. A cross-sectional sample of 398 employees was evaluated for chest roentgenogram abnormalities. Cohort analyses showed that the risk of developing lung cancer and other fatal respiratory diseases was not statistically significantly higher for the titanium tetrachloride-exposed workers than for the referent group. Nested case-control analyses found no statistically significant association between titanium tetrachloride exposure and risk of lung cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and chest roentgenogram abnormalities. No cases of pulmonary fibrosis were observed among titanium tetrachloride-exposed employees. Smoking was found to be a strong predictor of lung cancer mortality in the nonexposed employees with an increased risk of dying from lung cancer up to 7-fold higher in current smokers than in nonsmokers.
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PMID:Epidemiologic study of lung cancer mortality in workers exposed to titanium tetrachloride. 159 72

Bleomycin is an agent with significant antitumor efficacy whose major dose limiting toxicity is pulmonary fibrosis. Attempts have thus been made to identify congeners with reduced toxicity and with comparable or greater antitumor activity. Tallysomycin S10b is a bleomycin analogue possessing significantly greater potency, equal or reduced lung toxicity, and slightly greater antineoplastic activity when compared to the parent compound in preclinical studies. This report describes our experience with tallysomycin S10b in 30 patients with a variety of non-hematologic neoplasms. Pulmonary toxicity, occurring in 4 patients, was the major toxicity. The recommended cumulative dose of tallysomycin S10b was difficult to establish from the results of this study, as pulmonary toxicity appeared to be more idiosyncratic than dose- or schedule-dependent. The employment of more sensitive methods for detecting pulmonary toxicity in this study suggest that tallysomycin S10b may have reduced pulmonary toxicity compared to the parent compound. Both bleomycin and tallysomycin S10b have similar t1/2 beta half-lives of 2-4 h. Six patients had prolonged terminal elimination half-lives of tallysomycin S10b, but no clear relationship between this phenomenon and efficacy or toxicity was evident. No complete or partial responses occurred. Disease stabilization occurred in 4 of 15 patients with diagnoses of renal cell carcinoma, rectal cancer and lung cancer. Five of eight patients with non-measurable disease had stable disease, including one with mesothelioma, one with carcinoma of the head and neck, two with renal cell cancer and one with colon carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase I trial of tallysomycin S10b, a bleomycin analogue. 169 67

The lung has only a limited pattern of response to injury. Idiopathic interstitial fibrosis is a descriptive term, describing the end stage of one pattern of pulmonary fibrosis in which the inflammation lies within the structure of the alveolar walls and around vessels and bronchioli, in the interstitium. The disease is characteristically subpleural in distribution and provides a marked restrictive consequence on pulmonary function which progresses to hypoxic core pulmonale. This is despite the apparent normality of much of the lung at autopsy. Six to fifteen percent develop lung cancer, the proportion depending on the autopsy rate. A nonspecific nature of the changes limits the diagnostic value of transbronchial biopsy, open lung biopsy may be of value in assessing and grading the disease in relationship to therapy.
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PMID:Idiopathic interstitial fibrosis. 211 20

We used magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate residual and recurrent lung cancer from the surrounding radiation pulmonary fibrosis in a 62-year-old patient. The cancer's signal intensity was greater than the fibrotic lung tissue's intensity in an ECG-gated image with relatively short repetition and echo times and, also, in images with long repetition and echo times.
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PMID:Differentiation of lung cancer and radiation fibrosis using magnetic resonance images: a case study. 213 May 36

Over the past ten years there has been fundamental progress in molecular biology, i.e. concerning the structure and function of genes. The understanding and diagnosis of several diseases, in particular those of the respiratory system, have been profoundly affected and changed. For example alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and the emphysema which results have now been dissected down to a molecular level and characterised by anomalies of certain critical portions of the gene coding for this protein. The same thing is found in cystic fibrosis where, thanks to recent technical progress, it is now possible to make a positive diagnosis in most unaffected carriers. The importance of molecular biology in lung cancer is equally established, and in small cell lung cancer one can already isolate a sub group of cancers presenting with an abnormal amplification of the c-myc oncogene. Finally, the role of inflammatory cells, in particular macrophages, in pulmonary fibrosis is best understood by studying the expression by macrophages of the genes coding for mediators which alter the replication of fibroblasts.
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PMID:[Application of molecular biology techniques to pneumology]. 217 33

The type of lung disease caused by metal compounds depends on the nature of the offending agent, its physicochemical form, the dose, exposure conditions and host factors. The fumes or gaseous forms of several metals, e.g. cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel carbonyl (Nl(CO)4, zinc chloride (ZnCl2), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), may lead to acute chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema or to acute tracheobronchitis. Metal fume fever, which may follow the inhalation of metal fumes e.g. zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and many others, is a poorly understood influenza-like reaction, accompanied by an acute self-limiting neutrophil alveolitis. Chronic obstructive lung disease may result from occupational exposure to mineral dusts, including probably some metallic dusts, or from jobs involving the working of metal compounds, such as welding. Exposure to cadmium may lead to emphysema. Bronchial asthma may be caused by complex platinum salts, nickel, chromium or cobalt, presumably on the basis of allergic sensitization. The cause of asthma in aluminium workers is unknown. It is remarkable that asthma induced by nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr) is apparently infrequent, considering their potency and frequent involvement as dermal sensitizers. Metallic dusts deposited in the lung may give rise to pulmonary fibrosis and functional impairment, depending on the fibrogenic potential of the agent and on poorly understood host factors. Inhalation of iron compounds causes siderosis, a pneumoconiosis with little or no fibrosis. Hard metal lung disease is a fibrosis characterized by desquamative and giant cell interstitial pneumonitis and is probably caused by cobalt, since a similar disease has been observed in workers exposed to cobalt in the absence of tungsten carbide. Chronic beryllium disease is a fibrosis with sarcoid-like epitheloid granulomas and is presumably due to a cell-mediated immune response to beryllium. Such a mechanism may be responsible for the pulmonary fibrosis occasionally found in subjects exposed to other metals e.g. aluminium (Al), titanium (Ti), rare earths. The proportion of lung cancer attributable to occupation is around 15%, with exposure to metals being frequently incriminated. Underground mining of e.g. uranium or iron is associated with a high incidence of lung cancer, as a result of exposure to radon. At least some forms of arsenic, chromium and nickel are well established lung carcinogens in humans. There is also evidence for increased lung cancer mortality in cadmium workers and in iron or steel workers.
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PMID:Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract. 217 66


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