Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 338 adults (258 men and 80 women) presenting with spontaneous pneumothorax, there were six men with lung cancer: five squamous cell carcinoma and one oat cell carcinoma. Pneumothorax led to the diagnosis in five cases and the remaining occurred as a complication of known neoplastic disease. The average age was 67 years. We analyze these six cases, along with 46 others from the literature. In patients less than 40 years old with normal chest x-ray film findings after lung expansion, further investigation for neoplastic disease is not justified. However, heavy smoking, chronic bronchitis, bullous emphysema and incomplete lung expansion after chest drainage in patients over 40 years old are indications for cancer screening through sputum cytologic study, bronchoscopic examination and surgical exploration. The occurrence of a pneumothorax neither alters the treatment of the underlying disease nor modifies the one-year prognosis. Five-year survival is nil, suggesting that lung cancers present as pneumothorax at an advanced stage of disease.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous pneumothorax. A complication of lung cancer? 299 38

The Health Promotion and Disease Prevention component of the 1985 National Health Interview Survey allowed us to measure the progress made toward achieving the 1990 objectives for the nation concerning cigarette smoking. The first smoking-related objective, namely, to reduce to below 25 percent the proportion of the U.S. population who smoke, has not been achieved. Today 31 percent of the population smoke. More than 85 percent are aware of the special risk of developing and worsening chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema among smokers. More than 90 percent are aware that smoking is a major cause of lung cancer; however, awareness of the risk of laryngeal, esophageal, bladder, and other kinds of cancer from smoking is not so great. More than 85 percent are aware that cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors for heart disease. In general, then, the 1990 objectives concerning the population's knowledge of the health consequences of cigarette smoking have been met.
 ...
PMID:Toward the 1990 objectives for smoking: measuring the progress with 1985 NHIS data. 310 Nov 26

The prevalence of illicit drug use is higher among men than women, but new drug use occurs at twice the rate for females as for males. Recent data from emergency rooms and medical examiners support this pattern, but females were more likely than males to report use of tranquilizers, antidepressants, and some nonbarbiturate sedatives. Recent data show that men outnumbered women in drug treatment admissions for all drugs except tranquilizers. However, the 1984 National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey shows drug abuse and dependence to be the second most commonly reported disorder for women. Smoking is the most common form of drug dependence in our society, and it has a major impact on women's health. Lung cancer is now the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Smoking poses a special risk of coronary heart disease for women using oral contraceptives. The incidence of emphysema among women has also risen sharply. Smoking during pregnancy carries special, serious risks. Research strongly suggests that the use of marijuana during pregnancy carries significant risks, including low birth weights and fetal abnormalities. Opiate addiction among women is uncommon, but it carries disproportionate health risks for these women and their offspring; infants born of addicted mothers have much higher morbidity and mortality rates than infants in general. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a grave risk to women using intravenous drugs and to their children. There are a number of health problems associated with psychoactive drug use among elderly women. In addition to research, the National Institute on Drug Abuse has focused a number of its activities on the special problems and needs of women. The Institute is collaborating with the health care community to place increased emphasis on prevention and treatment services for women and is working with organizations in the public and private sector to ensure that current information about drug use is effectively disseminated.
 ...
PMID:Substance abuse and women's health. 312 Feb 20

Phosphate ore mining and processing operations are associated with dusty conditions and potential exposure to gamma radiation and radon daughter products. Although most current measurements are within Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, no measurements exist for the era preceding modern standards of industrial hygiene and workplace ventilation. All workers employed by the participating phosphate company between 1950 and 1979 were ascertained, and 3451 males employed for approximately 6 months or more comprise the study population. Statistically significant elevations in lung cancer (standardized mortality ratio = 1.62) and emphysema were observed in white but not in black workers, in relation to U.S. rates. Among workers for whom 20 years had elapsed since first employment, there was a dose-response trend of increasing lung cancer risk with increasing duration of employment (standardized mortality ratio = 2.48 with 20 years of employment). There was no evidence of excess lung cancer risk among employees hired after 1960. Multivariate analyses and internal comparisons of risk by job type are consistent with a hypothesis of occupationally related lung cancer, but small numbers prevent firm conclusions.
 ...
PMID:Cancer morbidity and mortality in phosphate workers. 319

In 1950-1960, a cohort of dust-exposed workers and a cohort of multiple matched unexposed subjects was set up from the files of preventive medical checkups performed in 1,089 Viennese plants. Male workers with a history of long-term exposure to nonfibrous particulates in different industries (metal, ceramics, brick, glass, stone etc.) aged greater than or equal to 40, and male workers without dust exposure (matched for residency, start of observation, age, and smoking) were followed up to 1980 or death (48,960 person yr). By life table methods, dust-exposed workers compared to unexposed workers showed a reduced survival of age 60 (p less than 0.0001), due to lung cancer (123 exposed, 87 controls, p = 0.001), stomach cancer (48/27, p = 0.003), silicosis (40/0), emphysema, bronchitis and asthma (41/23, p = 0.007). No difference in mortality from cardiovascular diseases was observed (p greater than 0.50). We concluded that heavy and long term exposure to respirable particulates is related to increased lung cancer mortality after age 60. A comparison of 2,212 deaths among Austrian silicotics, with deaths in the corresponding population showed a relation between lung cancer and silicosis (p less than 0.001), fairly independent of age and time-period. The estimated relative lung cancer risk of Austrian silicotics in the period 1955-79 averaged 1.41 (95% confidence 1.21-1.64).
 ...
PMID:Long-term effect of occupational dust exposure. 320 94

Smoking is undoubtedly a major cause of illness and premature death. It is responsible for as much as 90% of all cases of lung cancer, 75% of chronic bronchitis and emphysema and 25% of cases of ischaemic heart disease in men under 65 years, as well as for a number of other types of cancer, pregnancy complications and more frequent respiratory ailments in children from smoking families. In South-East Asia, tobacco chewing is estimated to cause about 90% of the deaths due to oral cancer. Worldwide, cigarette consumption per adult has increased only very slightly, by 7.1%, between 1970 and 1985. It fell in many industrial countries, e.g. by 9% in the United States of America and Canada, 6% in Australia and New Zealand, and by as much as 25% in the United Kingdom. On the contrary, in many developing countries adult per capita cigarette consumption has increased markedly, e.g. by 42% in Africa, 24% in Latin America and 22% in Asia. In many industrialized countries, the percentage of smokers has started to fall in recent years. For instance, in the United Kingdom, the percentage of male smokers fell from 65% to 45% and that of female smokers from 45% to 34%. In the United States, male prevalence decreased from 54% to 29% and female prevalence from 36% to 24%. In Norway, male smoking prevalence decreased from 53% to 42%, in Australia from 72% to 33% and in Canada from 44% to 35%. On the contrary, in developing countries prevalence of smoking is frequently higher than in the affluent countries. In Tunisia, for instance, 60% of the men smoke. Smoking-related diseases account for 7% of all deaths in Chile and Ecuador and 24% in Venezuela, 30% in Cuba, 10% in France, 17% in Canada, 15-20% in the United Kingdom, and up to 35% among white South-Africans. It has been calculated that 600,000 new cases of lung cancer occur worldwide every year, most of them due to smoking. Projections show that by the year 2000 the yearly number of new lung-cancer cases worldwide may be as high as 2 million. 500,000 deaths are attributable to smoking in Europe, at least 630,000 in India, 10,000 in South Africa, 23,000 in Australia, 30,000 in Canada, 19,000 in Venezuela and about 400,000 in the United States in 1980. The hypermorbidity of smokers causes an extra need for medical care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Trends in and effects of smoking in the world]. 323 10

Diseases of the airways increase and are of eminent social- and public health-care interest. As essential exogen noxious substance for cause in etiology is smoking considered. Incidence for bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer due to smoking is between 85 to 90%. Changes in the respiratory tract through smoking are also measureable function disturbances. They are more intensely than in dust-exposed nonsmoking workers. Also in passive smokers you can find such disturbances, the additional cancer risk is increased. Smoking is further one cause for centrilobular emphysema. Great international studies refer smoking as essential noxious substance for lung cancer. The minimal therapeutic success underlines the importance of early diagnosis, risk groups, significant etiologic factors, operability, chemo- and radiation-therapy. The early mortality for heavy smokers was ascertained up to 12.3 years lifetime-shortening. Overall the reason is adequate and serious enough to draw the attention to the effects of smoking to the respiratory tract besides tobacco-associated diseases of other organs with all emphasis and to make all efforts against this noxious substance.
 ...
PMID:[Smoking and the respiratory tract]. 329 23

Standardized proportional mortality ratios (PMR) were computed for a population of highway workers. Hazards of highway maintenance work include exposure to solvents, herbicides, asphalt and welding fumes, diesel and auto exhaust, asbestos, abrasive dusts, hazardous material spills, and moving motor vehicles. Underlying cause of death was obtained for 1,570 workers who separated from the California Department of Transportation between 1970 and 1983, and who died in California between 1970 and 1983 (inclusive). Among 1,260 white males, the major findings were statistically significant excesses of cancers of digestive organs (PMR = 128), skin (PMR = 218), lymphopoietic cancer (PMR = 157), benign neoplasms (PMR = 343), motor vehicle accidents (PMR = 141), and suicide (PMR = 154). Black males (N = 66) experienced nonsignificant excesses of cancer of the digestive organs (PMR = 191) and arteriosclerotic heart disease (PMR = 143). Among 168 white females, deaths from lung cancer (PMR = 189) and suicide (PMR = 215) were elevated. White male retirees, a subgroup with 5 or more years of service, experienced excess mortality due to cancers of the colon (PMR = 245), skin (PMR = 738), brain (PMR = 556), and lymphosarcomas and reticulosarcomas (PMR = 514). Deaths from external causes (PMR = 135) and cirrhosis of the liver (PMR = 229) were elevated among white males with a last job in landscape maintenance. White males whose last job was highway maintenance experienced a deficit in mortality from circulatory diseases (PMR = 83) and excess mortality from emphysema (PMR = 250) and motor vehicle accidents (PMR = 196). Further epidemiologic and industrial hygiene studies are needed to confirm the apparent excess mortality and to quantify occupational and nonoccupational exposures. However, reduction of recognized hazards among highway maintenance workers is a prudent precautionary measure.
 ...
PMID:Mortality among California highway workers. 335 85

A total of 3392 professional drivers in London were followed up in a prospective mortality study. There were significantly fewer deaths than expected from all causes (SMR 91, p less than 0.05), circulatory disease (SMR 75, p less than 0.05), and accidents (SMR 61, p less than 0.05). Lorry drivers showed excess deaths from stomach cancer (SMR 141, p less than 0.05), lung cancer (SMR 159, p less than 0.05), bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma (SMR 143, p less than 0.05), a pattern not evident among taxi drivers. Mortality from bladder cancers, leukaemia, and other lymphatic cancers were raised in taxi drivers, though the results did not achieve statistical significance. The importance of the findings is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Professional drivers in London: a mortality study. 339 84

In order to test the hypothesis that Roman Catholic priests are at low risk for prostatic cancer because of their celibacy, a cohort of 10,026 men who were active or retired diocesan (parish) Roman Catholic priests in the United States on January 1, 1949 were followed until death, leaving the priesthood, or January 1, 1978. The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 103 and the SMR for cancer of the prostate was 81. Other interesting findings include increased SMRs for cancer of the larynx (147), cirrhosis of the liver (147), and diabetes (182) and decreased SMRs for lung cancer (59), emphysema (26), and suicide (13).
 ...
PMID:Retrospective cohort mortality study of Roman Catholic priests. 340 88


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>