Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical evaluation, safety and kinetics in serum of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections have been studied in a multicenter trial participated by 28 institutions in Kyushu area during a period of 13 months from March 1987 to March 1988. 1. Mean peak serum levels of SBT and CPZ in 35 patients up to 4 hours after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were 38.2 +/- 17.3 micrograms/ml for SBT and 104.3 +/- 31.4 micrograms/ml for CPZ. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ were 0.76 hour and 1.53 hours, respectively. These results were in similar ranges to those reported elsewhere for SBT/CPZ. 2. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were not significantly prolonged in patients with moderate liver or kidney dysfunctions. 3. Clinical efficacy rates of SBT/CPZ in 217 patients were 93.1% (81/87) for pneumonia, 93.3% (14/15) for lung abscess, 78.9% (15/19) for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 57.1% (4/7) for diffuse panbronchiolitis, 72.4% (21/29), 74.4% (32/43) and 100% (9/9) for infections concurrent to bronchiectasis, chronic respiratory disease and pulmonary emphysema, respectively. Those were 50% (1/2) for bronchitis associated with lung cancer and 66.7% (4/6) for empyema. The overall efficacy rate was 83.4% (181/217). 4. Clinical efficacy rate of SBT/CPZ for pneumonia in patients with underlying diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumoconiosis, etc, was 85.3% (29/34) and was not significantly different from the efficacy rate of 98.1% (52/53) in patients without these underlying diseases. 5. Of 30 patients who failed to respond of previous antibiotic treatments, 21 were effectively treated by SBT/CPZ. 6. Bacteriological eradication rates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 42.9% (9/21), 87.5% (14/16) and 100% (5/5), respectively. The overall eradication rate in all cases including polymicrobial infections was 72.8% (67/92). 7. The high levels of peak serum concentration of CPZ, and the difference between serum levels of SBT and of CPZ seemed to contribute to the high clinical efficacy. 8. Adverse reactions occurred in 2.8% (6/217) of the patients, and consisted primarily of rash and diarrhea. Laboratory abnormalities were observed in 8 patients during the study. These were elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT, and eosinophilia. 9. SBT/CPZ is a very useful drug in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections as it has become available just in time when increase in resistant organisms to beta-lactams is notable.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone in lower respiratory tract infections]. 219 54

This paper attempts to discuss the shape of inequalities in health in the Republic of Ireland by focusing on social class, gender and regional inequalities in health outcomes as shown in annual publications of vital statistics and in various research studies. The Republic of Ireland has a demographic profile of rapid population increase, unique in Europe. While the birth rate is the highest in Europe, the infant mortality rate is relatively low, yet the perinatal mortality rate is relatively high. Attempts are made to analyse social class variations in mortality and morbidity rates but, except for psychiatric care, Irish data on health by social class are scarce. There exist more data on gender inequalities which pinpoint the particular vulnerability of Irish women to ischaemic heart disease and certain types of cancer. Regional analysis of vital statistics reveals the vulnerability of people in urban areas (compared to rural areas) to cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung, cirrhosis of the liver, tuberculosis of the respiratory system, pneumonia, and bronchitis, emphysema and asthma. In comparison to several European countries, Irish standardized mortality rates were the worst for urban women dying from lung cancer, and for urban men and women, Irish standardized mortality rates were the worst for non-rheumatic heart disease and respiratory tuberculosis. Various studies of morbidity of the elderly clearly reveal the hidden clinical iceberg of symptoms which are not presented to the health care system. Unfortunately, there is relatively little evidence of the health situation of disabled people, the travelling community or the long term unemployed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Health and social inequities in Ireland. 221 9

Trends in smoking associated respiratory diseases in England and Wales during 1941-85 have been studied, with careful attention to problems caused by changes in classification of cause of death. Three diseases were selected for analysis: lung cancer, emphysema, and chronic obstructive lung disease. During 1971-85 deaths that would previously have been certified under chronic bronchitis have increasingly tended to be classified under chronic airways obstruction. The definition of chronic obstructive lung disease that was used includes both terms to avoid the artificial decline caused by consideration of chronic bronchitis in isolation. Age specific rates for all three diseases show a pronounced cohort (period of birth) pattern, rates for men rising up to the rates for those born shortly after the turn of the century and then declining, and rates for women peaking in the cohort born 20-25 years later. For chronic obstructive lung disease, but not for lung cancer and emphysema, the cohort peak is superimposed on a sharply declining downward trend. In both sexes cohort patterns of cumulative cigarette consumption peak at a time broadly similar to those seen for the three diseases. Trends in cigarette consumption, however, cannot explain the underlying steeply declining rate of chronic obstructive lung disease. Nor can they fully explain the declining trends in lung cancer and emphysema rates in younger men and women.
 ...
PMID:Trends in lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease, and emphysema death rates for England and Wales 1941-85 and their relation to trends in cigarette smoking. 834 7

A case-control study of lung cancer involving interviews with 965 female patients and 959 controls in Shenyang and Harbin, two industrial cities which have among the highest rates of lung cancer in China, revealed that cigarette smoking is the main causal factor and accounted for about 35% of the tumours among women. Although the amount smoked was low (the cases averaged eight cigarettes per day), the percentage of smokers among women over age 50 in these cities was nearly double the national average. Air pollution from coal burning stoves was implicated, as risks of lung cancer increased in proportion to years of exposure to 'Kang' and other heating devices indigenous to the region. In addition, the number of meals cooked by deep frying and the frequency of smokiness during cooking were associated with risk of lung cancer. More cases than controls reported workplace exposures to coal dust and to smoke from burning fuel. Elevated risks were observed for smelter workers and decreased risks for textile workers. Prior chronic bronchitis/emphysema, pneumonia, and recent tuberculosis contributed significantly to lung cancer risk, as did a history of tuberculosis and lung cancer in family members. Higher intake of carotene-rich vegetables was not protective against lung cancer in this population. The findings were qualitatively similar across the major cell types of lung cancer, except that the associations with smoking and previous lung diseases were stronger for squamous/oat cell cancers than for adenocarcinoma of the lung.
 ...
PMID:Lung cancer among women in north-east China. 225 30

Two hundred and eighteen randomly selected doctors drawn from among the faculty and students of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Interns and staff at the General Hospital; and General practitioners of the Chandigarh city, were administered a structured questionnaire. Among them 31.6% were current smokers whereas 23.3% had stopped smoking (ex-smokers). All but one of the smokers were men who smoked cigarettes. Spirit of experimentation and peer influence were important initiating factors whereas the habit was continued mainly to concentrate on work/study. Doctors were uniformly aware of the detrimental effects of smoking, particularly its association with lung cancer, chronic bronchitis and coronary artery disease, and this was the major reason for their abstaining or wanting to quit the habit. The relation of smoking with oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, emphysema and peripheral vascular disease was not well appreciated. Counselling patients about hazards of smoking was practised significantly less often by smoking doctors and surgeons. The options favoured by doctors for preventing smoking included a ban on tobacco advertising, specific health warning on cigarette/bidi packs, and restriction of smoking in public places, particularly hospitals and clinics.
 ...
PMID:Perceptions and attitude towards tobacco smoking among doctors in Chandigarh. 226 91

A historical prospective mortality study was conducted on a cohort of 34 156 male members of a heavy construction equipment operators union with potential exposure to diesel exhaust emissions. This cohort comprised all individuals who were members of the International Union of Operating Engineers, Locals 3 and 3A, for at least one year between 1 January 1964 and 31 December 1978. The mortality experience of the entire cohort and several subcohorts was compared with that of United States white men, adjusted for age and calendar time. The comparison statistic was the commonly used standardised mortality ratio (SMR). Historical environmental measurements did not exist, but partial work histories were available for some cohort members through the union dispatch computer tapes. An attempt was made to relate mortality experience to the union members' dispatch histories. Overall mortality for the entire cohort and several subgroups was significantly lower than expected. When cause specific mortality was examined, however, the study provided suggestive evidence for the existence of several potential health problems in this cohort. Mortality from liver cancer for the entire cohort was significantly high. Although mortality from lung cancer for the entire cohort was similar to expected, a positive trend by latency was observed for lung cancer. A significant excess of mortality from lung cancer was found among the retirees and the group for whom no dispatch histories were available. Other dispatch groups showed no evidence of lung cancer excess. In addition, the total cohort experienced significant mortality excess from emphysema and accidental deaths.
 ...
PMID:Mortality among members of a heavy construction equipment operators union with potential exposure to diesel exhaust emissions. 241 10

Levels of serum elastase 1 in a variety of respiratory diseases were studied. In patients with pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial asthma, or pulmonary infections, including pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis, serum elastase 1 levels were greater than those of an age-matched control group. In lung cancer patients, however, the serum elastase 1 level was within normal limits. Although alpha 1-antitrypsin levels were significantly higher in patients with pulmonary infections and lung cancer than in the normal group, they were within normal limits in patients with pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, and bronchial asthma. Alpha 2-macroglobulin levels were slightly increased in patients with pulmonary emphysema and pneumonia. These results suggest that the increases in serum elastase 1 levels in these respiratory diseases may be mainly caused by an imbalance of elastase/antielastase system in the lung tissue and the bloodstream.
 ...
PMID:Elastase/antielastase systems in pulmonary diseases. 245 93

Pulmonary emphysema may be a disease in which some elastin in lung is lost. In order to evaluate lung elastin degradation, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for desmosine and measured urinary desmosine excretion and serum desmosine levels in healthy individuals and patients with pulmonary emphysema and other chronic pulmonary disorders. The measurement was performed by the inhibition technique of ELISA so that the samples had to be applied to CF11 cellulose mini-column for partial purification of desmosine. Total urinary excretion of desmosine was uniformly low in healthy individuals and patients with lung cancer, but urinary desmosine was elevated in some cases of pulmonary emphysema and diffuse panbronchiolitis. Using this ELISA method, more than 0.06 micrograms/ml serum desmosine concentration could be measured in 3 out of 25 healthy subjects who had never smoked (13.6%), 4/9 healthy current smokers (44.4%) and 19/26 patients with pulmonary emphysema (73.1%). Mean serum desmosine levels of meseared 19 cases of empysema were 0.182 micrograms/ml. It has been reported that approximately 15% of smokers develop pulmonary emphysema. The most important problem now is whether smokers with elevated urinary desmosine or with high serum desmosine will eventuality develop pulmonary emphysema.
 ...
PMID:[An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring desmosine in vivo]. 263 Jul 71

Sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), a new antibacterial drug, was administered to 14 cases with respiratory infections for a duration of 5 approximately 13 days at a daily dose of 4 g. Diagnoses of these patients were 7 respiratory tract infections, and 7 bronchopneumonias. The underlying diseases were chronic pulmonary emphysema in 6 cases, bronchial asthma in 2 cases, and one each of bronchiectasis, diffuse panbronchiolitis and lung cancer with bronchoesophageal fistula. All patients had underlying respiratory diseases and/or were more than 70 years old. The rate of clinical efficacy was 78.6%. The incidence of penicillinase production by isolated bacteria was 18.2% and that of cephalosporinase was 63.6%. SBT/CPZ was expected to be more effective than CPZ alone in 3 cases judging from the susceptibility of the bacterial strains concerned, to antibiotics. No side effects were observed. We conclude that SBT/CPZ is useful in the treatment of respiratory infections of patients of advanced age and/or with underlying respiratory diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Effects of sulbactam/cefoperazone in patients with respiratory infections in aged and/or with underlying respiratory diseases]. 276 42

The pulmonary chromium content was determined by plasma atomic emission spectrometer (DCP-AES) from 53 lung cancer and 43 control patients, and compared with smoking habits, severity of emphysema and occupational history. The chromium content from the lung cancer patients was higher than that from the smoking (P less than 0.025) or nonsmoking control patients (6.4 +/- 4.3, 4.0 +/- 4.0, and 2.2 +/- 0.6 microgram/g dry weight, respectively). A positive correlation between the pulmonary chromium and smoking time (P less than 0.025) and the severity of emphysema (P less than 0.001) was found in the control but not in the cancer patients. The difference in the pulmonary chromium content was greatest between those lung cancer and control patients who were light smokers or had mild emphysema. This group of lung cancer patients included subjects with occupational exposure to chromium. The possibility of occupational cancer should be considered especially with light smokers. The grade of emphysema and metals such as chromium accumulating from tobacco could serve as objective indicators of smoking.
 ...
PMID:High concentrations of chromium in lung tissue from lung cancer patients. 291 24


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>