Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enzyme immunoassay CYFRA 21-1, a novel lung tumor marker presented in serum (upper limit of normal values: 3.5 ng/ml) was measured in 84 patients with lung cancer and 141 patients with benign respiratory diseases. The positive rate for CYFRA 21-1 in primary lung cancer was 70.3% and the false positive rate in respiratory diseases was 24.1%. In respect to the histological types of lung cancer, CYFRA 21-1 was elevated in 85.0% of squamous cell carcinoma and in 64.8% of other cell types of primary lung cancer. Elevated CYFRA 21-1 levels were found in 40% of Stage I-II, in 80.0% of Stage IIIA-B, and in 73.5% of Stage IV. The overall diagnostic efficiency was 53.4% for CYFRA 21-1 and 44.5% for CEA, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that CYFRA 21-1 test has an advantage over CEA. From the results of this study, CYFRA 21-1 was more efficient than CEA as primary diagnostic marker in lung cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical usefulness of serum assay of EIA-CYFRA 21-1 in lung cancer]. 751 88

CYFRA 21-1, CEA, CA 125, SCC and NSE serum levels were determined in 50 healthy subjects and in 189 patients with primary lung cancer (101 with locoregional disease, 68 with recurrence and 20 patients with no evidence of residual disease (NED). Abnormal CYFRA 21-1 serum levels were found in 53.6% (90/168) of the patients with active cancer. Neither healthy subjects nor NED patients had abnormal serum levels. CYFR alpha 21-1 serum concentrations were significantly higher in patients with active cancer than in healthy subjects or in NED patients (p < 0.0001). CYFRA 21-1 sensitivity was related to tumor histology with abnormal levels in 64.7% of patients with NSCLC and in 30% of patients with SCLC (P < 0.0001). In NSCLC, serum CYFRA 21-1 concentrations were also related to histological type, the highest values being found in squamous cell carcinomas and LCLC and the lowest in adenocarcinomas (p < 0.04). There was also a clear relationship between CYFRA 21-1 and tumor extension, with significantly higher values in patients with metastases than in those without metastases (p < 0.0001). Abnormal CEA values were found in 49.1%, CA 125 in 39%, SCC in 27.8% and NSE in 21.3% of the patients with active cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:CYFRA 21-1 in lung cancer: comparison with CEA, CA 125, SCC and NSE serum levels. 752 48

Serum samples from 137 lung cancer patients were examined by RIA to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the new tumor marker, CYFRA 21-1, which could identify the soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19. The cut-off value was determined to be 2.2 ng/ml according to the receiver operating characteristic curve. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the RIA for CYFRA 21-1 were 57.7, 91.9 and 64.9%, respectively. The serum concentration of CYFRA 21-1 and the sensitivity of the assay increased as the disease progressed. Histologically, the sensitivity was highest for squamous cell carcinomas (SQ) (76.5%) in comparison with adenocarcinomas (47.8%) and small cell lung cancers (42.1%) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). The sensitivities for SQ were 60.0, 83.3, 80.0 and 100% at stages I, II, III and IV, respectively. When compared with CEA (45.3%) and squamous cell carcinoma related antigen (SCC) (22.6%) in all lung carcinomas, CYFRA 21-1 showed the highest sensitivity (57.7%), (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). In SQ, the sensitivity of the CYFRA 21-1 RIA was significantly higher than that of the assay for SCC (47.1%) (P < 0.05). In patients with adenocarcinomas, the sensitivity of the CYFRA 21-1 assay was almost the same as that for CEA (49.3%). In a combination of CYFRA 21-1 and CEA for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), the sensitivity and accuracy increased to 75.4 and 78.1%, respectively, although the specificity decreased to 86.5%. It is concluded that CYFRA 21-1 could replace SCC, a less satisfactory tumor marker, for SQ of the lung. The potentiality of the combination of CYFRA 21-1 and CEA for NSCLC should be estimated using larger samples in the near future.
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PMID:Preliminary evaluation of the new tumor marker, CYFRA 21-1, in lung cancer patients. 752 16

Within the past few years, the measurement of serum and tissue markers has had an increasing influence on clinical decisions about initial treatment and follow-up. Lung cancer illustrates the types and importance of these various markers. This review presents data concerning the most studied and interesting markers in non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). CEA, TPA, SCC-Ag, CYFRA 21-1, ferritin, CA19-9, CA50, CA242, H-K-N-ras mutations and p53 mutation seem to be the most prolific in NSCLC, while NSE, BN/GRP, CK-BB, NCAM, IL-2R, IGF-I, transferrin, ANP, mAb (cluster 5), Le-y and c-N-L-myc mutation are markers in SCLC patients. Some of these serum markers might be useful adjuncts for monitoring response to therapy, including early detection of tumour reactivation to allow curative therapy and rapid detection of treatment failure to allow change of the regimen. The study of these markers also may lead to a better understanding of the biological characteristics of lung cancer. The information derived from these biological studies represents the most promising avenue towards new treatment strategies, as well as attempts at secondary prevention.
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PMID:Clinical tumour markers in lung cancer. 753 17

CEA levels were measured in bronchial lavage in 84 patients with endobronchial lung cancer, undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. The control group consisted of 94 patients with nonmalignant lung disease, in whom bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. In both groups of patients 100 ml of normal saline solution was used during the lavage procedure. CEA levels in lavage fluid and in serum were determined with polyclonal (CEA-RIA) and monoclonal antibodies (CEA-EIA). Significantly increased CEA levels in lavage fluid were observed in patients with lung cancer (97.4 +/- 56.4 ng/ml) in comparison to the patients with nonmalignant lung disease (4.2 +/- 6.3 ng/ml). Patients with lung cancer had CEA levels in lavage fluid about 30 times higher than in serum. Determination of CEA levels in bronchial lavage can be a useful additional diagnostic method in patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:[Value of determining the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen in bronchial lavage for diagnosis of lung cancer]. 758 Oct 59

We report a 74-year-old man with a lung cancer, who developed right leg weakness, neurogenic bladder, and multiple cranial nerve palsies. The patient was well until December of 1992, when he was 74-year-old, when he noted transient double vision; in February of 1993, he noted numb sensation and weakness in his right leg. Later in the same month, he developed overflow incontinence of urine and weakness in his right face. He also noted deafness in his left ear (he had a marked loss of hearing in his right ear since childhood because of otitis media). His weakness in his right leg had progressed, and he was admitted to our service on March 19, 1993. On admission, he was afebrile and BP was 130/50 mmHg. General physical examination was unremarkable. On neurologic examination, he was alert and oriented to all spheres; no dementia was noted nor were detected aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia. His optic fundi were unremarkable; ocular movement appeared normal, however, he complained of diplopia in far vision. Sensation of the face was intact. He had right facial palsy of peripheral type; he was unable to close his right eye, and Bell's phenomenon was observed on attempted eye closure. On the left side, he had facial spasm. He had marked bilateral deafness. He had no dysarthria or dysphagia. The remaining of the cranial nerves were intact. Motor wise, he was unable to stand or walk alone; weakness did not appear to account for his difficulty in gait; manual muscle testing revealed 4/5 weakness in his tibialis anterior muscle, 1/5 in the peroneus longus, 0/5 in his extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus, all on the right side. Brachioradial and quadriceps femoris reflexes were increased to 3/4; plantar response was equivocal on the right side, and flexor on the left. Sensory examination revealed loss of touch and pain sensation in the L5 and S1 distributions in his right leg: vibration and position sensations were also diminished in his right foot. He had overflow urinary incontinence with loss of bladder sensation. Marked nuchal stiffness was noted, however, no Kernig's sign or eye ball tenderness was present. Pertinent laboratory findings were as allows; WBC 8,100/microliters, Ht 42.5%, platelet 326,000/microliters, TP 6.8 g/dl, BUN 16 mg/dl, creatinine 0.54 mg/dl, glucose 95 mg/dl, Na 136 mEq/l, K 4.4 mEq/l, Cl 100 mEq/l; liver profile was normal; CEA 436.6 ng/ml, CA19-93 U/ml; urinalysis was normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A 74-year-old man with urinary incontinence, right leg weakness and multiple cranial nerve palsies]. 766 22

In groups of 50 patients with lung cancer and 19 patients with non-tumourous pulmonary disease the authors evaluated the contribution of examinations using four tumour markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, beta sub-unit of human choriogonadotropin, neuron-specific enolase and alpha-l-fetoprotein) for statistically significant differences were found only in CEA; NSE and HCG levels were higher in patients with tumours, the differences were, however, not statistically higher in patients with non-tumorous diagnoses. The levels of tumour marker rose in relation to TNM stages. When evaluating tumour markers in relation to histological types of lung cancer, the authors found the highest CEA levels in adenocarcinomas, HCG in the non-differentiated type and NSE were highest in small-cell lung cancer. By means of a mathematical model of discrimination analysis the optimal combination of discrimination signs was defined which was age, CEA and HCG. With the help of the elaborated equation it is possible to differentiate on the basis of our results groups of patients with an almost 80% certainty. The authors conclude that tumour markers are not suitable for screening patients with lung cancer; they can be successfully used as auxiliary diagnostic methods at pneumological and oncological in-patient departments.
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PMID:[Tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. 768 76

We developed a new and automated assay for the detection of lung cancer associated cytokeratin 19 fragments in patients' sera/plasma. This new tumour marker assay CYFRA 21-1 was evaluated in technical and clinical studies using the multibatch analysers ES 300 and ES 600 from Boehringer Mannheim GmbH. The analytical performance was shown to be excellent. The clinical data from 2,037 patients demonstrate that for non-small-cell lung carcinoma CYFRA 21-1 has a higher diagnostic sensitivity compared to the established markers. Mainly for squamous cell carcinoma CYFRA 21-1 was superior (60%) to CEA (18%) or SCC (31%).
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PMID:Cytokeratin 19 fragments: a new marker for non-small-cell lung cancer. 769 15

Techniques of production of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) have provided powerful tools to study biological lung cancer behavior. Immunochemistry is more sensitive than conventional light microscopy examination to detect tumour cells in sputum or pleural effusion, or small cell lung cancer metastases in bone marrow. Immunochemistry is also helpful for the differential diagnosis of carcinoma versus lymphoma or sarcoma, using antibodies directed against antigens such as cytokeratins, vimentin, EMA, LCA, SP100, CEA. In lung cancer, immunochemistry may detect neuroendocrine differentiation, or help to distinguish metastatic carcinoma from primary lung cancer. A positive immunostaining with CEA, Leu-M1, SP1, B72-3 supports the diagnosis of pleural metastatic adenocarcinoma versus mesothelioma. Immunoscintigraphy is a non invasive imaging technique which allows local and distant disease evaluation and could replace in the future the present staging work up. To evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy of MoAbs in Lung cancer, phase I studies have been performed. Therapeutic effect is based on: 1) indirect cytotoxicity (cells are killed by ADCC or K cells) or direct cytotoxicity (MoAb are carriers of toxins, radioisotopes or drugs). 2) Immune response modulation by anti-idiotypic Ab. 3) Interferences with growth factors. Results of most of phase I trials are disappointing. Improvement of MoAb selectivity, improvement of conjugates stability, reduction of humoral response to MoAb, enhanced tumour localisation, and reduction of nonspecific captation should lead to a better efficacy.
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PMID:[Monoclonal antibodies and bronchial cancer]. 770 64

We have experienced a case of synchronous double cancer developing in the right lower lobe in a 75-year-old male. He was asymptomatic. His chest X-ray film showed two nodular shadows, one in the right proximal S8 and another in peripheral S9. The serum CEA level was elevated to 9.5 ng/ml. Bronchoscopic brush cytology revealed adenocarcinoma from the tumor in orifice of B8. He was therefore diagnosed preoperatively as having adenocarcinoma of the right S9 with metastasis to #12 hilar lymph node. Right lower lobectomy was performed. The final histological diagnosis was double primary lung cancer consisting of squamous cell carcinoma (S9) with rare mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the same lobe. His postoperative course was uneventful.
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PMID:[A case of synchronous double cancer in the same pulmonary lobe]. 783 Mar 65


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