Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

CEA is a molecule produced by a large number of malignant and benign tissues. Measuring levels of CEA circulating in the blood by radioimmunoassay can be used in the management of cancer patients. Because of high false positive and false negative percentages in normal populations, it has not been useful in screening for malignancy. However, in several types of cancer patients the test has been shown to be of considerable clinical value. Elevated CEA levels indicate a poor prognosis in patients with primary colorectal cancer, primary pancreatic cancer, primary breast cancer, and primary lung cancer. Serial CEA titers obtained following cancer treatments can be used to monitor the therapy. CEA can assess the adequacy of surgical removal of a primary colon or rectal cancer, monitor responses to chemotherapy, and assess response to radiation therapy. The greatest clinical impact of CEA has been in the detection of recurrent colon or rectal cancer following surgical resection of the primary malignancy. Early detection of recurrence, when combined with reoperative second-look surgery, may result in 30% long-term survivors.
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PMID:Role of carcinoembryonic antigen assay in the management of cancer. 391 63

To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of simultaneous determinations of 4 tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, calcitonin, creatinine kinase-BB, and DNA), we studied 31 patients with lung cancer, 22 with benign lung disease, and 15 normal volunteers as control subjects. The measurements were made by radioimmunoassay in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in serum obtained on the same day. The results showed that in serum, only CEA levels were significantly higher in malignancy; in lavage fluids, all 4 markers were abnormally high in cancer patients when compared with control subjects (p less than 0.05); there was no correlation between the levels in lavage and those in the bloodstream. When the mean levels in lavage of the normal control subjects were designated as the limits for a positive test, significant association was found between malignancy and abnormally elevated marker concentration (p less than 0.01). The particular combination of CEA-BAL greater than 35 ng/mg, CEA-serum greater than 4 ng/ml, and calcitonin-BAL greater than 120 pg/mg taken together with the results of bronchoscopy (histologic and cytologic) showed the highest discriminating power between malignant and benign lung disease. The sensitivity of the bronchoscopy procedure increased from 50 to 89%, with at least 2 positive markers, and had a specificity of 71%. When both bronchoscopy and all 3 markers were negative, the results showed a negative predictive value of 100%. We conclude that tumor marker levels in lavage are a useful aid in the diagnosis of malignancy in patients undergoing bronchoscopy.
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PMID:Usefulness of tumor markers in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage of patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy. 401 74

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the plasma CEA and TPA levels in normal subjects and in 140 patients with lung cancer: 116 patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 24 patients with small cell carcinoma (SCLC). The CEA and TPA levels were determined simultaneously by radioimmunoassay. The cutoff limit of CEA was found to be 17 U/SORIN, and the cutoff of TPA was 99 U/L. TPA has shown a sensitivity almost twice that of CEA. The relationship between the mean values of CEA and TPA and the stages of NSCLC was statistically significant (P less than 0.01), whereas only the mean values of TPA significantly (P less than 0.05) correlated with extensive and limited disease in SCLC. The determinations of combined CEA and TPA levels (CEA X TPA) (P less than 0.001) correlated significantly with the stage of disease in patients with NSCLC; conversely, the use of CEA X TPA did not correlate with the stage of SCLC.
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PMID:Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen and tissue polypeptide antigen levels in lung cancer: correlation with cell types and stage. 406 30

Selective deposition of lipiodol in primary and metastatic liver cancer, lung cancer, gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer and renal cancer was elucidated by plain X-ray film and CT. Selective delivery of anticancer agent, SMANCS was also proved by measurement of its biological activities of removed specimen. Because of these selective delivery of anticancer agent and embolization of neovasculature in the tumor, highly effective chemotherapy of unresectable cancer was established. Drug was given via celiac, the hepatic, bronchial or renal artery mostly 1-5 mg in 1-5 ml of lipiodol once every 3-8 weeks. Antitumor effects of this therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma was confirmed based on decrease in AFP levels (92% of the cases), reduction in tumor size (90% of the cases) and histology. In 76 percent of the patients with the other malignant solid tumors reduction in tumor size was recognized. Decrease in CEA level occurred in 88 percent of the cases with metastatic liver cancer and lung cancer. Major side effect was transient fever in about 50% of cases. Mitomycin C and aclarubicin dissolved in lipiodol showed remarkable antitumor effects for experimental liver cancer.
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PMID:[Arterial administration of SMANCS and other antitumor agents dissolved in lipiodol for various malignant solid tumors]. 609 18

Four distinct monoclonal antibodies, which reacted with CEA preparations but not with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen or with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen 2, were established. Except for monoclonal antibody AS001 , all of these monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated molecular forms of 200K and 180K daltons that are not bridged by disulfide bonds. Immunodepletion experiments and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that these monoclonal antibodies recognized the same antigenic structure when 125I-CEA preparation was used. Monoclonal antibody AS001 is of particular interest, because this antibody reacted only with a 200K dalton molecule which is a part of the molecules recognized by the other three monoclonal antibodies. The rosette inhibition assay and the immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that each monoclonal antibody recognizes a different antigenic determinant. The antigenic determinants recognized by monoclonal antibodies YK013 and AS001 may be peptides in nature, whereas the determinants recognized by antibodies YK024 or AS005 might be carbohydrate. The radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibody AS001 was established, and the results clearly indicate that the incidence of positivity for the sera from digestive tract cancer patients and from lung cancer patients obtained by monoclonal antibody AS001 was higher than that obtained by the polyclonal antibody. Monoclonal antibody AS001 was able to detect the corresponding antigen in the sera, which the polyclonal antibody failed to detect. This study therefore suggests that monoclonal antibodies may enhance and improve the diagnostic value in cancer patients with undetectable or lower CEA levels detected by conventional anti-CEA antibodies.
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PMID:Immunologic characterization and molecular profile of carcinoembryonic antigen detected by monoclonal antibodies. 620 69

Levels of immunoreactive ACTH and calcitonin (CT), as well as CEA, were determined serially in 144 patients with lung cancer and in 62 patients with metastatic carcinoma to the lungs. Patients with neoplasms not involving the lungs, with nonmalignant blood dyscrasias, and with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were studied, as were normal control subjects. In 55-91% of lung cancer patients, elevated values of CT were detected; the frequency of elevation varied with cell type and stage. The highest values (mean 1346 +/- 2534 pg/ml) were found in patients with extensive small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and were significantly greater than the values for patients with SCLC confined to one hemithorax (196 +/- 287.7 pg/ml, P less than 0.005). ACTH levels were elevated less frequently (24-46%) and were highest (192 +/- 200.9 pg/ml) in patients with extensive small cell carcinoma, although Cushing's syndrome was observed only once. Agreement between all three tumor markers was seen in 25-50% of lung cancer patients; the percentage depended on cell type. Calcitonin levels paralleled changes in the clinical status and tumor burden in 89% of SCLC patients, while ACTH levels reflected the clinical course in 67%. In six patients with small cell carcinoma in remission, rising levels of CT, ACTH, and CEA preceded clinical evidence of relapse, in oe patient, by as long as five months. Among 129 patients with conditions other than primary lung cancer, CT levels were highest (232 +/- 328 pg/ml) in those with cancer metastatic to the lungs and/or pleura; there was no; association between CT levels and the presence of bone metastases.
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PMID:A study of immunoreactive calcitonin (CT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in lung cancer and other malignancies. 626 70

Tumor cell suspension was prepared from resected tumor tissue of various cancer patients. 1-RNA was extracted from lymphoid tissues of rabbits immunized with each tumor cells and CFA. When the postoperative condition of patient recovered stable, autologous lymphocytes were prepared with blood cell separator (IBM 2997 type) and incubated with I-RNA, then, return to himself. Total number of sensitized lymphocytes was 4 X 10(9) - 1.2 X 10(10). After this passive immunization was finished, active immunization with autologous 3M KCl tumor extract was added. Three of gastrointestinal cancer, 3 of lung cancer, 2 of miscellaneous malignant tumor were treated with this schedule. T-cell ratio, blastogenesis of T-cell with PHA, skin reaction with PPD and PHA, CEA, IAP and Ig in serum was not definitely changed before and after the immunotherapy. But 3 of them, LAI AND LMI became to positive after the treatment and NK cell activity also increased in 3 cases. In these 3 cases, tumor regression was recognized after the treatment. In a case of synovial sarcoma, skin reaction for autologous tumor antigen became to positive and the metastatic lesion in the lung was gradually regressed and regression is still continuing 6 months after the treatment (reduction ratio 90%).
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PMID:[Immunotherapy of postoperative cancer patients with immune RNA-sensitized lymphocytes and tumor antigen]. 667 92

An attempt was made to study CEA and thyroid hormones in high risk groups as there is evidence of their change in lung cancer patients. A questionnaire to distinguish between 4 types of the probability of lung cancer development and a method of radioconcurrent analysis to study the concentration of CEA and thyroid hormones in the blood serum were used. A high risk group included 320 practically healthy persons, a control group 108 patients with verified lung cancer. The results of the study have shown that the concentration of CEA and thyroid hormones increases more often in persons of the high risk group with noncancerous diseases than in persons without pathological pulmonary changes. With an increase in the degree of probability the frequency of a high concentration of CEA and thyroid hormones grows. The older the persons with a high risk of lung cancer, the higher the frequency of concentration of the thyroid hormones. Studies of CEA and thyroid hormones can be used for dynamic observation of persons with a high risk of lung cancer.
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PMID:[Indicators of thyroid hormones and carcinoembryonic antigen in persons with a high risk of lung cancer]. 672 94

Twenty-two patients with surgically incurable lung cancer undergoing systemic chemotherapy have been studied with serial determinations of CEA levels during their therapy. The changes of CEA levels in each patients showed that the assay may be useful to evaluate the effects of therapy. The purpose of this preliminary study is to explore the possibility that CEA assay may be a useful guide to the subsequent clinical response of the patient to the drug.
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PMID:[Evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the follow-up of patients with inoperable lung cancer undergoing polychemotherapy]. 683 58

Serial CEA measurements performed in 102 lung cancer patients during and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy correlated well with the course of disease. CEA levels above 10 ng CEA/ml prior to radiotherapy signaled metastatic spread even when this was not evident from clinical staging of the patient (TNM). This finding contributed to the early adoption of radiotherapy in favor of palliative treatment. Alterations of the CEA concentration during therapy could be used for monitoring the efficiency of treatment. Increasing CEA levels always signaled disease progression, decreasing CEA levels were found to be associated with improvement. In the posttreatment follow-up, increasing CEA levels were always reliable predictors of recurrent disease. Slope analysis of the posttreatment CEA time courses discriminated bone and/or liver metastases with a slope greater than 0.5 ng/ml/10 days from local recurrences, lymph node, lung and brain metastases with slope values less than 0.5 ng/ml/10 days.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurements as an aid to management of patients with lung cancer treated by radiotherapy. 727 1


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