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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to apply the "sentinel health event" methodology we reviewed the certificates of 4541 deaths occurred in the period 1/01/83-31/12/88 in the USL 1 (Lunigiana) in the Tuscany Region. The histories of 6 work accidents, 6 cases of pleural mesothelioma, and 2 cases of sinunasal cancers have been collected by means of personal interviews and investigation at various workplaces. It should be noted that a case of sinunasal cancer was discovered in a farmer who used lead arsenate as an insecticidal. Furthermore the wife of a shipyard worker died of pleural mesothelioma. The death of a shipyard worker caused by pleural mesothelioma, provoked the critical review of the other workers of the same company who were also exposed to asbestos. Moreover, 73 deaths were recorded as due to silicosis; among them, 29 occurred in quartzite quarrymen. In addition, among 153 total cases of lung cancer, 9 were found to be associated with silicosis.
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PMID:[Sentinel events in occupational medicine: the example of Local Health Unit No. 1 of the Tuscany region]. 253 62

The mortality of workers employed at a factory producing friction materials has been studied from 1941 to 1986, extending a previous study by seven years. Apart from two periods before 1944, when crocidolite asbestos was used on one particular contract, only chrysotile asbestos has been used. Thirteen deaths were attributed to mesothelioma and of these, 11 were of subjects who had known contact with crocidolite asbestos. Of the remaining two, in one instance the diagnosis is uncertain and in the other the occupational history of the subject is not well established. There was no excess of deaths from lung cancer or other asbestos related tumours, or from chronic respiratory disease. After 1950 hygienic control was progressively improved and from 1970 levels of asbestos in air have not exceeded 0.5-1.0 f/ml. It is concluded that with good environmental control chrysotile asbestos may be used in manufacture without causing excess mortality.
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PMID:A mortality study of workers manufacturing friction materials: 1941-86. 253 83

X-Ray survival curves were determined using a panel of 17 human lung cancer cell lines, with emphasis on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In contrast to classic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines, NSCLC cell lines were generally less sensitive to radiation as evidenced by higher radiation survival curve extrapolation numbers, surviving fraction values following a 2 Gy dose (SF2) and the mean inactivation dose values (D) values. The spectrum of in vitro radiation responses observed was similar to that expected in clinical practice, although mesothelioma was unexpectedly sensitive in vitro. Differences in radiosensitivity were best distinguished by comparison of SF2 values. Some NSCLC lines were relatively sensitive, and in view of this demonstrable variability in radiation sensitivity, the SF2 value may be useful for in vitro predictive assay testing of clinical specimens.
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PMID:Radiation sensitivity of human lung cancer cell lines. 253 97

A study of the mortality rates among 1657 employees at two Ontario automotive parts factories that manufactured friction materials containing chrysotile asbestos was initiated in response to the workers' concerns about the effects of asbestos on their health. A total of 1194 men and 258 women had had their first potential exposure at least 10 years before the end of the study period; 563 of the men and 138 of the women had had such an exposure at least 20 years before the end of the study period. A significantly increased rate of death from laryngeal cancer and an elevated rate of death from lung cancer were observed in a cohort analysis. One or two deaths might have been due to pleural mesothelioma. There was no increase in the rate of death from gastrointestinal cancer or from nonmalignant respiratory disease. Case-control analysis showed no association between the risk of laryngeal or lung cancer and the total duration of employment (a surrogate for the extent of ambient exposure to asbestos or other workplace toxic substances) or employment in departments where asbestos had been used. An association between risk of death and occupational exposure is uncertain.
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PMID:Mortality rates among employees potentially exposed to chrysotile asbestos at two automotive parts factories. 254 23

The separate and combined effects of duration and intensity of exposure to crocidolite on mortality from lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma, and stomach cancer were examined in 6506 male former crocidolite miners and millers at Wittenoom Gorge, Western Australia. Each subject who had died from lung cancer (92), mesothelioma (31), or stomach cancer (17) was matched with up to 20 control subjects of the same age who were not known to have died before the index subject. Relations of dose and time of exposure to crocidolite to risk of death were modelled by conditional logistic regression. For lung cancer, the best fitting multiplicative model was one which estimated a relative risk (RR) of 1.12 (95% CI 1.04-1.20) per year of exposure and 1.01 (95% CI 1.00-1.01) per fibre/ml. This was statistically indistinguishable from an additive model showing an increase in RR of 0.01045 (95% CI 0.008-0.020) per f/ml year. For mesothelioma the best fitting model appeared to be one estimating a RR of 24.9 (95% CI 3.51-1.77) per log year since first exposed and a RR of 10.5 (95% CI 3.12-35.1) if exposed for longer than six months. This was not distinguishable statistically from a model that showed mortality increasing as the fourth power of time since first exposed less the fourth power of time since last exposed. The effect of intensity of exposure on the RR for mesothelioma was only slight. There was no consistent effect of any measure of exposure to crocidolite on death from stomach cancer.
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PMID:Cancer mortality in relation to measures of occupational exposure to crocidolite at Wittenoom Gorge in Western Australia. 255 48

We have previously shown that there are differences in the sizes of fibers of amosite asbestos in different parts of the lung in workers with relatively high asbestos exposure and malignant pleural mesothelioma. To determine whether this distribution pattern is specific to cases of mesothelioma, we compared the fiber distribution in the lungs of 20 cases of mesothelioma and 10 cases of carcinoma of the lung. The two test groups were statistically identical in terms of age, and exposure period, and overall both groups had very similar mean fiber concentrations and mean fiber sizes. When individual sampling sites within the lung were considered, neither group showed preferential fiber concentration in any area. However, there were definite differences in the intrapulmonary fiber size distribution both within and between the two groups: Cases of mesothelioma showed accumulation of lung fibers in the peripheral upper lobe with shorter central upper lobe fibers. The lung cancer cases demonstrated a reverse pattern, with shorter fibers in the peripheral compared to central upper lobe, but accumulations of long fibers in the peripheral lower lobe. Fiber surfaces and masses showed similar differences among sample sites. We conclude that (1) there is no evidence for fiber concentration variations in different portions of the lung; (2) there is strong evidence for variations in fiber sizes in different portions of the lung, and these differences are most clearly related to fiber length, surface area, and mass; (3) contrary to data from experimental animals, there are no clear gravitational effects on fiber distribution in humans; and (4) there are reproducible differences in intrapulmonary fiber size distribution between mesothelioma and lung cancer cases. These differences may be a manifestation of individual handling of mineral particles because of structural variations in individual lungs.
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PMID:The distribution of amosite asbestos fibers in the lungs of workers with mesothelioma or carcinoma. 255 93

Human lung tumor cell lines established from the major histological types of lung cancer were examined by immunofluorescent staining techniques for their patterns of intermediate filament (keratin, vimentin, and neurofilament triplet protein) expression. All cell lines examined, both small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-SCLC (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and mesothelioma) contained keratin, consistent with their epithelial derivation. These lung carcinoma cell lines also expressed vimentin, the characteristic intermediate filament of mesenchymal cells in vivo. In light of the proposed neuroectodermal origin of SCLC, cell lines were also studied for neurofilament expression. Two of four SCLC tumor cell lines, as well as non-SCLC cell lines, showed no reactivity with antibodies to neurofilament triplet protein. Two of the SCLC cell lines stained weakly with anti-neurofilament antibody. Examination of specific keratin patterns in human lung tumor cell lines by selective immunoprecipitation with keratin antiserum and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that small-sized keratin proteins (Mr 44,000 to 52,000) were present in cell lines derived from SCLC and non-SCLC types of lung cancer. Tumor cell lines exhibiting squamous differentiation by light microscopic criteria (i.e., intracellular keratin, intercellular bridging, "pearl" formation, and/or individual cell keratinization) also displayed a preponderance of intermediate-sized keratins (Mr 57,000 and 59,000) and exhibited another feature of terminal keratinocyte differentiation (cross-linked envelope formation). Mesothelioma cell lines had varying keratin profiles. The presence of keratin proteins in all SCLC cell lines examined argues against a neuroectodermal origin for these tumors and is consistent with the notion that these tumors arise from a common bronchial "stem cell," similar to that from which other types of bronchogenic carcinomas arise.
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PMID:Intermediate filament and cross-linked envelope expression in human lung tumor cell lines. 257 76

A review of 8571 autopsies disclosed 2833 patients with malignant tumours from 1975 to 1984 at the Department of Pathology, The Gade Institute. Cardiac metastases were found in 130 cases. An increase of cardiac involvement was shown in the autopsy material from 1.2% in 1975-1979 to 1.8% in 1980-1984. The same trend was seen if cardiac metastases were related to malignant tumours. Numerically, lung cancer accounted for most of the metastases seen, but the increase was made up by other tumours than lung cancer. especially malignant melanoma, mesothelioma, breast cancer and sarcomas. These tumours have a high frequency of heart metastases and the increased incidence of these cancers in the material explains the rise of cardiac metastases. Cardiac metastases increased with rising number of distant metastases. This study shows that mesotheliomas have the highest percentage of cardiac spread. The importance of autopsy for detecting metastatic spread in sites that are difficult to detect clinically is emphasized.
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PMID:Trends in cardiac metastasis. 259 May 33

In a cohort of 6502 male and 410 female former workers from the crocidolite (blue asbestos) mining and milling works at Wittenoom, Western Australia, there were 94 cases of malignant mesothelioma (12 cases of peritoneal mesothelioma), 141 cases of lung cancer and 356 successful compensation claims for asbestosis to the end of 1986. After adjusting for measured covariate effects by means of proportional hazards regression analysis, smooth curves were fitted to the resulting "underlying" incidence rates for malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer and asbestosis, separately, and for mortality of any cause. By the use of these curves and individual risk estimates, predictions have been made of the future incidence of these diseases to the year 2020. With the assumption that all subjects who were not known to be dead or departed overseas still were alive at December 31, 1986, and excluding persons of more than 85 years of age, the number of new cases of mesothelioma is expected to rise to a peak of around 25 cases per year in 2010, with an expected total number of 692 cases of mesothelioma (95% confidence interval [CI], 394-990 cases) between 1987 and 2020. A total of 2898 deaths (95% CI, 2284-3511 deaths) of any cause is expected in the same period. New cases of lung cancer and asbestosis are expected to continue at roughly the current rates of eight and 17 cases per year, respectively, before declining after the year 2000, leading to totals of 183 cases (95% CI, 34-335 cases) and 482 cases (95% CI, 236-728 cases), respectively, being expected by the year 2020. Predictions that were based on the censoring of subjects at the date that they last were known to be alive resulted in slightly higher, but probably less accurate, estimates.
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PMID:Predictions of future cases of asbestos-related disease among former miners and millers of crocidolite in Western Australia. 215 40

Within the scope of the preparation of Integrated Criteria Documents for priority compounds in The Netherlands, the possible health effects of oral and inhalatory exposure to asbestos for the general population were evaluated. It was concluded from the results of experiments in animals that exposure to asbestos by the oral route is not carcinogenic and is not expected to present a health risk to the general population. Inhaled asbestos, however, is distinctly carcinogenic to man, giving rise to lung tumours, and mesotheliomas of the pleura and peritoneum. Chrysotile asbestos appears to be less potent in inducing mesotheliomas than the amphiboles, but all types of asbestos appear to have a similar potency for inducing lung cancer. The risk of mesothelioma is not expected to be influenced by smoking, whereas the risk of lung cancer is expected to be ten times higher in smokers than in non-smokers exposed to the same asbestos concentrations. Risk-assessment models for the inhalatory route, for the general population, are based on linear non-threshold extrapolation of occupational exposure to much lower environmental concentrations. These models give only a rough approximation of the risk of environmental exposure to asbestos. In accordance with the Air Quality Guidelines of the World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 1987), it was estimated that an extra risk of lung cancer of one in 10(6) (in the general population, with 30% smokers) may be presented by lifetime exposure to asbestos fibres longer than 5 microns, measured by electron microscopy, at concentrations of 100-1000/m3. It was further estimated that an extra risk of mesothelioma of one in 10(6) may be presented by lifetime exposure to 10-100 amphibole fibres/m3 or to a range of 100-10000 chrysotile fibres/m3 (fibres longer than 5 microns). From the current asbestos concentrations, the risk of mesothelioma for the general population in The Netherlands appears to be negligible; the extra risk of lung cancer is expected to be higher than 1 in 10(6) near asbestos sources, whereas it appears to be negligible in background areas and in most large cities and industrial areas. However, it must be borne in mind that the validity of the risk figures given is difficult to judge.
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PMID:Asbestos: toxicology and risk assessment for the general population in The Netherlands. 264 25


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