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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An extended follow up of 1221 chromium and nickel exposed welders in the Federal Republic of Germany confirmed an increased relative risk of 1.6 for all cancers compared with an internal reference group of 1694 turners. In an external comparison an excess of deaths from malignant tumours compared with that expected from the national mortality rates was found (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) = 109), which was clearly related to both time since first exposure and duration of exposure. Mortality from lung cancer was increased among welders (SMR = 113) but also among turners (SMR = 108). The difference remained when the subgroups were compared according to smoking information. A large excess of mesothelioma as a cause of death could be attributed to exposure to asbestos. The significantly increased SMR seen for urogenital tumours and "other or unspecified tumours" showed, however, an inverse relation with time since first exposure. This and other inconsistencies in the analysis by type of welding do not permit conclusive statements. Thus a further extension of follow up seems warranted.
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PMID:Risk of cancer for arc welders in the Federal Republic of Germany: results of a second follow up (1983-8). 193 26

In assessing the health evidence concerning man-made mineral fibers, the chemical composition, surface activity, durability, and size of fibers have to be taken into account. Special-purpose fine glass fibers need to be separated from the insulation wools (glass, rock, and slag wool). The epidemiological evidence is sufficient to conclude that there has been no mesothelioma risk to workers producing or using glass wool, rock wool, or slag wool. The epidemiological studies have been large and powerful, and they show no evidence of a cause-effect relationship between lung cancer and exposure to glass wool, rock wool, or slag wool fibers. There is some evidence of a small cancer hazard attached to the manufacturing process in slag wool plants 20 to 50 years ago, when asbestos was used in some products and other carcinogenic substances were present. However, this hazard is not associated with any index of exposure to slag wool itself. Animal inhalation studies of ordinary insulation wools also show that there is no evidence of hazard associated with exposure to these relatively coarse, soluble fibers. The evidence of carcinogenicity is limited to experiments with special-purpose fine durable glass fibers or experimental fibers, and only when these fibers are injected directly into the pleural or peritoneal cavity. Multiple chronic inhalation studies of these same special-purpose fine glass fibers have not produced evidence of carcinogenicity. It is suggested that the present IARC evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of insulation wools should be revised to Category 3: not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans.
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PMID:Carcinogenicity of the insulation wools: reassessment of the IARC evaluation. 194 41

Reducing the incidence of diseases caused by exposure to radon, lead and asbestos is a major public health challenge. Radon gas, which usually enters a home through the foundation, can cause lung cancer. Exposure to lead through paint, auto emissions and other sources can cause neurologic deficits, as well as anemia, abnormal vitamin D metabolism, nephropathy, hypertension and reproductive abnormalities. Asbestos, which is used in a vast number of products, is primarily associated with parenchymal asbestosis, pleural fibrosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer. The family physician can play a pivotal role in providing information about hazardous exposure, sources of exposure, epidemiology and disease prevention.
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PMID:Overview of radon, lead and asbestos exposure. 195 Sep 82

A previous study on the incidence of cancer in a cohort of 286 asbestos-exposed electrochemical industry workers observed from 1953 through 1980 has been extended with another 8 years of follow-up. The incidence of cancer was derived from the Cancer Registry of Norway, and the expected figures were calculated by a life table method. During the extended follow-up period from 1981 through 1988, among the cohort members there were 12 new cancer cases versus 14.2 expected (SIR 85, 95% CI 44-158). In a lightly exposed sub-cohort, the extended follow-up revealed 4 cases of lung cancer or pleural mesothelioma (ICD, 7th revision 162-163) versus 1.6 cases expected (SIR 256, 95% CI71-654). In a heavily exposed sub-cohort, the corresponding figures were 3 and 0.5 (SIR 588, 95% CI 118-1,725).
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PMID:Cancer incidence among asbestos-exposed chemical industry workers: an extended observation period. 195 72

Malignant pleural effusions are a common and significant problem in patients with advanced malignancies. Pleurodesis with tetracycline or other sclerosing agents is the usual treatment for malignant pleural effusions. In contrast to this approach, intrapleural chemotherapy has the potential advantage of treating the underlying malignancy in addition to controlling the effusion. Intracavitary cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which is cytotoxic rather than sclerosing, has proven safe and effective via the intraperitoneal route in ovarian cancer and malignant mesothelioma. There has been little previous experience, however, with intrapleural cisplatin-based chemotherapy. As part of a planned series of trials in malignant mesothelioma, the Lung Cancer Study Group first evaluated intrapleural cisplatin and cytarabine in patients with malignant pleural effusions from a variety of solid tumors. From April 1986 to November 1987, 46 patients with cytologically proven, symptomatic, and previously untreated malignant pleural effusions were entered on study. A single dose of cisplatin 100 mg/m2 plus cytarabine 1,200 mg was instilled into the pleural space via a chest tube, which was then immediately removed. Patients were evaluated for toxicity and response at 24 hours; 1, 2, and 3 weeks; and then monthly. No recurrence of the effusion was considered a complete response (CR). Partial response (PR) was defined as a 75% or greater decrease in the amount of the effusion on serial chest radiographs. One patient experienced reversible grade 4 renal toxicity, four patients had grade 3 hematologic toxicity, and five patients had grade 3 cardiopulmonary toxicity. The overall response rate (CR plus PR) at 3 weeks was 49% (18 of 37 patients). The median length of response was 9 months for a CR and 5.1 months for a PR. The outcome of this trial was sufficiently encouraging that this regimen has been incorporated into subsequent trials for malignant pleural mesothelioma.
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PMID:Intrapleural cisplatin and cytarabine in the management of malignant pleural effusions: a Lung Cancer Study Group trial. 198 78

Exposure to asbestos minerals has been associated with a wide variety of adverse health effects including lung cancer, pleural mesothelioma, and cancer of other organs. It was shown previously that asbestos samples collected from a local asbestos factory enhanced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations in vitro using human lymphocytes. In the present study, 22 workers from the same factory and 12 controls were further investigated. Controls were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic state. The peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured and harvested at 48 hours for studies of chromosomal aberrations and at 72 hours for SCE frequency determinations. Asbestos workers had a raised mean SCE rate and increased numbers of chromosomal aberrations compared with a control population. Most of the chromosomal aberrations were chromatid gap and break types.
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PMID:Frequency of sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations in asbestos cement workers. 199 3

A multicentre cohort of 11,092 male welders from 135 companies located in nine European countries has been assembled with the aim of investigating the relation of potential cancer risk, lung cancer in particular, with occupational exposure. The observation period and the criteria for inclusion of welders varied from country to country. Follow up was successful for 96.9% of the cohort and observed numbers of deaths (and for some countries incident cancer cases) were compared with expected numbers calculated from national reference rates. Mortality and cancer incidence ratios were analysed by cause category, time since first exposure, duration of employment, and estimated cumulative dose to total fumes, chromium (Cr), Cr VI, and nickel (Ni). Overall a statistically significant excess was reported for mortality from lung cancer (116 observed v 86.81 expected deaths, SMR = 134). When analysed by type of welding an increasing pattern with time since first exposure was present for both mild steel and stainless steel welders, which was more noticeable for the subcohort of predominantly stainless steel welders. No clear relation was apparent between mortality from lung cancer and duration of exposure to or estimated cumulative dose of Ni or Cr. Whereas the patterns of lung cancer mortality in these results suggest that the risk of lung cancer is higher for stainless steel than mild steel welders the different level of risk for these two categories of welding exposure cannot be quantified with precision. The report of five deaths from pleural mesothelioma unrelated to the type of welding draws attention to the risk of exposure to asbestos in welding activities.
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PMID:A historical prospective study of European stainless steel, mild steel, and shipyard welders. 201 4

Twenty-six symptomatic patients with diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma (DMPM) were enrolled in a Phase II Italian Lung Cancer Task Force (FONICAP) study to assess the activity and toxicity of doxorubicin and cisplatin combination chemotherapy. The drug schedule was as follows; 60 mg/m2 of doxorubicin and 60 mg/m2 of cisplatin both given intravenously (IV) on day 1 every 3 to 4 weeks. Of the 24 evaluable patients, 6 objective partial responses (25%; 95% confidence limits, 9.77% to 46.71%) were observed. Twelve of 24 patients (50%), including 6 with no radiologic evidence of response, had a clinical improvement as demonstrated by an objective reduction of symptom or performance status scores along treatment. The overall median survival time was 10 months. Toxicity was mild and dose reductions or suspensions were not required. The combination of doxorubicin and cisplatin is effective and well tolerated. It might be considered for palliation of symptomatic patients with DMPM.
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PMID:Activity of doxorubicin and cisplatin combination chemotherapy in patients with diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. An Italian Lung Cancer Task Force (FONICAP) Phase II study. 204 44

Occupationally induced lung cancer and mesothelioma have long been attributed to asbestos and moreover, several epidemiological studies have indicated a co-carcinogenic effect of cigarette smoking on the incidence of lung cancer in asbestos workers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the co-carcinogenic effects of asbestos and other carcinogens with emphasis placed on determining the effects of cigarette smoking on the incidence of asbestos induced carcinomas. Doses of 15 mg of chrysotile asbestos were administered intratracheally to Wistar rats alone and in conjunction with N-bis(hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) and/or cigarette smoking. DHPN at dose of 1 g/kg/B.W. was injected three times intraperitoneally, and the subject animals were exposed to smoke from 10 cigarettes per day, six days a week, for their entire life span. As a result, lung carcinomas were induced in one out of the 31 rats receiving only asbestos. Lung tumors were induced at a much higher incidence in the groups receiving DHPN alone and in conjunction with asbestos: of the 37 rats treated with DHPN alone 19 (51.4%) developed lung tumors, whereas those receiving asbestos as well showed an incidence of 68.4% (23/38) of carcinomas. The development of lung carcinomas (including adenocarcinomas, epidermoid carcinomas, anaplastic carcinomas, and combined carcinomas) was seen in 8 (21.6%) out of the 37 rats receiving DHPN alone and in 23 (60.5%) out of the 38 rats receiving asbestos as well. The incidence of lung carcinoma was significantly increased in combined treatment with asbestos than DHPN alone. In the group receiving asbestos in combination with cigarette smoke, 4 (13.8%) out of the 29 rats developed lung carcinomas, but these carcinomas were more common than in the group receiving only asbestos. Moreover, in the group administered asbestos, DHPN and smoking combined, lung tumors developed in 18 (62.1%) out of the 29, 15 (51.7%) of which proved to be malignant. Mesothelioma (pleura) was induced in three groups in the following combinations: DHPN plus asbestos, 8/38 (21.1%); smoking plus asbestos, 2/29 (6.9%); and smoking, DHPN and asbestos, 4/29 (13.8%). These tumors were extensively located, that is, on the parietal pleura, visceral pleura, epicardium and diaphragm surface. However, mesothelioma was not induced by asbestos alone nor by DHPN alone. Carcinogenicity of asbestos for pleural tumors was significantly promoted by combined treatment with DHPN to an extent greater than DHPN alone. It should be noted that asbestos plus smoking resulted in a higher incidence of mesothelioma than asbestos alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effect of cigarette smoking and/or N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) on the development of lung and pleural tumors in rats induced by administration of asbestos]. 206 37

Asbestos is a mineral of special technical properties and therefore used in many products all over the world. The inhalation of asbestos causes chronic inflammation of lung--the asbestosis--and pleura--pleuraplaques and pleuritis--and is responsible for mesothelioma and lung cancer. Under normal conditions the diagnosis asbestosis is easy because of the typical x-ray findings and the history of intensive exposure of asbestos. In rare conditions the history of exposure is uncertain and the diagnosis might be difficult. The expected anuity depends on the loss of lung-function. First we find a restrictive ventilatory disorder i.e. a reduction in VC and compliance. Later after progress of the disease the gasexchange is impaired. In case of mesothelioma or lungcancer the person is generally expected to be unable to work.
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PMID:[Expert assessment of asbestos-induced lung damage]. 213 90


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