Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Expression of myc, fos, src, ras and sis oncoproteins was studied in biopsy material of tumors, metastases and "normal" surrounding tissues from patients with different histological types of stomach and lung cancer, melanoma and other malignancy using immunoblotting. Besides, the immunohistochemical distribution of these oncoproteins under lung cancer and precancer conditions was analysed. The oncoproteins expression was significantly higher in cancer as compared with precancer and "normal' surrounding tissues. C-myc and c-fos gene products were detected in all the malignant tissues irrespectively to histogenesis of tumors, while the level of c-myc expression was rather high. The high level of c-fos expression was observed in stomach carcinomas and at early stages of lung tumor progression. C-src and c-sis genes expression varied in tumors of different histogenesis. C-src proteins were found in 60% of lung cancer but it was practically absent in stomach carcinomas and in melanomas. C-sis gene product was observed in some melanomas and lung carcinomas. Ras gene can be activated at early stages of tumor progression of stomach carcinomas and lung adenocarcinomas and at later stages of tumor progression in melanomas and small-cell lung carcinomas. Thus, there are some correlations between oncoprotein expression and tumor tissue histogenesis and progression.
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PMID:[Synthesis and distribution of oncoproteins in tumor tissue]. 183 74

Bioactive terpenes were isolated from the following plant species: 1) Pseudolaric acids: The active compounds of novel diterpenes, Pseudolaric acid A, B, C, and D, were isolated from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon (pinaceae). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data and chemical correlations. In continuous studies, absolute configurations, confirmation in solutions, fragmentation mechanisms of MS, and assignments of all nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral signals were also reported. They showed antifungal and cytotoxic activities. Pseudolaric acid A 1 and B 2 showed antifungal activities. Recently, pseudolaric acid B was established as a general cytotoxic agent against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia, KB carcinoma of the nasopharynx, HT-1080 fibrosarcoma, H00 578T breast cancer, human melanoma, human lung cancer, and human colon cancer cell lines. 2) Daphnane diterpenes: In further studies on the plants of Thymelaeaceae, besides 10 known diterpenes, 16 new daphnane diterpenes were isolated from Daphne genkwa, D. tangutica, D. giraldii, Wikstroemie chamaedaphne that showed antifertility activities. In continuous studies, besides 6 known compounds, 17 new daphnane diterpenes were isolated. 3) Tripterygium diterpenes: 14 new diterpenes were isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, T. regeli and T. hypoglaucum. Tripterygium wilfordii has been used as an anticancer drug, male contraceptive, and immunedepressant in Chinese folk medicine for a long time. Some of them showed antitumor activities. The CD spectra showed that A/B ring of all diterpenes had the same transconfiguration as tripdiolide and triptolide as determined by X-ray diffraction. In 1972 triptolide, tripdiolide and triptonide were isolated with significant anti-tumor activities. Celastrol demonstrated immunodepressive activities. In addition to 10 known triterpenes, 15 new diterpenes were isolated from the plants of Tripterygium by silica gel chromatography. 4) Pregnane glycosides from Marsdenia koi: Two new pregnane glycosides, marsdenikoiside A and marsdenikoiside B, which can terminate early pregnancy were isolated from Marsdenia koi. Their structures were elucidated by hydrolysis and spectroscopic methods.
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PMID:Some progress on the chemistry of natural bioactive terpenoids from Chinese medicinal plants. 184 5

Cancer is the second cause of mortality in Chile: 12,000 deaths and 27,000 admissions were registered during 1982. Gastric and pulmonary cancer account for the highest mortality rates (23.2 and 9.7/100,000). Cancer prognosis has improved in thyroid, uterus and testes cancers, melanoma, Hodgkin's Disease etc, with 67 to 92% 5-year survival rates, while results are not as good in lung, gastric, colorectal, kidney, pancreas, etc, with only 3 to 52% 5-year survival rates. Treatment failure is attributed to cellular mutations and early metastases. At present, surgery is less aggressive and is associated to radiotherapy and chemotherapy; megavoltage radiation equipment and the use of radiosensitizers allow double radiation dose; chemotherapy complications are avoided with hematopoietic growth factors. It is possible to improve the prognosis of lung cancer avoiding the use of tobacco and of colorectal cancer reducing fats in the diet of these pts. Early detection and better chemotherapy have improved the prognosis of breast and uterus cancer. With these measures a 20 to 50% reduction in cancer rates is expected in the USA for the year 2000. Their application is urgent in our country.
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PMID:[Present status of cancer treatment]. 184 13

The serum and cerebrospinal fluid of a patient (NB) with subacute cerebellar degeneration were found to contain a novel antineuronal autoantibody (anti-Nb). Using this antibody, we have identified and characterized antigens present in a subset of neurons in the CNS and in some neuroectodermal tumor lines. Anti-Nb antibody bound to antigens of Mr 150, 120, and 65 kDa in Western blots using extracts of human cerebellar Purkinje cells or human cerebral cortical neurons. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated relatively specific binding of anti-Nb IgG to Purkinje cells in sections of human cerebellum and to some neocortical neurons, especially those in layer VI. Because of the association of cerebellar degeneration with occult malignancies, we screened a number of tumor cell lines for immunoreactivity to anti-Nb antibody; only tumor lines of neuroectodermal origin (melanoma, small-cell lung cancer, and neuroblastoma) expressed the Nb antigen. Anti-Nb antibody thus identifies neuronal and tumor cell antigens that appear to be unique in size and distribution of expression.
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PMID:Antiserum from a patient with cerebellar degeneration identifies a novel protein in Purkinje cells, cortical neurons, and neuroectodermal tumors. 185 Dec 15

This paper reports incidence of cancer in employees of the Australian petroleum industry from 1981 to 1989. Two surveys by personal interview incorporated more than 15,000 employees, representing 92% of the eligible population. Subjects were included in the analysis after completing five years of service in the industry. At the time of this report the cohort did not include sufficiently large numbers of women for useful analysis; results presented are restricted to the men. On 31 December 1989, 50,254 person-years of observation had accumulated in the men with 152 incident cancers reported. The standardised incidence ratio (SIR) analysis showed overall cancer rates close to those of the national population. Whereas deficits were seen in some cancer sites, notably lung cancer (SIR 0.5, 95% confidence internal (95% CI) 0.3-0.9), incidence rates for some other cancer sites suggested increased risk. An excess of observed over expected cases was present in all subcategories of lymphohaematopoietic cancer except Hodgkin's disease (no cases), and was most apparent in myeloid leukaemia (SIR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6-8.2). The other major site with a raised number of cases observed over expected was melanoma (SIR 1.4, 95% CI 0.8-2.1).
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PMID:A prospective study in the Australian petroleum industry. II. Incidence of cancer. 187 7

Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. The incidence of melanoma is increasing more rapidly than any other form of cancer (with the exception of lung cancer in women). Public education programs have the potential to prevent future skin cancers and promote early detection of skin cancer and melanoma. This article describes a statewide awareness campaign and outlines important nursing activities and educational resources. Among results of a pre- and postevaluation poll are an increase in the number of respondents correctly identifying melanoma as the most serious type of skin cancer and an increase in the number of respondents who stated that sunburn in children was very serious.
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PMID:Skin cancer and melanoma awareness campaign. 189 21

During 1991, an estimated 109,000 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in Canada (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). Estimated cancer deaths in 1991 will total 56,700. Excluding non- melanoma skin cancer, over one in three Canadians will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime, while one in four men and one in five women will die from this disease. These statistics are discussed, as well as cancer risk factors, cancer in children, age and sex distribution of cancer, cancer survival rates, trends in cancer incidence and mortality since 1970, smoking and lung cancer, and cancer among the Inuit and Indians.
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PMID:Canadian Cancer Statistics 1991. 193 89

Levamisole has been used in a wide array of clinical research and treatment settings over the past two decades, ranging from such diseases as helminthic infestations to various autoimmune diseases. Numerous preclinical evaluations and clinical trials with levamisole in the cancer arena have been sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and other agencies worldwide with the hopes of demonstrating anticancer activity. Trials in advanced breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, and lymphoproliferative diseases have generally been negative or inconclusive. However, there is some indication that levamisole may be useful by itself as an adjuvant therapy for resected melanoma; recently it has been shown to be effective in combination with fluorouracil (5-FU) as adjuvant therapy for tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage III (Dukes' C) colon carcinoma. In the aggregate, the past 20 years of clinical experience with levamisole has resulted in as many questions as answers. However, further testing of the anticancer activity of levamisole can be expected in clinical research trials over the next few years. Hopefully, these future trials will include studies of the mechanisms of action of this agent.
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PMID:Levamisole: known effects on the immune system, clinical results, and future applications to the treatment of cancer. 194 Oct 64

In 1974 and 1975, serum specimens were collected from 25,802 volunteers in Washington County, Maryland. The serum was kept frozen at -73 degrees C until the time of assay. Prediagnostic samples from 436 cancer cases and 765 matched control subjects have been assayed. Nine sites have been studied: colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, melanoma, basal cell of skin, breast, prostate, and bladder. Serum beta-carotene levels showed a strong protective association with lung cancer, suggestive protective associations with melanoma and bladder cancer, and a suggestive but nonprotective association with rectal cancer. Serum vitamin E levels had a protective association with lung cancer; none of the other sites showed impressive associations. Low levels of serum lycopene were strongly associated with pancreatic cancer and less strongly associated with cancer of the bladder and rectum.
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PMID:Prediagnostic serum levels of carotenoids and vitamin E as related to subsequent cancer in Washington County, Maryland. 198 96

This paper uses information on occupation and industry routinely collected in a state-based cancer registry to assess potential associations between work place exposures and cancer incidence. Industry-specific proportional cancer incidence ratios (PCIR) were calculated by race and sex for all individuals and for white males with blue-collar occupations. Expected numbers of cancers were derived both from cancers occurring among all occupations and just among blue-collar occupations. This latter analysis was done as a control for differences in the prevalence of life-style habits between blue- and white-collar workers. Increased lung cancer PCIR were seen in most industries previously reported to be associated with lung cancer risk. The effects of socioeconomic status on these results are discussed. Other results include an increased ratio of melanoma in blue-collar white male rubber and plastic product workers, an increased ratio of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in motor vehicle manufacture workers, and an increased PCIR of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in general construction workers. Uterine cancer was increased in proportion in white females for a number of industries including rubber and plastic product manufacture, apparel manufacture, and electrical equipment manufacture.
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PMID:Cancer by industry: analysis of a population-based cancer registry with an emphasis on blue-collar workers. 199 75


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