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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 62-year-old nonsmoking female was admitted to our hospital in May, 1998 complaining of marked cough accompanied by repeated hemosputa. Chest X-ray and CT examinations revealed a large tumor, located adjacent to a cystic lesion in the left lower lung field, in association with a clearly recognizable swelling of the ipsilateral hilar as well as the mediastinal lymph nodes. Sputum cytology after bronchofiberscopy led to the diagnosis that the patient suffered from squamous cell lung cancer of Stage IIIA with bulky N2 (T2N2M0). Chemotherapy was selected as the most reasonable treatment for this patient. The new chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel (60 mg/m2) in combination with cisplatin (CDDP: 80 mg/m2) was tried, resulting in a remarkable reduction in tumor size by 60% after the initial course of chemotherapy was completed, which fulfilled the definition of a partial response (PR). Furthermore, after 4 courses of the chemotherapy, the hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy had conspicuously abated and only scar tissue was visible at the site where the lung cancer was thought to have originally developed. We herein report a case in which squamous cell lung cancer sprouted in a nonsmoking female, who was successfully treated by the combined chemotherapy of docetaxel and CDDP. The present case may suggest the efficacy of newly developed docetaxel in treating non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:[A case of squamous cell lung cancer in a nonsmoking female, successfully treated with docetaxel and cisplatin]. 1066 Jul 48

Although sarcoidosis and lung cancer are both frequently encountered conditions, their simultaneous occurrence in the same patient is unusual. In this report, we describe 4 cases of their concurrence and discuss the possible pathogenic mechanisms of their concurrent appearance. In particular, in 2 of the cases, both diseases had coexisted for a long period (more than 6 and 4 years, respectively), showing a surprisingly slow growth of cancers. Although the chest computed tomography showed hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, the histopathological findings of the excised lymph nodes of both cases revealed no metastasis. The causal relationship between sarcoidosis and lung cancer remains uncertain, but cases such as these may be helpful in elucidating its precise nature.
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PMID:Concurrence of sarcoidosis and lung cancer. A report of four cases. 1070 70

The results of MRI in 81 patients with morphologically verified lung cancer, mainly Stages IIIA and IIIB, were analyzed. They were compared with CT data in 37 cases and surgical findings in 28. MRI was performed by using Magnaview 0.04 T and Vectra 0.5 T apparatus in the T1- and T2-weighted SE and PC sequences as well in the fat-suppression mode. Thoracic metastases were evaluated from the direct signs tumor spread into the adjacent tissue and vessels. The criteria for the involvement of lymph nodes were their over 1-cm enlargement and characteristic changes in the intensity of signals from them. CT was found to yield less information on pleural, pericardial, and vascular invasion (66-75% sensitivity). MRI detected this type of cancer spread (88-94% sensitivity). Both techniques have nearly equal sensitivities in revealing intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. The interpretation of MRI data did not depend on the voltage of a magnetic field. It is recommended that MRI should be made after CT when there is a need for assessing large vessels or for making clear the data that remain open to question following CT.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of lung metastases in the mediastinum and thorax]. 1071 24

To evaluate the etiology and differential features of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy (LAD) in HIV patients, chest computed tomography (CT) records from an 18-month period were reviewed to identify all HIV-positive patients with intrathoracic LAD (nodal size > or = 1 cm). Medical records were reviewed for the documentation of specific diseases causing LAD and the CD4 count at the time of imaging. Of 45 HIV-positive patients with LAD, 40 had specific diagnoses including 22 (55%) infections and 17 (43%) tumors; one patient had both (3%). Mycobacterial disease accounted for 78% of infections; five cases were secondary to bacterial pneumonia and sepsis. Of tumors, lymphoma (7 cases, 39%) was most common, followed by lung cancer, germ cell tumors, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Mean CD4 cell count in patients with tumors was much higher than in patients with infections (314 vs. 62, p < .01). Patients with tumors were somewhat more likely than patients with infections to demonstrate axillary adenopathy (29 vs. 5%, p = .068). Cavitary disease was only observed in patients with infections (27%, p < .03). CT and clinical findings may help direct the differential diagnosis of LAD in AIDS, and promote expedient definitive diagnosis and therapy.
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PMID:Thoracic lymphadenopathy in HIV patients: spectrum of disease and differential diagnosis. 1074 9

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) develops as the result of a hypersensitivity reaction to fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Clinical and radiological presentation can be atypical, requiring a high degree of suspicion on the part of the physician who treats such patients. We report the cases of two patients with APBA in whom the form of presentation--with few asthma symptoms, images showing lobar atelectasia and hilar adenopathy--led to an initial suspicion of lung cancer.
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PMID:[Pseudotumoral allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]. 1093 45

A 64-year-old man with uveitis was admitted to our hospital for detailed investigation of an abnormal shadow on his chest X-ray. Chest radiography and computed tomography of the chest showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy and a tumor shadow in the left hilum. Transbronchial tumor biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Left upper lobectomy and drainage of bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes were performed. Histopathological examination revealed the coexistence of squamous cell carcinoma with many non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas in all hilar and mediastinal drainage lymph nodes, but no metastasis. Non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas were also seen in the interstitium and alveolar spaces. Coexistence of sarcoidosis and lung cancer in the same patient is not common, and only 29 cases, including ours, have been reported. This case also provides the concept that surgical tumor resection should be considered even if bilateral mediastinal lymphadenopathy is found in a case of lung cancer complicated with sarcoidosis.
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PMID:[A case of resected squamous cell carcinoma of the lung complicated with sarcoidosis]. 1110 13

Dysphagia occurs in only a small percentage of patients with lung cancer, but the frequency of this cancer means that large numbers are affected. Non-quantitative analysis of a large Scottish series of lung cancer cases indicates the following eight broad categories of dysphagia according to underlying mechanisms: mediastinal disease; cervical lymphadenopathy; brainstem lesions; gastrointestinal tract metastases; associated systemic disorders; second primaries; oropharyngeal and oesophageal infections; and radiation-induced oesophageal toxicity.
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PMID:The causes of dysphagia in carcinoma of the lung. 1177 59

The two-stage system introduced by the Veterans' Affairs Lung Study Group continues to be widely utilized in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), mainly because of its simplicity and clinical utility. Approximately one third of patients with SCLC present with limited-stage disease, which is defined as disease that can be encompassed in a tolerable radiation field. However, this definition is controversial when it is applied to the staging classification of patients with locoregionally advanced disease manifested as the presence of an ipsilateral pleural effusion, contralateral supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, or contralateral mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The more descriptive TNM system is useful for patients with disease limited to the lung, when surgical resection may be feasible; this occurs in far less than 10% of cases. As shown by clinical studies and autopsy data, metastatic disease frequently involves the liver, adrenals, bone, bone marrow, and brain. History and physical examination, complete blood count and chemistry studies, chest x-ray studies, computed tomography of the chest or upper abdomen, computed tomographic scanning or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, and bone scans are recommended for the pretreatment evaluation of patients with SCLC. A bone marrow biopsy may be omitted for patients with normal blood counts, normal lactate dehydrogenase level, and negative result on bone scan. The use of new imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow and positron emission tomographic scanning, may optimize staging evaluation. Multiple prognostic parameters have been identified for patients with SCLC, the most important of which are the stage or extent of disease, performance status, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, and male gender. Identification of risk factors for treatment-related mortality is important for the management of patients with SCLC.
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PMID:Staging and clinical prognostic factors for small-cell lung cancer. 1169 3

If more than 2 lesions of cancer are observed in the lung, differences in the histology or in situ component is the basic criterion for multicentricity. In addition, remote lung mass with same histology in the absence of both distant metastasis and mediastinal lymphadenopathy is also regarded as multicentricity. We have studied the difference between the clinical diagnostic criteria and the results of immunohistochemical staining. Thirteen patients who were diagnosed as double lung cancers under the clinical of Martini et al or Cortese et al were reviewed. Of them, clinically 6 patients had synchronous double lung cancers and 7 patients had metachronous double lung cancers. Four patients in each group with combination of adenocarcinoma (AD) and bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinoma (BAC) were studied by immunohistochemical staining. As the result, 3 patients in the former group were defined as the synchronous double lung cancers, however in the latter group, only 1 patients was defined as the metachronous double lung cancers. As for from the histological findings, if either of multiple lung cancer lesion were Noguchi's A or B typed BAC, the patients are prone to have double lung cancers. Subsequently if the histology of the both lesions were the same as AD-AD or Noguchi's C typed BAC-BAC, then the patients are prone to have the metastatic lung cancers.
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PMID:[Study of the difference between the clinical diagnostic criteria and results of immunohistochemical staining]. 1179 6

Bronchoscopic needle aspiration biopsy, which encompasses transbronchial needle aspiration, transtracheal needle aspiration, and endobronchial needle aspiration, is a minimally invasive technique used to diagnose mediastinal and pulmonary masses and to stage lung cancer patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Since it is safe, accurate, and potentially cost-efficient, its use may increase in the coming years. It is important that pathologists who examine cytology specimens understand this procedure, its limitations, and ways that it may be optimized.
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PMID:Bronchoscopic needle aspiration biopsy. 1199 13


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