Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Steroids have been found to facilitate cholinergic transmission in skeletal muscle, but possible effects in airways smooth muscles have not been studied. Therefore, choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity, tissue content of stored acetylcholine and release of newly-synthesized [3H]acetylcholine were were measured in freshly-dissected human bronchi. All lung tissue was obtained from patients with lung cancer at thoracotomy. Group I bronchi were obtained from patients who also suffered from chronic obstructive bronchitis and had been treated for at least 6 weeks before surgery with daily doses of four puffs of flusinolid. Group II bronchi were obtained from patients who did not suffer from chronic obstructive airways disease and had not been treated with steroids. Neither CAT activity (3.1 nmol.h-1.mg protein-1) nor acetylcholine tissue content (260 pmol.100 mg-1), or electrically evoked [3H]acetylcholine release (about 2,000 dpm.100 mg-1) differed in the two groups. This cross sectional study indicates that inhaled steroids do not change cholinergic transmission beyond the level observed in the airways obtained from patients with lung cancer who do not suffer from chronic airways disease and have not been treated with inhaled steroids. This suggests that inhaled steroids can be given chronically without the induction of a facilitatory side-effect on cholinergic transmission within the airways.
 ...
PMID:Effect of inhaled steroids on cholinergic transmission in human isolated bronchi. 766 58

Clotting abnormalities are well-recognized complications that occur with high frequency in patients suffering from underlying malignant diseases. New and highly sensitive molecular markers of hemostasis, thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT III), D-dimer fragments (DD), and plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex (PIC) were measured in 58 consecutive lung cancer patients. Significant elevation in the blood concentrations of DD, PIC, and TAT was found in lung cancer patients, with either extensive or limited disease compared with values obtained in a healthy control group and in another group of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients with distant metastasis exhibited significantly higher levels of these parameters as compared to those without metastasis. These data indicated that there was a subclinical activation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in lung cancer from the early clinical stages of the disease. In addition, there appeared to be different levels of clotting activation according to histologic type of tumor and response to chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Evaluating prethrombotic state in lung cancer using molecular markers. 767 80

It has been shown that chronic lung diseases which increase the concentration of pulmonary carbon dioxide (CO2) at the expense of oxygen stimulate the secretion of biogenic amines and neuropeptides by pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNE cells) in man and laboratory animals. This increase in secretory activity is always accompanied by hyperplasia of PNE cells, and smokers with chronic obstructive lung disease are at high risk for the development of neuroendocrine lung cancer. We have previously shown that nicotine and the structurally related nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), stimulate the proliferation of neuroendocrine cell lines derived from lung carcinoid tumors via interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). In our current experiment, we have addressed the mechanisms of cell proliferation in response to nicotine and NNK in normal PNE cells derived from fetal hamster lungs, and two cell lines derived from human neuroendocrine lung cancers. Our data show that in these systems the mitogenic effects of nicotine and NNK are potentiated in a concentration-dependent manner by elevated levels of CO2, an effect blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C(PKC) and reduced by antagonists of receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) and mammalian bombesin. The observed effects of CO2 were saturable and independent of changes in the acidity of the tissue culture media. Our data suggest that increases in CO2 concentration at the expense of oxygen may stimulate signal transduction pathways in normal and neoplastic neuroendocrine lung cells thus enhancing their susceptibility to the mitogenic effects of tobacco-specific toxicants.
 ...
PMID:Carbon dioxide potentiates the mitogenic effects of nicotine and its carcinogenic derivative, NNK, in normal and neoplastic neuroendocrine lung cells via stimulation of autocrine and protein kinase C-dependent mitogenic pathways. 771 58

Out of a number of 2113 of COLD ambulatory cases followed-up over 20 years, 170 cases of death were registered. The causes were: heart in 54%, cancer in 42% among which 37% lung cancer, exceeding 8 times the mean figures on the whole country. These diseases: COLD, atherosclerosis inducing heart disease and lung cancer have common risk factors which unbalance respiratory homeostasis. By obstructing the airways they lead to cellular O2 deficit. In this way the cell is compelled to shift to anaerobic glycolysis in order to supply the bioenergy necessary for life, resulting in malignancy mutagenesis. On a control group of 166 cases of lung cancer a ventilatory impairment was noted in the history: obstructive syndrome in 63.8%, restrictive syndrome in 28.3%, which means chronic respiratory insufficiency.
 ...
PMID:[Chronic obstructive bronchopneumonia (COBP), a precancerous state through destabilization of body homeostasis and bioenergetics]. 776 2

Of the 300,000 deaths attributable to smoking among women in developed countries in 1985, 21% were coded to lung cancer, for example, 41% to cardiovascular diseases, primarily coronary heart disease and stroke, and 18% to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Overall, female deaths rates from lung cancer in developed countries increased by almost 200% between 1957 and 1987. Smoking and tobacco consumption is a health risk for women at all ages. All women, regardless whether they are pregnant, performing oral contraception or estrogen replacement should not smoke; if they are not able to stop on their own, appropriate counselling and therapy should be provided according to the state of the art. Women who smoke typically go through the menopause 2 or 3 years earlier than non-smokers. Cigarette smoking to increase the risk of estrogen-deficiency diseases, as cardiovascular risk and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Many women want to give up smoking for a number of reasons, such as health, freedom from smoking dependence, financial worries and of course pregnancy. Women find it more difficult to quit than men because of lack of social support, more reliance on cigarette to cope with stress and anxiety and fear of weight gain. Although many women manage to refrain from smoking for a long, they may relapse in situations involving negative emotions, such as conflicts, stress, loss. Men however, tend to relapse in positive situations, such as social events. Smoking cessation programmes have to cover specifically women's need including basic health education, discussion of withdrawal symptoms, strategies to maintain non-smoking and prevent relapse, continuing group support, stress management, advice on weight management, nutrition, fitness and exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Women and smoking]. 777 22

We studied clinical aspects of radiation pneumonitis from 1983 to 1992. Fifty seven patients admitted to our hospital because of lung cancer were treated with radiotherapy, and radiation pneumonitis developed in 20 (35.1%). The incidence of radiation pneumonitis was closely related to male sex, chronic obstructive lung disease, and chemotherapy. Pneumonitis was not related to age, or to the area or amount of radiation. Eighteen cases (90%) of pneumonitis occurred during or within one month after radiotherapy. In all but five cases (25%), pneumonitis was limited to the area of radiation. Treatment was mainly with steroids. In 4 cases (20%), pneumonitis recurred when steroid therapy was reduced, and five patients (10%) died.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical study of radiation pneumonitis over 10 years]. 779 Dec 66

Beginning in 1988, a question added to the Washington State death certificate asked whether the decedent had smoked during the last 15 years of life. We analyzed death certificate data to evaluate the effectiveness of this question in identifying groups with high smoking rates and occupations with high rates of respiratory disease death among nonsmokers. We obtained statistical death certificate data from the Washington State Department of Health for resident deaths occurring between 1988 and 1991. Analyses included information on age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, underlying cause of death, high school graduation, smoking during the last 15 years of life, and occupation. Based on logistic regression analysis, we found that male sex, youth, divorced status, or death from lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease, or ischemic heart disease predicted a higher risk of smoking during the last 15 years of life. Hispanic ethnicity, single or widowed status, high school graduation, or death from breast cancer, diabetes, motor vehicle accidents, other accidents, or homicide predicted a lower risk of smoking. In farming occupations, there was an excess number of chronic obstructive lung disease deaths among nonsmokers. Findings from this study suggest that patterns of smoking during the last 15 years of life among decedents can provide useful public health surveillance information. The collection of risk factor information, such as smoking, should be recommended for the U.S. standard death certificate. Questions on smoking should be both simple and answerable by informants who may not have known the decedent for a lifetime. Additional studies on the accuracy of smoking history from the death certificate should be conducted.
 ...
PMID:History of smoking from the Washington State death certificate. 788 May 52

The L-myc and p53 genes have been implicated in lung cancer. Both of these genes have restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) that could account for differential expression or activity of variant forms. An EcoRI restriction site in the L-myc gene was previously reported to be a predictor of poor prognosis in Japanese lung cancer patients. There are several RFLPs in the p53 gene. In exon 4 there is a polymorphism that codes for either an arginine or proline residue at codon 72. We previously reported the frequency of DNA-RFLPs at these gene loci revealed by EcoRI and AccII respectively. Here we report results from a study comparing lung cancer cases (n = 31) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease controls (n = 49). No association was found between these RFLPs and disease status. Previous observations that the frequencies of these RFLPs varied by race were confirmed. The p53 arginine allele was found to be more common in Caucasians (0.71) than African-Americans (0.50). The EcoRI restriction site present allele in L-myc was more frequent in African-Americans (0.71) than Caucasians (0.49). Thus, the allelic frequency for L-myc was similar in African-Americans to that reported for Japanese, and the allelic frequency for p53 was similar in Caucasians to that reported for Japanese.
 ...
PMID:Determination of the allelic frequencies of an L-myc and a p53 polymorphism in human lung cancer. 790 8

Women who smoke cigarettes are at increased risk for lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and complications of oral contraceptive use. During pregnancy, cigarette smoking increases the risks for a low birthweight infant and infant mortality. A national health objective for the year 2000 is to reduce cigarette smoking among women of reproductive age (i.e., 18-44 years) to a prevalence of no more than 12% (objective 3.4h)(1). This goal is substantially lower than the estimated baseline prevalence of 29% measured by CDC's 1987 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). To characterize recent trends in cigarette smoking and monitor progress toward the year 2000 objective, data from the NHIS for 1987 through 1992 were analyzed for women aged 18-44 years.
 ...
PMID:Cigarette smoking among women of reproductive age--United States, 1987-1992. 793 15

This paper reports on the relationship between the stressfulness of the social environment, smoking and mortality rates for malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A macro-social approach was employed with the 50 states of the United States serving as the units of analysis. A 'State Stress Index' was computed using stressful events in 15 categories (divorce rate, business failures, natural disasters, etc.). Smoking behavior was measured by percentage smokers and the average cigarette sales per capita. Mortality rates for lung cancer and COPD were standardized by age. The percent population living in metropolitan areas, black, below poverty line, and with less than high school education were included as controls in the multiple regression analysis. The results show that populations that experience higher levels of stressful events smoke more heavily and eventually experience higher mortality from lung cancer and COPD. These relationships are robust: they are replicated for different time periods, for different measures of the independent and dependent variables, and with different analytic methods. The pattern of findings is consistent with a 'health behavior' model of stress in which populations under stress engage in behavior which is extremely inimical to health.
 ...
PMID:Social stress and state-to-state differences in smoking and smoking related mortality in the United States. 814 Apr 64


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>