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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To examine patterns of interaction between cigarette smoking and genetic factors in relation to airways obstruction, cross sectional data were analysed on 1787 white non-patient adult participants in a genetic-epidemiological study of airways obstruction (AO), defined as one-second forced expiratory volume FEV1 less than 68% of forced vital capacity FVC. Interaction was examined between smoking and each of four factors previously found to be related to AO: alpha-1 antitrypsin (PiZ allele), ABO blood groups (A antigen), ABH non-secretor status, and first degree relationship to a COPD or lung cancer patient. Multiple linear regression was used to test for interaction and adjust mean FEV1 (as a per cent of FVC) and prevalence of AO for age, sex, socioeconomic status, coffee and alcohol intake. Statistical interaction was observed between smoking (measured in pack-years) and two genetic factors (presence of blood A antigen and the family history). At higher pack-year levels, those individuals with the A antigen or the family history, but especially those with both factors had a much lower mean FEV1/FVC % and a much higher prevalence of AO than expected based on a simple additive model. On the other hand, there was no interaction between smoking and PiZ allele, or smoking and ABH secretor status. The findings suggest a possible biological interaction between cigarette smoke and the airways of individuals with blood group A antigen and familial lung disease. The findings also emphasize the role of genetic-environmental interactions in chronic diseases of multifactorial aetiology.
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PMID:Genetic-environmental interactions in chronic airways obstruction. 348 86

A group of 306 patients with acute pulmonary hemorrhage were evaluated by means of bronchial arteriography and treated with transcatheter embolization. Specific causes for bleeding included lung abscess, chronic pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and bronchiectasis. In 120 patients the hemoptysis was massive, with volumes exceeding 500 ml/day. The majority (n = 225) were treated during peak hemorrhage. Embolization was performed with one of three methods: particulate embolization with polyurethane or velour, obturation with the angiographic catheter combined with peripheral embolization by means of infused albumin macroaggregates, and regional infusion of sclerosing agents. Effective hemostasis was obtained initially in 278 patients (90.8%), including 87.5% of those treated during peak hemorrhage. In 26 of 28 cases without initial response, the pulmonary artery was the source of bleeding. Recurrent bleeding, within 1-4 days, requiring surgery was observed in 39 patients with initially successful hemostasis. Of 158 patients who were treated without surgery, subsequent episodes of hemoptysis occurred in 36. Combined methods of embolization may improve the efficacy of treatment of operable and inoperable patients with lung disease complicated by hemorrhage.
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PMID:Transcatheter embolization in the management of pulmonary hemorrhage. 356 15

Carcinogenesis of the lung cancer may have possibly many factors because that lung has been always exposed many extrinsic materials. Investigation of risk factor and recognition of high-risk group of lung cancer possess much important meaning, approached not only carcinogenesis of the lung but also clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. In this report, risk factors that established hitherto, air pollution, occupation, smoking habit and co-existing other lung disease are reviewed as high-risk groups of lung cancer.
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PMID:[High-risk group--lung cancer]. 363 67

The Institute's data on postoperative complication development in 247 lung cancer patients with previous or concomitant lung pathology and 206 patients suffering from lung cancer alone were compared for the period of 1975-1984. It was found that after radical surgery pulmonary complications and lethality were much more frequent in lung cancer patients with concomitant lung disease and/or pulmonary pathology in case history (17 and 9.3%) than in patients free from such pathology (8.7 and 3.7%). To illustrate, postoperative pneumonia, bronchial fistula and pleural empyema and acute pulmonary failure were observed in 11.3, 4.9 and 2.4% of cases of concurrent lung pathology, respectively, to match respective 5.3, 2.4 and 0% in the other study group, with pneumonia being the most frequent complication, particularly, after partial resection (13.6%).
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PMID:[Effect of previous and concomitant lung pathology on the postoperative complications in patients with lung cancer]. 370 32

A radioimmunoassay was used for a comparative study of CEA concentrations in the blood serum and bronchoalveolar washes-off in patients with lung cancer (27) and nontumorous lung disease (with bronchitis-14, pneumonia-18, tuberculosis-11, disseminated processes of nontumorous etiology.-12) and in persons without lung pathology (7). Diagnostic sensitivity of CEA determination in the washes-off was 89%, in the blood serum 33%; the specificity was 86 and 56.5%, respectively. The resultant diagnostic accuracy using washes-off was 86%, i.e. almost twice as high as compared to the blood serum (44.7%). Such a high accuracy in CEA determination in the bronchoalveolar washes-off provides an opportunity to use the method for differential diagnosis in unclear cases and for defining groups at high risk of developing lung cancer. The combination of a high level of CEA with unfavorable signs like basal cell hyperplasia, epidermoid metaplasia necessitate patients' follow-up.
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PMID:[Carcinoembryonic antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. 378 28

As ways of discouraging tobacco consumption, the effects of increases in price and in quantitative information may have been under-emphasized. To decrease the hazards of tobacco, switches from cigarettes to pipes, cigars or 'smokeless' tobacco may be useful, as may a reduction in cigarette tar delivery. Indeed, the spread of existing tar level reductions from capitalist to socialist countries might prevent tens of thousands of lung cancer deaths each year in the early decades of the next century, and (perhaps by attempts to engineer cigarettes so that smokers of lower tar cigarettes are less likely to 'compensate' by taking more smoke) it should eventually also be possible to change cigarettes so as also to reduce their effects on heart and lung disease. Changes in consumption and in composition of tobacco products are complementary, not competing, strategies. If both are pursued effectively, then although the life expectancy of old people may not be much improved, the proportion of adults who die before reaching old age will decrease substantially.
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PMID:Control of tobacco-related disease. 384 81

A previous retrospective mortality study of 292 U.S. cadmium production workers employed for a minimum of 2 years showed increased mortality from respiratory and prostate cancer and from nonmalignant lung disease. To examine further the mortality experience of these workers, investigators from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health extended the study to include 602 white males with at least 6 months of production work in the same plant between 1940 and 1969. Vital status was determined through 1978, which included the addition of 5 years to the original follow-up. Cause-specific mortality rates for seven causes of death potentially related to cadmium exposure were compared between the overall cohort and U.S. white males and between subgroups. Mortality from respiratory cancer and from nonmalignant gastrointestinal disease was significantly greater among the cadmium workers than would have been expected from U.S. rates. All deaths from lung cancer occurred among workers employed for 2 or more years. A statistically significant dose-response relationship was observed between lung cancer mortality and cumulative exposure to cadmium. A 50% increase in lung cancer mortality, which was not statistically significant, was observed even among workers whose cumulative exposure to cadmium was between 41 and 200 micrograms/m3 over 40 years. Since the previous investigation, no new deaths from prostate cancer and no excess of deaths from nonmalignant respiratory disease have been observed.
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PMID:Mortality among a cohort of U.S. cadmium production workers--an update. 385 46

Sputum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2MG) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Sputum beta 2MG levels in patients with primary lung cancer are significantly higher than in those with benign lung disease or metastatic lung cancer. Sputum CEA levels in patients with primary lung cancer are significantly higher than those in patients with benign lung disease. These results suggest that sputum beta 2MG and CEA may be useful in the diagnosis of primary lung cancer.
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PMID:[A study of sputum beta 2-microglobulin and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with primary lung cancer]. 389 23

The number of cigarettes smoked, the duration of the smoking habit, and the tar content of the smoke influence the occurrence of tobacco-smoke-related lung diseases, as may also patterns of smoke inhalation. We therefore determined the smoking pattern, especially the time relation between cigarette puff and inhalation, in smokers with and without tobacco-smoke-related lung diseases. On the basis of clinical and radiologic findings as well as pulmonary function tests, 91 smokers were classified as smokers without lung disease, with small airway disease, with simple chronic bronchitis, with obstructive bronchitis, with pulmonary emphysema, and with lung cancer. Smoking and breathing patterns were recorded, using a smoke-flow machine and a strain-gauge belt while the subject smoked a cigarette. Blood levels of COHb were determined before and after smoking. Of the smoking characteristics assessed, puff-inhalation time, puff peak pressure, and the venous difference in COHb level before and after smoking varied significantly among the smoker groups. Puff-inhalation time, reflecting the duration of smoke retention in the mouth, was only 0.08 s (i.e., practically zero) in smokers with pulmonary emphysema and differed significantly from the time in the other groups. This puffing characteristic may be the consequence or the cause of emphysema. If the latter is true, smokers with emphysema may perhaps lack the acute airway response to smoke inhalation that normally protects most smokers from immediately inhaling tobacco smoke.
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PMID:Smoking pattern of smokers with and without tobacco-smoke-related lung diseases. 397 75

Bronchoscopic examination to diagnose lung metastases has not been as rewarding as in primary lung cancer. Despite a lower expected yield, we believe the procedure has value in certain patients, ie, those with clinical findings of endobronchial disease. To determine better the value of bronchoscopy in this population, we retrospectively reviewed records of patients at five community teaching hospitals over a 66-month period. These patients all underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy. They had a history of prior nonpulmonary malignancy and an abnormal chest roentgenogram suspicious for recurrent malignant disease, or they presented with abnormal chest roentgenographic findings and further evaluation showed the lung disease to be metastatic. Bronchoscopy for metastatic lung disease was most likely diagnostic in patients with primary colorectal cancer (79 percent) and breast cancer (57 percent), and least likely in patients with genitourinary tract cancer (33 percent). Hemoptysis, signs of local airway obstruction, or a roentgenogram showing either atelectasis or diffuse lung disease especially favored a positive biopsy. Bronchoscopy is a valuable diagnostic procedure in selected patients with metastatic lung disease.
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PMID:Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of bronchoscopy in neoplasm metastatic to lung. 400 60


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