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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although much of the evidence in environmental lung disease remains equivocal, some environmental exposures are known to be clinically relevant. Ambient air pollution remains of concern as a source of morbidity, particularly for susceptible populations such as persons with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cardiac disease and the elderly. The adverse effects of several components of indoor air pollution have been established. Environmental tobacco smoke contributes to lower-respiratory illness in infants; office workers exposed to thermophilic actinomycetes contaminating ventilation systems have developed hypersensitivity pneumonitis; and in the home, components of house dust and fungus spores may provoke asthma via immediate hypersensitivity. The evidence is less compelling for a link between other exposures and disorders of the respiratory tract. For example, formaldehyde may be responsible for provoking vague respiratory symptoms and even nasal cancers; however, the associations are unproved. Likewise, the relation between low-level exposure to asbestos and the development of lung cancer, although a concern, is not conclusively established. The clinician should be aware of practical measures for patients who inquire about air cleaning. Often, relatively simple solutions are effective. A knowledge of sources and exposures as well as an understanding of the principles of inhalation lung injury should prove useful in directing patient care.
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PMID:Environmentally mediated disorders of the respiratory tract. 218 Dec 9

The majority of lung cancers present as either a solitary parenchymal nodule or mass or as a hilar mass that demonstrates progressive growth with time. Unusual parenchymal manifestations of lung cancer include a nodule or mass that may decrease in size without therapy; intrinsic calcification; thin-walled cavitation; a meniscus sign; unifocal or multifocal alveolar infiltrates; satellite nodules; and multiple well-defined pulmonary nodules or masses. Unusual bronchial manifestations of lung cancer include widely separated areas of segmental or lobar atelectasis, mucoid impaction of bronchi, and obstructive hyperinflation. In the pleural space, bronchogenic carcinoma may occasionally be manifested as spontaneous pneumothorax, diffuse nodular tumor spread, and isolated effusion. Unusual mediastinal manifestations of lung cancer include primary mediastinal bronchogenic carcinoma, "downhill" esophageal varices, pulmonary artery invasion and infarction, pericardial and cardiac invasion, and esophageal obstruction. In addition, lung cancer may arise as a complication of bullous lung disease and a number of conditions that cause focal or diffuse lung scarring. Through increased familiarity with these varied manifestations of lung cancer, and a high index of suspicion, it is hoped that the radiographic detection of lung cancer will be improved.
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PMID:Unusual radiographic manifestations of lung cancer. 218 65

Pulmonary disease screening system, including fluorography, interview and external respiration function tests was used in 6 regions of this country. Out of 90,262 people examined, 23,360 persons were subjected to external respiration function test. As a result of the screening, the following conditions were detected: active tuberculosis in 0.02-0.8%, lung cancer in 0.02-0.3%, X-ray positive and X-ray negative chronic non-specific bronchopulmonary diseases in 0.12-3.7% and 7.7-15.2% of these cases, respectively.
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PMID:[A system of comprehensive screening for tuberculosis and other chronic diseases of the respiratory organs in a rural area]. 225 88

Seven cases (1.9%) of simultaneous bilateral pneumothoraces were found in a retrospective study of 377 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax during the period from July, 1977 to June, 1989. Their symptoms were essentially those of unilateral pneumothorax, but with more severe dyspnea. All but two cases, both young, had underlying pulmonary diseases. Three (two lung cancers and one metastatic lung disease) had malignant pulmonary disease. During this period, five lung cancer patients were complicated with pneumothorax, and two of them had simultaneous bilateral pneumothoraces. Therefore the frequency of bilateral pneumothoraces in the lung cancer patients associated with pneumothorax is high. In these three patients with malignant disease, tube drainage was carried out but all died of respiratory failure. Two senile patients had small bilateral pneumothoraces. Bed rest without invasive treatment led to successful cure. Two younger patients without underlying pathology initially underwent tube drainage, followed by operation. We conclude that many patients with simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces have underlying pulmonary disease, the frequency of lung cancer being particularly high. Young patients without underlying disease should be operated on following alleviation of symptoms by tube drainage. Older patients and patients with malignancy should be treated with great care and individually.
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PMID:[Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces]. 227 60

A study was undertaken to test whether indium 111 (111In)-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (type ZCE 025) monoclonal intact antibody (MoAb) would concentrate in primary lung cancer enabling its detection and localization by scintigraphy. The scintigraphic results were correlated with chest radiograph, computed tomograph (CT), bronchoscopy, surgical resection, and tumor CEA analysis. Twenty adult male patients with clinical suspicion of primary lung cancer were studied. Each subject was infused with 4 to 5 mCi of 111In anti-CEA ZCE 025 MoAb, and planar and tomographic scintiphotos were obtained on days 3 and 6 or 7 postinfusion. The scintigraphy was true-positive in 12 of 16 patients with primary lung cancer, eight of nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and four of seven with adenocarcinoma; it was true-negative in three of four patients with benign lung disease with an overall accuracy of 75%. In seven patients with confirmed primary lung cancer, but with negative bronchoscopic findings, the scintigraphy was true-positive in four. In 11 patients with definitely positive or suspicious malignancy by bronchoscopy the monoclonal scintigraphy was positive in eight. In true-positive cases, the location and size of the lesion by 111In anti-CEA ZCE 025 MoAb imaging correlated well with CT findings and also tumor mass at surgery. Only one of 12 tumors stained positive for CEA had serum CEA levels greater than 10 ng/ml, indicating nonleakage of the tumor antigen into general circulation in early lung cancer. It is concluded that 111In anti-CEA ZCE 025 MoAb planar and tomographic imaging shows potential to serve as a noninvasive diagnostic test in the evaluation of primary lung cancer. The lung lesion is likely to be malignant if it concentrates 111In anti-CEA ZCE 025 MoAb and benign if it does not. Further studies in large number of patients with suspected primary lung cancer are needed to define the ultimate role for MoAb scintigraphy.
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PMID:Evaluation of primary lung cancer with indium 111 anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (type ZCE-025) monoclonal antibody scintigraphy. 229 36

We examined the differences in tracheal mucus rheology between nonsmokers and smokers, and between smokers with and without lung cancer. Mucus was collected from patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy without atropine by holding a cytology brush in contact with the tracheal mucosa for 10 to 15 s. Samples were obtained from 43 patients 24 to 79 yr of age: nine nonsmokers, 18 current smokers, and 16 exsmokers (greater than 6 months); 12 patients (nine smokers, three exsmokers) had lung cancer. Pulmonary function testing showed that the nonsmoker patients had significant restrictive lung disease, and the patients with cancer had significant irreversible airway obstruction. The viscoelastic properties of the mucus samples were determined by magnetic microrheometry. Two parameters are reported: G* (modulus of rigidity) and tan delta (loss tangent), each measured at 1 and 100 rad/s. G* is an index of overall deformability (elastic and viscous), and tan delta is the ratio of viscous to elastic deformability. For nonsmoker patients, the viscoelastic parameters were virtually identical to those found previously for normal volunteers. For smokers without cancer, the mucus had a lower value of tan delta 1 rad/s and therefore was predicted to be more easily transportable by ciliary action; for exsmokers without cancer, ciliary transportability as calculated from viscoelasticity was even higher because of both low tan delta and low G*. Mucus from patients with cancer was not significantly different from that of nonsmokers; however, the mucus was predicted to be less easily clearable by ciliary action than was that from smokers and exsmokers without cancer, mainly because of a higher tan delta at 1 rad/s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Tracheal mucus rheology in patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Interrelations with smoking and cancer. 233 32

We determined the incidence of increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid eosinophil percentages in 1,059 consecutive patients undergoing bronchoscopy with BAL over a 33-month period. Forty-eight (48) patients were found to have 5% or more BAL eosinophils. The most common causes for increased BAL eosinophils were interstitial lung diseases (40% of patients), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated pneumonia (17% of patients), idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia (15% of patients), and drug-induced lung disease (12% of patients). Together, these four diagnoses accounted for 84% of all patients. In contrast, eosinophils were uncommon in the BAL of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome, lung cancer, community-acquired pneumonia, or immunocompromising diseases other than AIDS. The finding of increased BAL eosinophils was most helpful in patients presenting with unexplained pulmonary infiltrates. In these patients, this finding was often an important clue to the final diagnosis. We conclude that although the finding of an increased percentage of BAL eosinophils is uncommon, when present it is relatively specific for a limited number of diseases.
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PMID:Diagnostic significance of increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophils. 238 17

Sera from 171 patients with advanced lung cancer, from 110 normals, and from 123 subjects with benign respiratory diseases were analyzed for 10 substances to detect lung cancer: ferritin, lipid-bound sialic acid, total sialic acid, beta 2-microglobulin, lipotropin, the alpha and beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin, calcitonin (two assays), parathyroid hormone, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Individual markers were studied, and optimal combinations of markers were sought for discriminating lung cancer patients from normals and from patients with benign lung disease. Numerous methods for combining the markers were examined, but the methods of logistic regression and recursive partitioning were finally adopted. The best discrimination rules we could find used only carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and total sialic acid (TSA). The performance of these rules was validated on an independent serum panel containing sera from 68 patients with advanced lung cancer, from 40 normals, and from 52 patients with benign respiratory disease. The combination rules based on TSA and CEA performed better than a rule based on CEA alone. Logistic discrimination rules with TSA and CEA that were designed to have 95% specificity achieved 54% sensitivity for discriminating advanced lung cancer from normal controls and 52% sensitivity for discriminating advanced lung cancer from controls with benign disease. Some aspects of clinical applicability are discussed, including planned studies for localized lung cancer and the requirement for further testing in specific clinical settings.
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PMID:Multiple markers for lung cancer diagnosis: validation of models for advanced lung cancer. 242 26

A radioimmunometric assay was developed from P3 lung carcinoma target cells to detect anti-lung cancer antibodies. Of 100 sera from lung cancer patients tested, 80 (80%) were positive. However, only 6/30 (20%) sera from cancer patients with other cancers, 1/25 (4%) of sera from patients with nonmalignant lung disease, and 0/20 sera from healthy donors were positive. Quantitative absorptions showed that sera from lung cancer patients cross-reacted with other lung cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, and/or fetal lung tissues, but not with breast carcinomas, melanomas, sarcomas, fetal skin, or normal lung tissues. Two lung cancer antigens were defined: LCA-1, which shared antigenic determinants with GI tumors and fetal lung tissues, and LCA-2, which showed cross-reactivity only with GI tumors.
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PMID:A radioimmunometric assay for the detection and characterization of lung cancer-associated antibodies in sera of lung cancer patients. 243 4

Urinary levels of immunoreactive (IR) human NH2-terminal (hNT) of pro-opiomelanocortin were measured in 43 patients with various cell types of lung cancer (19 squamous cells, 12 oat cells, 2 large cells, and 10 adenocarcinoma), 32 patients with benign lung disease, two patients after hypophysectomy, and in 23 healthy volunteers. Lung cancer patients were divided into two subgroups according to the stage of the disease: 22 patients had "limited", and 21 patients "extensive" disease. Urinary and plasma levels were measured in 9 patients with lung cancer before and after radio- and chemotherapy or surgery. Urine samples were dialyzed and IR hNT material was extracted by Sep Pak C-18 cartridges using a propanol-2/TFA solvent system. The plasma and urinary IR hNT levels of the normal controls were 124 +/- 25 pg/ml and 47.8 +/- 14.5 pg/mg creatinine, respectively. The plasma levels of IR hNT were elevated (greater than mean + 2SD) in 65% of our patients with histologically proven lung cancer (422 +/- 775, mean +/- SD, pg/ml). The highest incidence of an elevated plasma level of IR hNT was found in oat cell carcinoma (83%). Elevated plasma IR hNT occurred in 66% of the patients with benign pulmonary disease (246 +/- 141 pg/ml, N.S.). In cancer patients with "limited" disease we found levels of 226 +/- 143 pg/ml and in patients with "extensive" disease 627 +/- 1074 pg/ml (N.S.). The urinary IR hNT level in lung cancer patients was 186 +/- 337 pg/mg creatinine and 81% of our patients had elevated levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urinary levels of immunoreactive NH2-terminal of pro-opiomelanocortin in patients with malignant pulmonary disease. 253 37


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