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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of elevated serum levels of 5 potential tumour-associated antigens was determined in patients with lung cancer sampled at the time of initial presentation, using age- and sex-matched patients with benign lung disease as controls. Elevated levels (greater than upper 95th centile of controls) were found as follows: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 17%; pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin (PAM), 16%; casein 14%; human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 6%; alpha-foetoprotein (AFP), 1.5%. The prevalence of elevated CEA levels (but not other markers) was higher in patients with evidence of extra-thoracic tumour spread (23%) mainly due to anaplastic tumours and adenocarcinomas. A degree of concordance of elevated marker levels occurred with CEA, HCG, casein and AFP, but there was a striking discordance of elevated CEA and PAM levels. Simultaneous assays of CEA and PAM will detect the majority of patients with elevations of any of the markers studied, and are likely to be the most useful biochemical markers in following the response of lung tumours to therapy.
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PMID:Serum biochemical markers in lung cancer. 7 72

Evidence accumulated since 1964 appears to show that occupation, not cigarette smoking, may be the primary cause of lung disease, especially of cancer and chronic obstructive disease. Comparisons of groups of individuals who smoke more with those who smoke less actually serve to contrast groups with a high proportion of blue-collar workers exposed to toxic fumes and a low proportion of professionals, managers, and proprietors with groups having lower proportions of blue-collar workers and higher proportions of professionals, managers, and proprietors. Thus, many diseases associated with smoking actually may be of occupational origin. Indeed, more than a dozen recent investigations of lung cancer epidemics among industrial workers have failed to find smoking to be a major cause (in some, not even a contributing cause). This evidence is strengthened further by shifts in the incidence of lung cancer that follow in time shifts in industrial employment patterns. Yet a worker's past smoking habits seem to play a key role in decreasing compensation awards for injuries that actually may be due to occupational exposure rather than personal habits. Thus, the relationship between smoking, occupation, and disease needs serious clarification. Smoking appears to have been used to divert attention away from the effects of occupational and environmental exposures to toxic substances.
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PMID:Does smoking kill workers or working kill smokers? OR The mutual relationship between smoking, occupation, and respiratory disease. 15 Apr 6

Twenty one patients with lung cancer and twelve patients with unspecified lung disease were evaluated by means of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity skin tests with tumour associated antigen. Nine of these patients with lung cancer and seven healthy persons were evaluated by in vitro assays of lymphocyte function to tumour associated antigen (TAA) from "Cancerotest Dessau". We did not find a statistically significant lymphocyte transformation to the testing concentration of TAA. For the same patients with lung cancer and controls we found statistically significant results of the mean lymphocyte transformation to phytohemagglutinin. It has been shown that the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity skin tests demonstrated "false positive" reactions to TAA. It is possible that this is an expression of the irritative effects of TAA. It is estimated that the application of the antigens in this form presented and in this chosen examination conditions, does not allow for definite diagnostic assessment to be expected.
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PMID:[Use of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity skin test and in vitro assays of lymphocyte function to tumour associated antigen in patients with lung cancer (author's transl)]. 15 Jul 80

The level of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was elevated in 15 of 17 patients with active sarcoidosis. Serum ACE was studied to determine the effect of chronic lung disease upon the blood level of an enzyme believed to originate from the lungs. The assay was performed in approximately 200 control subjects and 200 patients with chronic lung disease using hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine as substrate. Enzyme activity greater in male control subjects than in female subjects of comparable age and greater in children than in adults. Serum ACE was significantly reduced in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, lung cancer, tuberculosis and cystic fibrosis, as compared to control subjects, and was even lower in those receiving corticosteroids. Of greatest interest, however, was that levels in patients with active sarcoidosis not receiving steroids were greater than 2 standard deviations above the mean for the adult control subjects (greater than 11.6 units) whereas levels in patients with sarcoidosis receiving steroids and in those with resolved disease were normal. A survey of subjects with other granulomatous diseases failed to reveal any other condition that was significantly associated with a similar elevation of serum ACE levels. Elevation of ACE levels in sarcoidosis appears to be associated with the active disease process and does not appear to be a familial inherited enzyme abnormality. An assay of serum ACE is a useful tool for regulating therapy in sarcoidosis and for confirming the diagnosis, since it readily distinguishes these patients from others with tuberculosis, lung cancer or lymphoma.
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PMID:Elevation of serum angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) level in sarcoidosis. 16 92

ProACTH was identified by radioimmunoassay and column chromatography in extracts of 38 lung carcinomas. One hundred patients were evaluated because of abnormalities on chest roentgenograms; 53 (72 per cent) of 74 with lung cancers had increased plasma ACTH immunoreactivity; all 26 with benign abnormalities had normal ACTH. Of 101 patients with obstructive lung disease, five of 20 with elevated plasma ACTH levels and two of 81 with normal plasma ACTH levels had lung cancer within two years. In three of 31 patients with granulomatous lung disease plasma ACTH levels were elevated during acute exacerbation of the disease, but they returned to normal after recovery. We conclude that plasma ACTH immunoreactivity is frequently increased early in the course of lung carcinoma.
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PMID:ProACTH: use for early detection of lung cancer. 22 Aug 73

In sera of 72 patients with lung cancer, 20 patients with various benign lung diseases and 34 age matched controls circulating immune complexes were determined by column chromatography on Sepharose 6 B and subsequent testing of the eluate for macromolecular IgG as well as by inhibition of radiolabelled C1q binding to sensitized sheep erythrocytes. Whereas in both control and benign lung disease-sera complexes could be detected in less than 5%, sera of lung cancer patients showed macromolecular IgG in 83% and C1q reactive material in 53% at the time of diagnosis. Patients with metastases exhibited a significantly higher percentage of positive reactions than those without metastases (macromolecular IgG 93%/68%, C1q 71%/28%). The size of the complexes increased with the extent of disease. So far, no signficiant changes in circulating immune complexes could be demonstrated id pretherapeutic values were compared with those after X-ray-, chemo- or immunotherapy with one exception, which is an increase of C1q reactive material after radiotherapy.
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PMID:[Circulating immune complexes in bronchogenic carcinoma: relation to extent of disease and to therapy (author's transl)]. 37 26

Thyroid function was assessed at the time of initial diagnosis in 204 patients with lung cancer and compared with that of age and sex-matched patients with non-malignant lung disease. Abnormalities in thyroid function were found in 67 patients (33%). The most prevalent abnormality was a low T3 concentration; this was not associated with other clinical or biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism, but the short-term prognosis of these patients was worse than that of matched patients with lung cancer having normal T3 concentrations. Primary hypothyroidism occurred in three patients, low T4 concentrations and free thyroxine index (FTI) with normal thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations in four patients, and moderately raised TSH with normal thyroid hormone concentrations in six patients; nine patients had a raised FTI with or without raised T4 concentration as the sole abnormality.Overall, the pattern of thyroid hormone metabolism in lung cancer was a tendency towards reduced T3 concentrations with significantly increased T4/T3 ratios and modestly increased 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) concentrations. The altered T4/T3 ratio was particularly noticeable in patients with anaplastic tumours of small ("oat cell") and large cell types, but was not apparently related to detectable extrathoracic metastases.These data suggest that thyroid hormone metabolism is altered in patients with lung cancer by decreased 5'-monodeiodination of T4. The resulting low T3 concentrations and altered T4/T3 ratio may be partly responsible for the reduced ratio of androsterone to aetiocholanolone observed in lung cancer, which is known to be a poor prognostic sign.
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PMID:Thyroid function in lung cancer. 62 Feb 66

Mortality rates for coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic non-specific lung disease (CNSLD), and lung cancer for ages 45-74 years were studied for British and Norwegian migrants to the U.S. and for sample of U.S. native-born. The observed order for CHD and lung cancer was as anticipated, with native-born experiencing the highest CHD rate, British migrants the highest lung cancer rate, and, in each instance, Norwegian migrants experiencing the lowest rates. For CNSLD, contrary to national comparisons, the British migrant rates were about equal to the U.S. native-born although Norwegian migrant rates were lowest, as expected. Migrants who were younger than 15 years of age at migration experienced the highest CHD mortality levels, but a decreasing gradient in mortality level with increasing age at migration did not materialize. Due to inherent limitations in the data, results for CNSLD and lung cancer mortality levels with respect to age at migration remain uncertain. Data on cigarette smoking status indicated substantial excess mortality for cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers and occasional smokers for all groups studied.
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PMID:Cardiorespiratory disease mortality among British and Norwegian migrants to the United States. 70 86

Patterns of prevalence, amount, and cessation of smoking are computed for occupations by socioeconomic class, sex, and race, based on a probability sample of 39,011 households collected by the 1970 Health Interview Survey. Smoking is most prevalent in blue-collar occupations, while a high proportion of professionals and managers who smoke, stop smoking. Within industries, substantially higher percentages of individuals smoke in lower prestige paying jobs, while more smokers quit in the higher prestige paying jobs. Smoking is most prevalent among women managers and professionals, and least among those employed in traditional work. One surprising and possibly very important finding is that white smokers smoke about 20% more cigarettes per day than black smokers. Not only would it seem unreasonable to ascribe the larger rate of lung disease among blacks than whites (especially cancer), to smoking when blacks smoke significantly fewer cigarettes than whites, but this same negative relationship points to occupational exposure as the possible major cause for lung cancer.
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PMID:Smoking patterns by occupation, industry, sex, and race. 73 15

A study of patients in whom soft-palate pigmentation appeared to be associated with pulmonary disease has been reported. A significant number of these patients had diagnosed or suspected bronchogenic carcinoma. The possibility that this oral finding may be predictive of the presence of lung cancer, or of a high degree of probability of future development of lung cancer, indicates a need for additional investigation. At this point the evidence strongly suggests that when soft-palate pigmentation is seen in a patient with lung disease, cancer should be suspected until it is definitely ruled out. The paucity of patients in whom this sign is seen suggests the need for study by other investigators. ACTH levels should be evaluated, as should plasma zinc values, which have been demonstrated to decrease in lung cancer as well as other diseases. Following the patients prospectively certainly is indicated. In conjunction with the Department of Laboratory Medicine, limited initial additional investigations have been made of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels on three of the outpatients reported. These assays used the hemagglutination-inhibition technique and are limited to investigational use by the Food and Drug Administration. In this laboratory the normal CEA level is 5.2 +/- 1.6 ng./ml. Results in two patients with known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were 5.5 and 5.6 ng./ml. The third patient with soft-palate pigmentation and an undiagnosed pulmonary problem had a CEA level of 10.2 ng./ml. She also had clubbing of the fingers. The senior author would be particularly interested in establishing a registry of similar cases observed by others.
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PMID:Soft-palate pigmentation in lung disease, including cancer. 106 77


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