Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A standardized proportional mortality ratio (SPMR) study of 8,887 deaths during 1980-1989 among male workers in a large integrated iron-steel complex in Anshan, China, was conducted to provide clues to occupational risk factors. Accidents and cancer accounted for a higher proportion of deaths among the iron-steel workers than among the general male population (SPMR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.12-1.31 and 1.14; 95% CI = 1.10-1.18, respectively). Among all workers, SPMRs were significantly elevated for stomach, lung, and colorectal cancers (SPMR = 1.37, 1.37, 1.38, respectively), but not other cancers. Risks of stomach cancer appeared to be highest among workers employed in jobs with exposure to iron and coal dust, whereas significant increases in colorectal cancer were seen for loading and other dusty jobs and for administrative and sedentary jobs without dust exposure. Risks of lung cancer appeared increased for a variety of jobs throughout the complex, especially those with probable high levels of exposure to polycyclic hydrocarbons and asbestos. Risk of esophageal cancer was significantly elevated for fire-resistant brick makers, and risk of nonmalignant respiratory disease was significantly elevated for those employed as furnace workers, foundry workers, and fire-resistant brick makers.
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PMID:Cancer risks among iron and steel workers in Anshan, China, Part I: Proportional mortality ratio analysis. 883 75

The interum results of a multicenter study on extended segmentectomy for small lung tumors and the results reported by Lung Cancer Study Group are discussed. The multi-center study was started in 1992. The inclusion criterium was the presence of a peripheral tumor of less than 2 cm in diameter on chest X-ray films. Seventy three patients were initially enlisted for the study, but 18 patients underwent lobectomy instead because of various reasons such as true or false-positive N1 or N2 disease. The remaining 55 patients were enrolled in this study. The lymph nodes around the segmental and lobar bronchi were examined during operation using fronzen section. Dissection or sampling of the mediastinal lymph nodes was documented. The amount of lung tissues resected was actually more than one segment, because the resection line far entered the adjacent one. Five patients died; one due to local recurrence, known to have the close resection line to the tumor and one of acute myocardial infarction, one of cerebral stroke, one for esophageal cancer and one due to pulmonary metastases on the non-affected side, with no evidence of local recurrence except the first patients. The interim results suggest that the extended segmentectomy is suitable for patients with N0 small tumors.
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PMID:[Extended segmentectomy for small lung cancer]. 904 15

It has been suggested that the frequency, type, and location of p53 mutations (mutational spectra) can be linked to specific exogenous and endogenous carcinogenic agents and processes. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) provides an excellent tumor model to evaluate the utility of the p53 mutational spectra, given that it has well-defined and strong risk factors (tobacco and alcohol). The purpose of this analysis was to establish the pattern of p53 mutations in SCCHN and evaluate this mutational spectrum in comparison to the spectra for other cancers with similar and different risk factors, including cancers of the esophagus, lung, and colon. p53 mutational data were obtained from head and neck tumors collected at the University of North Carolina Hospitals and the published literature. A total of 14 of 33 tumors from the University of North Carolina Hospitals (42%) were found to have a p53 mutation. The alterations included three transversions, seven transitions, two deletions, and two suspected codon 47 polymorphisms. In general, SCCHN and esophageal cancer share a similar mutational pattern in contrast to colon cancer. These two aerodigestive tract cancers were statistically different from lung cancer, despite sharing tobacco as a major risk factor. For example, G-->T transversions, a mutation type considered to be characteristic of exogenous DNA-damaging agents including tobacco smoke carcinogens, varied among tobacco-related cancer sites (14% SCCHN, 11% esophageal, and 31% lung) in contrast to colon cancer (6%). The comparison of mutational spectra for SCCHN and other cancers indicates that the effects of both tobacco and alcohol exposure may yield a pattern of p53 mutations that reflects elements of both exogenous and endogenous exposures.
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PMID:p53 mutations in head and neck cancer: new data and evaluation of mutational spectra. 923 36

A nation-wide questionnaire survey was undertaken concerning low-dose anticancer therapy of CDDP plus 5-FU, which involves (5-10 mg CDDP/body/day + 300-500 mg/body/day) for 4-6 weeks. Out of 1,525 cases from 130 institutions, 847 cases with evaluable lesions were collected from 79 institutions. The response rate was 56.4% in esophageal cancer, 34.3% in gastric cancer, 35.3% in colorectal cancer, 47.2% in liver cancer and 35.9% in lung cancer, respectively. Adverse effects were found to be fewer and compliance was much better than the conventional therapy. Such figures suggest that the present regimen may be more effective than any so far. Problems for medical administration such as unlicensed CDDP for colorectal cancer were pointed out, which hinder the forthcoming third phase study.
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PMID:[Current status of low-dose CDDP. 5-FU therapy for solid malignant tumors--nationwide questionnaire survey]. 935 Feb 33

1. Protein-bound polysaccharides, designated as PSK and PSP, have been isolated from the CM-101 strain and the COV-1 strain, respectively, of the mushroom Coriolus versicolor. This article aims at summarizing existing research findings about PSP since information on PSK is well documented. 2. PSP possesses a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa. Glutamic and aspartic acids are abundant in its polypeptide component, whereas its polysaccharide component is made up of monosaccharides with alpha-1,4 and beta-1,3 glucosidic linkages. The presence of fucose in PSK and rhamnose and arabinose in PSP distinguishes the two protein-bound polysaccharides, which are otherwise chemically similar. 3. PSP is classified as a biological response modifier. It induces, in experimental animals, increased gamma-interferon production, interleukin-2 production, and T-cell proliferation. It also counteracts the depressive effect of cyclophosphamide on white blood cell count, interleukin-2 production and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Its antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines and in vivo antitumor activity have been demonstrated. A small peptide with a molecular weight of 16-18 kDa originating from PSP has been produced with antiproliferative and antitumor activities. 4. PSP administered to patients with esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer, and who are undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy, helps alleviate symptoms and prevents the decline in immune status.
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PMID:A review of research on the protein-bound polysaccharide (polysaccharopeptide, PSP) from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor (Basidiomycetes: Polyporaceae). 945 74

We report on 10 patients with severe malignant "mixed-type" obstruction of the proximal trachea or distal trachea plus both main stem bronchi. They had far-advanced inoperable tumors (esophageal cancer in 4 patients, lung cancer in 3, and recurrent laryngeal, uvular, and thyroid cancers in 1 each). Emergency treatment consisted of a dilating bougie maneuver followed by the insertion of a large one-way (4 patients) or Y-shaped (6) silicone prosthesis. Subsequent to the intervention, there was long-lasting clinical improvement. The median survival from stent insertion was 8 months for all patients irrespective of tumor type; it was 5 months for lung carcinoma patients and 8 months for those with esophageal cancer. The results are in accordance with those of other studies using different therapeutic modalities. Stent exchange proved necessary in 5 patients. The main reasons were continuing tumor growth beyond the proximal and distal boundaries and recurrent productive bronchial infection. Patients died of pneumonia (4 patients), pulmonary lymphangitic spread (1), heart failure (2, one of whom also had pneumonia), and fatal hemorrhage (1). As of December 1995, 3 patients were still alive, 2, 5, and 8 months after stent implantation. As evidenced by clinical efficacy and length of palliation, endoscopic placement of silicone-based one-way and bifurcated prostheses in far-advanced tumor of the central airways is technically feasible and ethically justifiable.
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PMID:Emergency stenting of malignant obstruction of the upper airways: long-term follow-up with two types of silicone prostheses. 948 10

For the purpose of evaluating the feasibility of inducing CD34-positive cells in peripheral blood by radiation therapy, we examined the changes in CD34-positive cells in 21 cancer patients (16 with lung cancer and five with esophageal cancer) during thoracic radiotherapy using flow cytometry and CD34 monoclonal antibody. Although assays of granulocyte-colony-forming units (G-CFU) and granulocyte-monocyte-colony-forming units (GM-CFU) were also performed for 16 of the patients during radiation therapy, in most of these cases there was approximately one G-CFU or GM-CFU for every 100 CD34-positive cells. Seven of the 21 cancer patients showed percentages of CD34-positive cells of more than 3% (more than mean + 2 S.D.; standard deviation) of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood in at least one of the examinations. However, six of these seven patients were in stage IV with distant metastases (four with lung cancer and two with esophageal cancer), and another lung cancer patient was in stage III. Therefore, CD-34 positive cells were shown to appear in peripheral blood especially in the patients with advanced stages of malignancy, and further examinations are needed to induce CD34-positive cells by radiation therapy for possible application of ultra-high dose chemotherapy supported by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
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PMID:CD34-positive cell yield in peripheral blood of cancer patients during radiation therapy. 956 31

We have been investigating the mathematical nature of intercancer linkage that underlies the mutual regulation of cancer risks between any 2 tumors in their variations in time and space. Applications of both sequential regression test and topological manipulation of age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) data set enabled us to prepare the oncogene (Onc) activation profile and the tumor suppressor gene (TSG) inactivation profile for each tumor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between the changes of 2 cancer gene profiles and the sex discrimination of cancer risk in 7 human neoplasias. Results obtained are as follows: i) The sex discrimination of cancer risk could better be defined by the use of log-transformed AAIR data rather than of untransformed AAIR data. ii) The sex discrimination of cancer risk, as calculated with the AAIR data of 47 population units of the world, is as follows: a) breast cancer (Br), M:F=1:120.2; b) thyroid cancer (Thy), M:F=1:2. 64; c) colon cancer (Co), M:F=1.18:1; d) liver cancer (Li), M:F=2. 63:1; e) lung cancer (Lu), M:F=3.66:1; f) esophageal cancer (Eso), M:F=3.68:1; g) laryngeal cancer (Lar), M:F=7.26:1. iii) Female-dominant cancers were associated with inversion (Br) or defectiveness (Thy) of male oncogene profile, whereas male-dominant cancers were associated with inversion (Lar) or defectiveness (Li, Lu and Eso) of female Onc profiles. Sex-indifferent cancer, Co, was distinguished from other tumors by the emergence of defectiveness in the TSG profiles of both sexes. TSG defectiveness was also detectable in female (Br, Thy) and bisexual (Lu) tumors. iv) The Onc vs TSG interaction, as assessed in terms of r value of the reciprocal regression analysis, was increasing in its positivity rate from the top of the female-dominant family (Br) through the sex-indifferent tumor (Co) to the bottom of the male-dominant family (Lar). In conclusion, the emergence of sex discrimination of cancer risk was positively correlated to the extent of integrity of oncogene activation in the dominant gender relative to the recessive gender. Findings with 6 sex-discriminant tumors are discussed in their relevancy to tumorigenesis from the point of view of endocrinological epidemiology.
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PMID:Relation between the changes of oncogene versus tumor suppressor gene interaction and the transition of cancer risk from female dominance through no sex discrimination to male dominance, as investigated by the reciprocal regression analysis of 5 human neoplasias. 968 28

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) open reading frame BHRF1, a homologue of the oncogene bcl-2, was cloned from a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The resulting recombinant BHRF1 fusion protein, with an apparent molecular weight of 35 KD, was used as antigen in an immunoblotting assay for IgG antibody in human sera. Anti-BHRF1 antibody was detected in 57 (61.3%) of 93 patients with NPC, 5 (5.7%) of 87 patients with nonmalignant diseases of the nasopharynx, and in 1 (1.3%) of 78 healthy blood donors. The positivity rate in these nonmalignant patients was 4.4 times that of the normal controls. Negative results were observed in four patients with infectious mononucleosis and patients with other cancers, including 4 with esophageal cancer, 11 with lung cancer, 10 with lymphoma, 13 with gastric carcinoma, 10 with cervical carcinoma, and 10 with other head and neck cancers. Antibody neutralizing EBV DNase and IgA antibody to viral capsid antigen (VCA) were assayed in parallel. The results showed that 7.5% of the NPC patients were negative for anti-DNase and anti-VCA antibodies and EBV infection could be detected by the anti-BHRF1 antibody alone. The demonstration of anti-BHRF1 antibody in most NPC sera strongly supports the hypothesis that the EBV BHRF1 protein is expressed in most NPC patients and its specific antibody can be a useful marker for the diagnosis of NPC.
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PMID:Antibody against the Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1 protein, a homologue of Bcl-2, in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 978 82

Researchers have investigated green tea as a potential protectant against cancer. This review focuses on studies of green tea in humans. Green tea contains polyphenols, chemicals that act as powerful antioxidants. Epidemiological and human studies have shown varying results. Thirty-one human studies and four reviews were examined. Among five studies reporting on colon cancer, three found an inverse association and one reported a positive association. For rectal cancer, only one of four studies reported an inverse association; increased risks were seen in two of the studies. An inverse association is suggested for urinary bladder cancer in two of two studies. Of 10 studies examining the association of green tea and stomach cancer, 6 suggest an inverse and 3 a positive association. The most comprehensive of these studies supports an inverse association of green tea and stomach cancer. Pancreatic cancer studies hint at an inverse association in two of three studies. A strong inverse effect was found with green tea and esophageal cancer. Lung cancer studies have shown an inverse effect with Okinawan tea, yet tentatively increased risk was shown in another study. Although human studies have their limitations, the research has warranted a further look into the effects of green tea and cancer.
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PMID:Green tea and cancer in humans: a review of the literature. 979 66


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