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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two successful cases of endoscopic therapy for esophageal fistula are reported herein. The first case was a 61-year-old man who underwent irradiation, chemotherapy and endoscopic laser beam therapy for esophageal cancer (Im T4N0M0 Stage III). Gastrografin -esophagogram revealed a fistula between esophagus and mediastinum after these therapy. Closure of the fistula was attainable using fibrin glue with a double-channel-fiber scope. The second case was a 43-year-old man who underwent chemotherapy and irradiation for lung cancer (S1,S2 T4N2M0 Stage IIIB) which invaded to mediastinum, trachea and esophagus. Bronchogram revealed a esophago-tracheal fistula one month later. We performed the same procedure as the first case, and confirmed reduction of the fistulous size. The endoscopic fibrin glue injection is an easy, safe and effective technique for the fistula even caused by malignancies, and contributes to the quality of life of these patients.
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PMID:[Two cases of esophageal fistula, in which a fibrin glue preparation was effective]. 783 32

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) affecting chromosome 9p has been shown to occur frequently in head and neck cancer, glioma, mesothelioma, melanoma, lung cancer, and numerous other tumor types. Chromosome 9p is therefore presumed to contain a tumor suppressor gene or genes. Since esophageal cancer shares characteristics with some of the above tumor types, we performed a detailed examination of 60 patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus for LOH at loci D9S162, IFNA, D9S171, D9S126, D9S104, D9S165, and D9S163. Multiplex polymerase chain reactions were performed with the inclusion of one radiolabeled nucleotide, and products were electrophoresed on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. Thirty-six of the 60 patients (60%) exhibited LOH at one or more loci on chromosome 9p. Eight of 17 patients (47%) with adenocarcinoma manifested LOH, while 28 of 43 (65%) with squamous cell carcinoma showed LOH. LOH was most frequent at loci D9S171 (19 of 23, or 83%) and D9S165 (24 of 32, or 75%). These data support the hypothesis that a tumor suppressor gene or genes located on this portion of chromosome 9p exert(s) an effect on esophageal cancer development.
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PMID:Frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9 in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. 795 53

Alternating chemoradiotherapy has recently been reported to produce encouraging results in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. We have treated 17 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper esophagus by alternating chemoradiotherapy and by following the patients for 2 to 5 years, or until their death. Chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil) was delivered during weeks 1, 4, and 7, and radiotherapy (180 to 200 cGy twice each day to 2,000 cGy) during weeks 2, 5, and 8 (total 6,000 cGy). Three patients (18%) died of toxicity (nadir sepsis). All 14 patients who survived the treatment achieved a complete response as shown by endoscopy and biopsy specimens, with restoration of swallowing, and none experienced a local relapse. Three patients died of distant metastases (actuarial incidence 32% at 3 years). The 5-year survival rate was only 16%, however, because 8 other patients with no evidence of the cancer died of a variety of other causes: radiation pneumonitis (1), chronic neutropenia (1), esophageal actinomycosis (1), pneumonia (2), stroke (1), myocardial infarction (1), and small-cell lung cancer (1). Conceivably, some further improvement in the results might occur from cytokines, stem cells, and brachytherapy (by decreasing deaths due to toxicity), but with so many causes of comorbidity it seems unlikely, for the foreseeable future, that the 5-year survival rate could be much improved by better treatment of esophageal cancer.
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PMID:Patterns of failure in carcinoma of the upper esophagus after alternating chemoradiotherapy. 797 65

The Lung Cancer Study Group, just prior to its demise, initiated efforts to develop clinical trials comparing primary resection for esophageal cancer with multimodality therapy. In initiating these proposals, a new staging system and map were developed that conformed to the staging system available for pulmonary malignancies. This staging system and map are currently being used by the ongoing intergroup trial in North America (INT-113).
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PMID:Esophageal cancer. Early efforts and proposals of the LCSG. 798 72

Thoracoscopy has become an important tool in the diagnosis and management of intrathoracic disease. Between April 1991 and October 1992, 93 patients underwent thoracoscopy. Lung resection was performed on nineteen patients for diagnoses of interstitial lung disease and on seven patients for pulmonary nodules. Eleven patients underwent therapeutic lung resection for management of pneumothorax or air leaks. Sixteen patients underwent thoracoscopy for pleural disease. This was to diagnose mesothelioma (2), to lyse benign adhesions (2), to drain empyema (2), and to evacuate loculated pleural effusion (10) thoracoscopically. Nine patients underwent thoracoscopic staging for lung cancer. Thirteen patients underwent thoracoscopic staging for esophageal cancer as part of a prospective trial. Other indications for thoracoscopy included pericardiectomy (6), sympathectomy (2), and resection of mediastinal mass (4). Thoracoscopy is an excellent option for patients at high risk from standard thoracotomy and may allow procedures to be performed which would prevent the need for open thoracotomy, resulting in shorter hospital stay and less postoperative pain.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of thoracoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of intrathoracic disease: the University of Maryland experience. 804 59

In this lecture, importance of growth factors in reproductive functions and cancer growth are discussed. Among many kinds of growth factors, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)alpha are mentioned; both of these are called as EGF family because these share a common receptor (EGF receptor) and show similar biological activities. It is known that growth factors are important in reproductive fields. They play vital roles in the follicle development and the endometrial proliferation in response to estrogen. We studied the expression and role of EGF and TGF alpha in human fallopian tube. Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR studies revealed the menstrual stages specific synthesis and expression of EGF and TGF alpha in tubal epithelial cells. They were abundant at the late follicular and luteal stages, were little at the early follicular stage, suggesting that these growth factors are expressed in response to estrogen. We, next, examined the role of these factors in early embryo development using mouse embryos. Embryo development was significantly improved when embryos were co-cultured with human tubal epithelial cells. However, the favorable effects of the tubal epithelial cells were almost completely abolished by the addition of anti-EGF and -TGF alpha neutralizing antibodies. These facts suggest that EGF and EGF alpha expressed in human epithelial cells promote embryo development in a paracrine manner. Autocrine mechanisms by growth factors are known to be important on cancer cell growth. Among many kinds of autocrine mechanisms TGF alpha/EGF receptor autocrine mechanism is the most commonly expressed in many kinds of cancers such as lung cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreas cancer and liver cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Growth factors in gynecology]. 808 8

It is well known that vocal cord paralysis is sometimes the only sign of an otherwise symptom-free malignant tumor. We report 69 cases of vocal cord paralysis caused by malignant tumor experienced at our clinic over the past 18 years. They consisted of 28 cases of thyroid cancer, 21 lung cancer, 14 esophageal cancer, 3 mediastinal tumors and 3 tumors of miscellaneous origin: 41 cases were male and 28 female. In the 65 patients with unilateral paralysis, the left side was affected in 45 and the right in 20. The remaining 4 patients had bilateral paralysis. There was a marked sex difference in the origin of malignant tumors; the incidence of lung cancer was higher in males with paralysis on the left side, while that of thyroid cancer was higher in females. Ultrasonography (US) of the neck, chest X-ray, CT scan of the chest and contrast esophagography should be performed for the detection of malignant tumors in cases with left paralysis, while US of the neck and chest X-ray appear to be sufficient in cases of right paralysis.
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PMID:Statistical analysis of malignant tumors detected as the cause of vocal cord paralysis. 820 15

We treated 10 cases of thoracic malignancy accompanied with cardiovascular disease. Among thoracic malignancy, 7 cases were lung cancer and 3 were esophageal cancer. Accompanied cardiovascular diseases were ischemic heart disease (2 cases), valvular disease (3 cases), WPW syndrome (1 case), aortic aneurysm (4 cases). The mean age was 66, ranged from 51 to 79. The simultaneous occurrence of the two lesions were observed in 6 cases and thoracic malignancy was diagnosed after a varying interval of time following surgery of cardiovascular disease in 4 cases. In cases of thoracic malignancy accompanied with heart disease, the treatment of heart disease should precede the operation of malignant disease to reduce the risk of surgery. For the patient with esophageal cancer, posterior mediastinal esophagostomy should be applied who may have heart surgery in future. In cases of coexisting malignancy and aortic aneurysm, the priority of treatment should be determined considering the size of aneurysm. If the transverse diameter of aneurysm is larger than 7 cm, there is a high risk of rupture, so surgery for the aneurysm precedes operation of malignant diseases. It is desirable to avoid concomitant operation of malignancy and cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:[Treatment of thoracic malignancy accompanied with cardiovascular disease]. 823 Sep 1

Photodynamic therapy utilizing Photofrin has proven to be an effective modality that can be used in the treatment of a wide variety of solid tumors and luminal cancers. An argon pumped dye laser or excimer dye laser was used to deliver 630 nm light via quartz fibers passed through the biopsy channel subsequent to i.v. injection of photosensitizer. In this study, 64 patients with superficial cancers were treated in this manner but only 58 patients, including 21 with roentgenographically occult lung cancer, 8 with stage I lung cancer, 5 with esophageal cancer, 12 with gastric cancer, 8 with cervical cancer and 4 with bladder cancer were evaluable. Complete remission was obtained in 48 out of 58 cases (82.8%). There was no serious complication except skin photosensitivity, which was seen in 13 patients. We conclude that photodynamic therapy is efficacious in the treatment of superficial cancers where complete remission may be achieved.
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PMID:Photodynamic therapy for cancers: a clinical trial of porfimer sodium in Japan. 827 25

This report describes the development of the first known national surgical database designed for the practicing community cardiothoracic surgeon. Acceptance by members of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons has been gratifying. The number of patients on the system has grown from 116,109 at the end of 1991 to an anticipated 350,000 to 450,000 by the end of 1993. At the time of this report, 842 surgeons were participating, and more than 1,200 will be on the system by the end of 1993. A risk stratification system has been incorporated into the software, which predicts each patient's risk based on the individual surgeon's past experience. Trend analyses demonstrate a substantial increase in the number of patients at increased risk for perioperative death for coronary artery bypass operations over the past 5 years, while observed mortality has remained relatively constant. Programs are available for adult and congenital heart disease, lung cancer, and esophageal cancer, and modules for mediastinal tumors, pleural disorders, and benign pulmonary disease will soon be added. We anticipate that growth will continue as the need for practice profile data increases because of reimbursement issues.
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PMID:The Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database status report. 827 77


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