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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper provides projections of incident cases of malignant neoplasms in Saarland, Germany, between 1988 and 2002. The analyses are based on population forecasts by the National Statistical Office and on age-cohort analyses of cancer incidence data from the population-based cancer registry of the Saarland. Due to dramatic demographic changes and increasing age-specific cancer incidence rates, the average yearly number of total incident cases of malignant neoplasms is projected to increase by 63.1% between 1983-1987 and 1998-2002 in men, with the strongest increase projected for colon cancer (+114.6%). In women, a modest increase (+7.1%) is projected for all malignant neoplasms, with stronger increases for colon cancer (+50.1%), lung cancer (+44%) and breast cancer (+27.4%), whereas decreasing annual numbers of cases are projected for cervical cancer (-51.6%), stomach cancer (-18.5%) and endometrial cancer (-10.2%). The results provide a quantitative basis for health care planning in the Saarland. They may also serve as a rough guide for other parts of Germany for which reliable cancer incidence data are not available.
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PMID:[Projection of new cancer diseases to the year 2002--a contribution to health planning in public health by the Saarland cancer registry]. 811 Nov 63

Previous studies have found high risk of cancers of the upper aerogastric tract, liver, and lung among waiters. Since approximately 75 percent of those working in the restaurant business in Norway are women, we have analyzed cancer incidence in a cohort of waitresses, to determine whether they have the same high cancer-risk as their male colleagues. The cohort consisted of 5,314 waitresses organized in the Restaurant Workers' Union between 1932 and 1978. The follow-up period was from 1959 to 1991. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for all causes of cancer was 1.0 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-1.1), based on 430 observed cases. Cancers of the tongue, mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver were grouped together as alcohol-associated cancers. SIR for these cancers combined was 1.1 (CI = 0.5-2.2). For lung cancer, SIR was 2.3 (CI = 1.6-3.1). Cervical cancer was also more frequent than expected, and breast cancer less frequent than expected. The larger excess of lung cancer and cervical cancer appeared in the sub-cohort working in restaurants with a license to serve alcohol. No excess risk of alcohol-associated cancers could be detected in this cohort of Norwegian waitresses. A longer follow-up period will be necessary to evaluate possible consequences of an increased alcohol consumption among younger waitresses. Waitresses in Norway are, like their male colleagues, at high risk for lung cancer.
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PMID:Cancer incidence among waitresses in Norway. 812 77

The basic cancer-related chemical and biological sciences, pathology, and epidemiology have contributed to the understanding that antimutagenesis and antiproliferation are the important general mechanisms of chemoprevention and to the development of antimutagenic and anti-proliferative agents as potential chemopreventive drugs. These disciplines have also provided the biochemical and histopathological bases for identifying intermediate biomarkers that can be used as surrogate end points for cancer incidence in clinical chemoprevention trials and for selecting cohorts for these trials. Particularly important as histological biomarkers of cancer are the cytonuclear morphological and densitometric changes that define intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN). IEN changes are on the causal pathway to cancer. They may serve as target lesions in Phase II chemoprevention trials and as standards against which other earlier cellular and molecular biomarkers can be evaluated. Strategies for the clinical evaluation of chemopreventive agents have been defined for seven targets--colorectal, prostate, lung, breast, bladder, oral, and cervical cancers. Cohorts have been identified for short-term Phase II trials that investigate the effects of chemopreventive agents on IEN and on earlier biomarkers. Patients with adenomas serve as a cohort for trials in colon. One cohort for Phase II trials in prostate is patients with early stage cancers scheduled for prostatectomy; another is patients with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (without prostatic carcinoma). Patients treated for lung cancer are at high risk for bronchial dysplasia and second cancers; such patients are a cohort for Phase II trials in lung cancer. Presurgical breast cancer patients and patients with ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ are cohorts for studies in breast. Patients with superficial bladder cancers (Ta/T1 with or without carcinoma in situ) are cohorts for studies of chemoprevention in bladder, and patients with dysplastic oral leukoplakia are evaluated for chemoprevention of oral cancers. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a prototype IEN, and patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are a cohort for studies of cervical cancer.
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PMID:Progress in cancer chemoprevention: perspectives on agent selection and short-term clinical intervention trials. 813 31

Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) is a water-soluble semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin. CPT-11 is a prodrug that undergoes deesterification in vivo to produce SN-38, a metabolite that is 1,000-fold more potent than the parent compound in vitro. CPT-11 is a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor with a broad spectrum of experimental antitumor activity. Recent clinical trials also reveal that CPT-11 is very effective in the treatment of cancers including lung cancer, cervix cancer, ovary cancer, etc. Now, comparative trials of combination chemotherapy in responsive tumors are indicated from these excellent clinical results.
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PMID:[Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11)]. 815 99

Cancer mortality rates for Aberdeen Area Indians exceed U.S. rates with lung cancer being the leading cause of cancer death. The Sioux Cancer Study, an ancillary study of the Strong Heart Study, investigated cancer and cancer risk factors among tribal members aged 45-74 in three Sioux tribes in North and South Dakota. An Indian-specific health risk appraisal was used to collect data and provide specific recommendations to participants. The high rates of smoking (56% for men and 48% for women) explain the high lung cancer mortality rates. Intensive smoking cessation and prevention programs will likely have the greatest impact in reducing preventable cancer deaths. More accessible cervical and breast cancer screening provided by female health care providers is needed to reduce preventable cancer deaths among Sioux women. Pap smear screening is an especially high priority since cervical cancer mortality is 4.4 times higher than U.S. rates, all races. Programs targeted to reduce obesity and excessive alcohol use will also likely reduce preventable cancer deaths associated with high rates of obesity, diabetes and binge drinking. Community-based cancer prevention and control programs tailored to the cancer risk factor profile of the community are the best strategy to reduce preventable cancer deaths in Indian communities.
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PMID:Cancer risk factors in three Sioux tribes. Use of the Indian-specific health risk appraisal for data collection and analysis. 816 Sep 19

To elucidate the relationship between the clinical manifestations and pathologic findings in pulmonary tumor embolism, we reviewed the autopsy and clinical records of 318 patients who died of various cancers, excluding lung cancer. Sixty-seven (21%) of the patients had at least one tumor embolus in the pulmonary arteries and 12 (3.8%) had multiple tumor emboli contributing to death. We considered that the 12 patients (6 with hepatoma, 3 with gastric cancer, and one each with colon cancer, pelvic cancer, and cervical cancer) had disease defined as pulmonary tumor embolism, and we fully analyzed these cases. Patients with hepatoma had manifestations of submassive pulmonary thromboembolism and patients with other cancers had manifestations of pulmonary microthromboembolism. The lungs of all of the 6 patients with hepatoma had both microscopic and macroscopic tumor emboli and 3 cases were accompanied by pulmonary infarction. On the other hand, the lungs of all of the remaining 6 patients had microscopic (including intracapillary) tumor emboli and 4 cases were accompanied by diffuse alveolar damage. The lung of 1 of the patients with hepatoma and 2 of the patients with other cancers also had pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy. In patients with hepatoma, the tumor emboli seemed to be derived from tumor invasion to large veins, while the tumor emboli seemed to be derived from widespread tumor invasion to lymphatic channels in the remaining patients. The authors conclude that pulmonary tumor embolism shows heterogeneous manifestations such as acute and subacute cor pulmonale and diffuse alveolar damage. Clinicians should keep in mind that the heterogeneity of the disease is closely associated with the varieties of malignancies and their spread.
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PMID:[Pulmonary tumor embolism: relationship between clinical manifestations and pathologic findings]. 827 60

Photodynamic therapy utilizing Photofrin has proven to be an effective modality that can be used in the treatment of a wide variety of solid tumors and luminal cancers. An argon pumped dye laser or excimer dye laser was used to deliver 630 nm light via quartz fibers passed through the biopsy channel subsequent to i.v. injection of photosensitizer. In this study, 64 patients with superficial cancers were treated in this manner but only 58 patients, including 21 with roentgenographically occult lung cancer, 8 with stage I lung cancer, 5 with esophageal cancer, 12 with gastric cancer, 8 with cervical cancer and 4 with bladder cancer were evaluable. Complete remission was obtained in 48 out of 58 cases (82.8%). There was no serious complication except skin photosensitivity, which was seen in 13 patients. We conclude that photodynamic therapy is efficacious in the treatment of superficial cancers where complete remission may be achieved.
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PMID:Photodynamic therapy for cancers: a clinical trial of porfimer sodium in Japan. 827 25

Clear differences occurred in the cancer patterns among the population sub-groups in the NWT. When compared to those for the total Canadian population, rates for all cancers tended to be higher than expected among Inuit, lower than expected among Status Indians, and at expected levels for the Other NWT population. Among Inuit, traditional patterns still persist. Cancers of the lung, cervix, nasopharynx and salivary gland, and choriocarcinoma, occurred more often, and cancers of the breast, prostate, uterus and colon less often than in the total Canadian population. Among Status Indians, small numbers precluded definitive conclusions. However, several cancer sites occurred less often than expected, including colon, bladder and prostate among males, and uterus in females. While no cancer was significantly elevated in either males or females, SIRs for cervix and lung were above 1.0 for females, and kidney cancer was significantly higher when data for both sexes were combined (SIR = 2.0). For the Other NWT group--comprising about 50% of the population--most types of cancers occurred at about the expected rate, except that lung cancer was significantly elevated in females. Nevertheless, the generally high rates for lung and cervical cancer, which were particularly evident among the Inuit, are clearly targets for prevention programmes. It is hoped the cancer registry data now available for twenty years for the NWT, as well as for the overall Canadian Inuit population, can be used by researchers for studies to further determine the etiology of cancers, especially where distinctive patterns occur in these populations.
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PMID:Cancer incidence by ethnic group in the Northwest Territories (NWT) 1969-1988. 833 35

Cancer incidence rates were examined in the native peoples of the far north-east of Siberia for the years 1977-1988. Particularly high rates of cancers of the stomach, lung, oesophagus and cervix were observed. For stomach cancer, the male and female age-standardized (to the world population) rates were 103.9 per 100,000 and 50.0 per 100,000 respectively. The corresponding lung cancer rates were 109.4 and 45.7, and for oesophageal cancer 83.9 and 35.0. The age-standardized cervical cancer rate was 38.5 per 100,000. Rates of these cancers were considerably higher than in native Alaskan peoples, although the latter had higher rates of breast and colorectal cancers. The rates were also much higher than those of the migrant peoples from Russia and elsewhere who have settled in the far north-east over the past 3 centuries, particularly at younger ages. Male rates of stomach and lung cancer were highest in the paleo-Asiatic peoples of the north, whereas male oesophageal rates were highest in the Taiga people. In females, rates of stomach and oesophageal cancers were highest in the paleo-Asiatic peoples, and rates of lung cancer were highest in the Taiga nationalities. Cervical cancer rates were highest in the Amuro-Sakhalin nationalities of the south. Further research is needed at individual levels to explain the very high risks and the differences among the ethnic groups.
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PMID:Cancer incidence in the native peoples of far eastern Siberia. 833 95

This cohort study on Finnish female teachers of physical education (PE) and languages (L) was performed as an attempt to evaluate the importance of physical activity as a risk determinant of cancer, PE representing a physically active and L a less active subcohort. All the PE and L teachers graduating from 1920 onwards were obtained from four registers compiled from 1958-73 supplemented by an extension cohort drawn from the union membership register 1984-91 (in total 1,499 PE and 8,619 L teachers). Results of a questionnaire to representative samples of L and PE teachers did not reveal any major intergroup differences in social status, general health status, nutrition, maturation history, reproductive history, consumption of alcohol, smoking, or diet. However, the PE teachers reported higher life-long physical activity values than the L teachers. During the follow-up period 1967-91, the number of cancer cases totalled 108 for the PE and 513 for the L teachers. Expected numbers of cancer cases were calculated on the basis of national incidence figures, and the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were defined as ratios of observed and expected numbers of cases. The SIR for total cancers was 1.1 for the PE and 1.2 for the L teachers. In both teacher groups the SIRs for cancers of the breast, endometrium, ovary and colon were similarly elevated and the SIR for cervical cancer was reduced. There was an increased SIR for lung cancer (1.4) and skin melanoma (2.0) in the PE but not in the L teachers (0.5 and 0.9, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Life-long physical activity and cancer risk among Finnish female teachers. 840 Nov 70


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