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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors collected and analyzed cancer incidence data for Alaska Natives (Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts) for the 15-year period 1969-83 by ethnic and linguistic groups. Compared with U.S. whites, observed-to-expected ratios are high in more than one ethnic group for cancer of the nasopharynx, salivary gland, liver, gallbladder, and cervix. Low ratios were found for cancer of the breast, uterus, bladder, and melanoma. In Alaska, Eskimos have the highest risk for cancer of the esophagus and liver and the lowest risk for breast and prostate cancer. Risk for multiple myeloma in Indian men in Alaska exceeds not only those of other Native groups in Alaska but that in U.S. whites as well. Despite the short period studied, increases in cancer incidence over time can be documented for lung cancer in Eskimo men and women combined, and for cervical cancer, especially in Indian women.
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PMID:Cancer in Alaskan Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts, 1969-83: implications for etiology and control. 251 2

Patterns of secretion of free alpha subunit in 242 women with non-trophoblastic tumors were studied. In 4 patients molecular forms of alpha subunit were investigated. In normal menstruating women, day to day fluctuations of alpha subunit (36 to 4871 ng/day) with a peak at midcycle were commonly observed. This makes measurement of the alpha subunit as a tumor marker difficult to interpret in this group of women. On the other hand, the secretion of alpha subunit in postmenopausal women was relatively stable (from 50 to 450 ng/day). Thus the incidence of elevated alpha subunit secretion (greater than 400 ng/day) in postmenopausal patients with non-trophoblastic tumors was as follows; cervical cancer (29.9%), ovarian cancer (50%), corpus cancer (37.5%), vulvar cancer (33.3%), lung cancer (53.3%), gastrointestinal tract cancer (80%). The elevation of the alpha subunit was unrelated to the histological type of cancer. Discordant secretion of hCG and its subunits were noted. The incidence of elevated hCG secretion (greater than 100 ng/day) for the same group of postmenopausal patients with non-trophoblastic tumors was 44.8% for cervical cancer, 100% for ovarian cancer, 62.5% for corpus cancer, 33.3% for vulvar cancer, 26.7% for lung cancer and 40% for gastrointestinal tract cancer. The incidence of isolated alpha subunit secretion in cervical cancer stages III and IV, lung cancer and gastrointestinal tract cancer (40-43%) was higher than that in other cancers (0-27%). For cervical cancer, the more advanced disease was associated with higher alpha subunit levels. The molecular forms of alpha subunit in 4 patients with non-trophoblastic tumors were studied by gel HPLC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Free alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in women with non-trophoblastic tumors. 255 93

Who has called for worldwide action to reduce tobacco use by women on May 31, "World No Tobacco Day." Tobacco use by women is fast closing the gender gap, for example smoking prevalence is 39% in women compared to 41% in men in Europe. In Mexico and Brazil, 44 and 53% of women smoke, compared to 31 and 24% in the UK and the US. Tobacco related disease is increasing: lung cancer in women now ranks 1st in the US and Scotland in cancer mortality, displacing breast cancer. Cardiovascular disease risk is 10 times higher among young women who smoke as well as use oral contraceptives than among those who use neither. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality for women in tropical South America, and is closely associated with smoking. The tobacco industry officially claims that it is not aiming advertising at young women, yet its trade press describes the 3 "L's" of length, low tar and low cost, in the brands specifically marketed toward women, Virginia Slims in the U.S., Kim in Europe, Alpine in Australia and Charm in Brazil. Research on the reasons why women smoke has revealed that young women do so to keep slim. Low income and extra responsibilities for childcare are associated with smoking among British women, not emancipation, as implied by tobacco ads. Women also smoke to relieve emotional stress, and perceive themselves as more dependent on smoking than do men, possibly reflecting learned helplessness.
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PMID:World no tobacco day: a challenge for women's health. 256 49

A murine monoclonal antibody designated 1G12 has been produced by immunizing mice with A549 human lung adenocarcinoma. Using radiolabeled monoclonal antibody 1G12, a sensitive radioimmunoassay to detect 1G12 antigen has been developed. The antigen was detected on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A study was performed to examine the frequency of distribution of this antigen on the surface of PBMC from healthy donors and patients with cancer. An antigen level of above 30 units per 1 x 10(6) PBMC was considered positive. None of 41 healthy donors (0%) and 16 of 96 patients (16.7%) with benign diseases of the lung, ovary, and uterus were positive. In contrast, 27 of 41 patients (65.8%) with lung cancer, 14 of 18 patients (77.8%) with ovarian cancer, and 16 of 27 patients (59.2%) with uterine cervical cancer had elevated levels of 1G12 antigen. When patients were grouped by stages of cancer, PBMC from patients in relatively early stages (stages I and II) also gave positive results, i.e., 9 of 17 patients (59.2%) with lung cancer, 6 of 10 patients (60%) with ovarian cancer, and 11 of 22 patients (50%) with uterine cervical cancer of these stages were positive. These results suggest that the detection of 1G12 antigen on PBMC of patients may be useful for early diagnosis of cancers.
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PMID:Detection of a novel antigen (1G12) on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cancer patients by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. A possible marker for the early diagnosis of cancer. 262 63

The present collaborative study was performed in four confined, neighboring regions of Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia with different demographic and occupational characteristics of their respective populations, various structures of medical facilities, and cancer registration systems. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates and trends of six major cancer sites (stomach, colorectum and lung in both sexes as well as breast, uterine cervix and uterine body in women) in three 4-year periods (1969-1972, 1973-1976, 1977-1980) were computed and mutually compared in the mentioned regions. Relatively high, different but more or less decreasing incidence rates of stomach, and varying but mainly increasing rates and trends of colorectal cancer were observed, while lung cancer incidence rates and tendencies showed great variations in both sexes. For women, besides continuous increase, the tendencies towards culmination and stabilization were found in regions with the highest incidence rates of breast and uterine body cancer in comparison with the more or less declining rates of uterine cervix cancer over the period studied. The observed different incidence rates and trends of these and obviously of other cancer sites require further investigations using more sophisticated epidemiological methods and approaches.
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PMID:Comparative study on cancer incidence in neighboring regions of Hungary, Austria, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia in 1969-1980. Pannonian Tumor Epidemiology Study Group. 277 Sep 24

This is a review of bone scintigraphy performed in patients with breast cancer, pulmonary cancer, uterine cervix cancer, and prostatic cancer from 1980 to 1985. The incidence of accumulation in the spine was 25.0% in breast cancer, 29.5% in lung cancer, 24.3% in cervical cancer, and 47.0% in prostatic cancer. The predominant location of the accumulation was the lumbar vertebra (68.9%), followed by the thoracic vertebra (45.0%), sacral vertebra (37.5%), and cervical vertebra (23.6%). The survivability after spinal accumulation was determined by the Kaplan-Meyer survival curve. The 1-year survival rate of breast cancer, pulmonary cancer, cervical cancer, and prostatic cancer was 88%, 19%, 74%, and 90%, respectively, the record of pulmonary cancer being significantly lower. Hence, in the treatment of patients with metastatic spinal tumors, the therapeutic method should be selected according to the underlying disease.
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PMID:Bone scintigraphy in patients with breast cancer, pulmonary cancer, uterine cervix cancer, and prostatic cancer. Statistical study of spinal accumulation cases. 278 91

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the short-term and long-term objectives of screening for various cancers, and to indicate the kinds of data that are needed to determine whether or not the objectives are met. Cancers at various sites differ with respect to their innate suitability for screening. Criteria that enhance screening suitability include the potential for serious complications and a high rate of mortality (applicable to most cancers), a prolonged preclinical phase, and an existing therapy that is simpler and more effective in reducing the mortality rate when applied to preclinical disease than to clinically evident cancer. Tests and procedures suitable for screening are simple to perform, inexpensive, acceptable to patients and physicians, safe, relatively painless, and accurate, as measured by the test's sensitivity and specificity. The actual yield of previously undiagnosed cancer arising from a screening program will depend heavily on prevalence of disease in the screened population, specificity of the screening test, and successful follow-up of screen-positive patients with diagnosis and treatment. These issues are discussed in the context of four cancers and their respective screening modalities: cervical cancer and cytologic studies, breast cancer and mammography, colon cancer and fecal occult blood tests, and lung cancer and sputum cytologic studies. The quality of data on which screening decisions have been made for each of these cancers and tests varies. The cancers vary in terms of their relevant biologic characteristics and treatment effectiveness. Similarly, each screening procedure has its own particular advantages and disadvantages. Current American Cancer Society Guidelines for early detection of three of the cancers are presented.
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PMID:Cancer screening. Degrees of proof and practical application. 304 38

Studies in the 1980s of medically irradiated populations have increased our knowledge of radiation carcinogenesis. (1) Investigations of prenatal x-ray exposures, especially in twins, provide evidence that very low doses of ionizing radiation may cause cancer in humans. (2) Fractionated doses appear as effective as single exposures of the same total dose in causing breast cancer, but seem less effective for lung cancer. (3) Excess breast cancers can occur among women exposed under age 10, indicating that the immature breast is susceptible to the carcinogenic action of radiation. (4) Moderate doses on the order of 1 Gy to the brains of children can cause tumors later in life; moderately high doses to the skin can cause cancer when followed by frequent exposure to ultraviolet light. (5) Radiotherapy for cervical cancer can increase the rate of subsequent leukemia with the best fitting dose-response functions including a negative exponential term to account for cell-killing. (6) Low-dose exposures of about 10 cGy may increase the risk of thyroid cancer. (7) Second cancers following radiotherapy for a variety of cancers occur primarily among long-term survivors. (8) Radiotherapy may not significantly increase the risk of leukemia following childhood cancer, whereas chemotherapy with alkylating agents is a major risk factor. (9) Bone cancer occurs after high-dose radiotherapy for childhood cancer, but children with retinoblastoma are not more susceptible to radiation-induced disease than children with other malignancies. (10) High-dose external beam therapy can cause thyroid cancer, whereas high-dose radioactive 131I may not. (11) Studies of cervical cancer patients indicate that the risk of radiation-induced second malignancies follows a time-response model consistent with a constant multiplication of the underlying background incidence, i.e. a relative risk model seems to hold for projecting risks forward in time.
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PMID:Carcinogenesis--a synopsis of human experience with external exposure in medicine. 304 57

Since 1981 there has been a constant rise in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and the anorectum among homosexual men in the United States. In addition, lung cancer, testicular cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, and multiple myeloma have been recently reported in persons at risk for AIDS with HIV infection, with some peculiar clinicopathological features, including age, histological type, and clinical aggressiveness. Within the GICAT (Gruppo Italiano Cooperativo AIDS & Tumori) framework, we have identified four cases of testicular cancer, two cases of leukemia, and 1 case each of cervical cancer, carcinoma of the oral cavity, lung cancer, brain tumor, and multiple myeloma in persons at risk for AIDS, mainly i.v. drug abusers, with HIV infection, diagnosed in different Italian institutions. Work is in progress in order to collect histological and clinical data on these tumors. Although these data are preliminary and are not indicative of an actual increase in the incidence of malignancies other than malignant lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma in the AIDS setting, clinicians should be aware of the possible association of these tumors with HIV infection.
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PMID:Malignant tumors other than lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma in association with HIV infection. 318 Jan 32

Cancers of the cervix and uterus occur in approximately 50,000 women each year in the United States. As a group, these cancers represent our sixth most common cancer overall, are second only to breast cancer, and are roughly equal to the lung cancer incidence in women. Although they comprise 11% of all cancers in females, they represent only 4% of cancer deaths in women. This results from the effective application of surgery and radiation therapy in the management of these two malignancies as well as effective techniques for early diagnosis. The overall death rate from these two malignancies has decreased more than 70% in the last 40 years. Successful outcome rests on both early diagnosis and the careful application of established treatment approaches. This monograph summarizes the management approaches to both uterine corpus and cervical cancer and discusses the role of adjuvant therapy for these major malignancies. Detailed presentations of the management of special problems, including the uterine sarcomas, are also presented. Although standard management approaches are detailed, discussion of experimental approaches, including adjuvant hormonal treatment, single agent and combination chemotherapy, and the use of radiation sensitizers is included.
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PMID:Uterine corpus and cervical cancer. 328 30


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