Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endobronchial metastases (EBM) secondaries to extrapulmonary solid malignant tumors are rare. Breast, colon and renal adenocarcinomas are the most frequent tumors associated with EBM. Since 1990 we have treated eight patients with EBM secondary to renal adenocarcinoma (three cases), colon adenocarcinoma (two cases), gastric adenocarcinoma (one case), bladder carcinoma (one case) and basal cell carcinoma (one case). Endobronchial lesions were detected by bronchoscopy and their metastatic nature was confirmed histopathologically in all eight cases. We also conducted a review of EBM reporting studies published in English language. The median interval from the diagnosis of the primary tumour was 41 months. Symptoms and radiological findings were indistinguishable from those of primary lung cancer. Five patients were treated with external radiotherapy with symptomatic improvement while two patients had chemotherapy and one patient underwent surgical resection of the metastasis. Systemic treatment was used in six cases with no significant effect on EBM. Median survival after EBM diagnosis was 9 months with one patient surviving 3.5 years and two patients still alive at 1 year. In conclusion, EBM usually represent a late manifestation requiring differential diagnosis from a primary lung cancer. Local treatment may result in symptomatic improvement but prognosis is generally poor averaging 1-2 years in most series.
Lung Cancer 2000 May
PMID:Endobronchial metastases secondary to solid tumors: report of eight cases and review of the literature. 1130 61

Cancers that metastasize to the thyroid gland are uncommon. Metastasis to the thyroid gland has been reported in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), breast cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal malignancies, malignant melanoma, sarcoma, hematologic malignancies, and other genitourinary cancers. A computer search of the records of the department of pathology at Loyola University Medical Center was done to determine the number of thyroidectomies performed between 1988 and 1998. A detailed review of the clinical records of patients with metastasis to the thyroid gland from RCC was done. A total of 941 thyroidectomies were performed between 1988 and 1998. Metastasis to the thyroid gland was seen in six cases (0.64%). Three of these six cases had metastasis from RCC. The interval between the diagnosis of the primary RCC and the thyroid metastasis was 2 to 10 years. Two of these three patients had an adenomatous thyroid gland. Metastases to the thyroid, though relatively rarely diagnosed clinically as a cause of thyroid nodule, must be considered in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodule, particularly in patients who have a history of RCC.
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PMID:Renal cell carcinoma with metastasis to the thyroid gland. 1086 62

Lung cancer often metastasizes to organs outside the thorax, and consequently radiological evaluation of distant metastasis has become standard procedure prior to surgery. Although positive radiological findings generally suggest distant metastasis, the possibility of the co-existence of a benign tumor and primary malignancies must be considered. Herein we report a case of surgical resection of histologically confirmed lung cancer associated with renal cell cancer and benign histiocytoma of the humerus.
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PMID:A rare case of lung cancer associated with renal cell cancer and benign histiocytoma of bone. 1087 7

Brain metastases (BrM) are estimated to occur in 20% to 40% of cancer patients, and two-thirds of them become symptomatic during their lifetime. Although every solid tumour may spread to the brain, the risk of developing BrM is higher in lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma patients. Several findings suggest that the incidence of BrM is rising as a result of advances in imaging procedures and improvements in therapy, which leaves more cancer patients at risk as survival increases. The prognosis of patients with BrM is dependent on the type of the primary tumour. Breast cancer patients have better prognosis than those with BrM from lung, melanoma or colorectal cancer. Patients with BrM from renal cell carcinoma tend to have a poor prognosis. The optimal treatment of patients with BrM continues to evolve. Several factors interfere with the therapeutic strategy, such as histology of primary tumour, patient compliance, localisation, size and number of BrM, and outcome of extracranial disease. Generally, surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy followed by whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) are indicated in patients with controlled extracranial disease and good performance status presenting an isolated BrM. Adding chemotherapy in this subset of patients is controversial. Supportive care associated with WBRT remains the standard treatment for all patients with multiple symptomatic BrM or with isolated symptomatic BrM in the presence of uncontrolled extracranial disease. For potentially chemosensitive patients with asymptomatic multiple or isolated BrM with disseminated disease, chemotherapy represents the optimal starting therapy.
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PMID:Medical treatment of brain metastases from solid tumours. 1087 75

We previously reported elevated levels of TGF-beta1 in patients with renal carcinoma. Certain aspects led us to ask whether they might be caused by chronic damage to the kidney(s). Here we report on an extended set of patients with various renal diseases, lung cancer, humoral immunodeficiency and controls. For latent TGF-beta1 in plasma, we find that the control, immunodeficiency, lung cancer and kidney transplant groups do not differ significantly (means, 7.0-8.8 ng/ml). Also, acute short-term renal stress (extracorporal lithotrypsy) does not lead to an increase of TGF-beta1. However, the pyelonephritis patients present with levels of 19.0 ng/ml, chronic extracorporal dialysis patients with 15.5 ng/ml, and renal cell carcinoma patients with 22.8 ng/ml. For active TGF-beta1 these findings are exactly recovered. For serum levels, only the renal carcinoma group presents with significantly elevated levels of TGF-beta1. Kidney transplantation seems to normalize TGF-beta1 levels, while in the kidney cancer patients surgery has an effect only in part of the group. We conclude that elevated plasma TGF-beta1 levels are common in at least two chronic renal disease conditions, and that it normalizes with restoration of renal function. It is tempting to speculate that chronic elevation of TGF-beta1 in these patients may be critically involved in these conditions predisposing to renal cancer.
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PMID:Elevated plasma TGF-beta1 in renal diseases: cause or consequence? 1088 Feb 55

The N-terminal amino acid sequence of TA02 (molecular weight 35.0 kDa, isoelectric point 5.29), which is associated with primary lung adenocarcinoma, was determined and a fragment peptide was used to generate mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against TA02. The amino acid sequence suggested that TA02 might be homologous with napsin A, a new type of aspartic proteinase. In this context, we confirmed the expression of napsin A in primary lung adenocarcinoma using reverse-transcription polymerare chain reaction (RT-PCR) and showed that the TA02 mAbs reacted with glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-napsin A fusion protein. We concluded that TA02 is the same molecule as napsin A, and showed immunohistochemically that it is distributed mainly in type II pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages, renal tubules and exocrine glands and ducts in the pancreas. In particular, type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages showed high expression of TA02 among human normal tissues. In primary lung adenocarcinoma, 47 out of 58 (81.0%) primary lesions were positive. All well-differentiated adenocarcinomas except those of goblet cell type showed high expression of TA02. In addition, two out of seven (28.6%) large cell carcinomas showed low expression of TA02. The other histopathological types of primary lung cancer did not express TA02 at all. A few cases of renal cell cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colon cancer and ovarian cancer showed low expression, but the staining patterns were completely different from that of primary lung adenocarcinoma, which showed a granular staining pattern. Our novel mAbs should be valuable for immunochemical detection of TA02/napsin A.
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PMID:Human tissue distribution of TA02, which is homologous with a new type of aspartic proteinase, napsin A. 1105 Apr 72

The azonafides are a series of anthracene-based DNA intercalators which inhibit tumor cell growth in vitro at low nanomolar concentrations and are not affected by the multidrug resistance phenomenon (MDR). Prior studies have described antitumor efficacy in murine tumor models including L-1210 and P-388 leukemias, and B-16 melanoma. The current results extend these cell line observations to human tumors tested in the NCI panel of 56 cell lines, in freshly isolated tumors tested in colony-forming assays in soft agar and in several animal models. In the NCI panel, the overall mean 50% cell kill (LC50) for the unsubstituted azonafide, AMP-1, was 10(-5.53) M, with some selectivity noted in melanomas (10(-6.22) M). The mean LC50 for the 6-ethoxy substituted analog, AMP-53, was 10(-5.53) M, with some selectivity found in non-small cell lung cancer (10(-5.91)) and renal cell carcinoma (10(-5.84)). In freshly isolated human tumors tested in soft agar, there was marked activity (mean IC50 in microg/ml) for AMP-53 in four cell types: breast cancer (0.09), lung cancer (0.06), renal cell carcinomas (0.06) and multiple myeloma (0.03). These effects were superior to doxorubicin and to several other azonafides, including AMP-1, AMP-104 and the 6-hydroxyethoxy derivative, AMP-115. Compound AMP-1 was shown to be superior to amonafide in the mammary 16C breast cancer model in B6CF31 mice, but it had little activity in Colon-38 nor in M5076 ovarian sarcomas in vivo. Nine azonafides were evaluated in the Lewis lung cancer model in C57/bl mice, but only AMP-53 demonstrated significant efficacy with a treated/control x 100% (T/C) value of 30%. Because AMP-53 demonstrated the greatest breadth of activity, it was then evaluated in several human tumor cell lines growing in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). Only three tumors were sensitive (T/C<42%), including HL-60 leukemia (T/C=39%), MCF-7 breast cancer (T/C=39%) and A549 non-small cell lung cancer (T/C=37%). Overall, these results demonstrate that the 6-ethoxy substituted azonafide, AMP-53, has consistent (in vitro and in vivo) experimental antitumor activity in human breast and lung cancer, and could be considered for clinical testing in patients with MDR tumors.
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PMID:Preclinical antitumor activity of the azonafide series of anthracene-based DNA intercalators. 1129 Aug 69

Elevated VEGF blood concentrations have been proven to be associated with poor prognosis in human neoplasms. This finding is generally explained as a consequence of the potential angiogenic properties of VEGF itself. However, preliminary experimental studies suggest that VEGF, in addition to its angiogenic activity, may also play an immunosuppressant role by inhibiting dendritic cell (DC) maturation. The present study was performed to analyze blood levels of VEGF in cancer patients in relation to those of another potentially angiogenic tumor growth factor, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and to the absolute number of circulating immature and mature DC, and serum levels of the best known antitumor cytokine, IL-12. The study was performed in 100 healthy controls and in 80 solid tumor patients (colorectal cancer: 24; gastric cancer: 17; cancer of pancreas: 4; lung cancer: 13; breast cancer: 11; renal cell cancer: 6; gynecologic tumors: 5), 48 of whom showed distant organ metastases. In each patient, we have evaluated serum concentrations of VEGF-165, total VEGF, ET-1, IL-12 and the circulating number of immature (CD123+) and mature (CD11c+) DC. Mean serum levels of VEGF-165 were significantly higher in metastatic patients than in controls or in non-metastatic patients, whereas the total amounts of VEGF were not significantly higher. Moreover, it has been observed that patients with abnormally elevated blood concentrations of VEGF-165 showed significantly lower mean values of immature DC, mature DC and IL-12 and significantly higher mean levels of ET-1 than those with normal concentrations. This study, by confirming that advanced neoplastic disease may be associated with increased endogenous secretion of VEGF, seems to suggest that the association between high blood levels of VEGF and poor prognosis in cancer does not depend only on VEGF-induced stimulation of the neovascularization, but also on VEGF-related immunosuppression.
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PMID:Abnormally enhanced blood concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in metastatic cancer patients and their relation to circulating dendritic cells, IL-12 and endothelin-1. 1150 71

The present studies were undertaken to evaluate the pulmonary pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX) administered by aerosol. PTX was encapsulated into dilauroylphosphatidylcholine liposomal formulations (PTX-DLPC). The deposition and clearance of PTX-DLPC in the lungs administered by aerosol or i.v. at comparative doses was performed, and PTX was quantitatively determined in tissue extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The murine renal carcinoma (Renca) pulmonary metastases model was used to determine the therapeutic effect of drug formulation administered by aerosol. PTX-DLPC aerosols were generated with the Aero-Mist jet nebulizer (cis-USA). The most effective schedule of treatment was when mice inhaled the drug for 30 min 3 days per week. There was a significant reduction of the lung weights and reduced number of visible tumor foci on the lung surfaces of mice treated with PTX aerosol (P < 0.004 and P < 0.01, respectively) compared with control groups. Inhalation of PTX-DLPC also led to prolonged survival in mice inoculated with Renca cells. The results of the present studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of aerosol technology for lung cancer treatment.
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PMID:Paclitaxel liposome aerosol treatment induces inhibition of pulmonary metastases in murine renal carcinoma model. 1159 22

Homozygous deletion and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 3p21 have been observed in several types of human cancer including lung cancer and breast cancer. In previous work, we cloned and identified the human RAS association domain family 1A gene (RASSF1A) from the lung tumor suppressor locus 3p21.3. The CpG island and promoter region of RASSF1A is highly methylated in primary lung and breast tumors. In this study, we analyzed the methylation status of the promoter region of RASSF1A in 3 different tumor types: colon, ovarian and renal cell carcinoma. In colon cancers, 3 out of 26 tumor tissues (12%) were methylated at the CpG island of the RASSF1A gene. Renal and ovarian cancers showed a much higher frequency of methylation. For ovarian tumors, 8 out of 20 tumors (40%) were methylated. In renal cell carcinomas, 18 out of 32 cases (56%) were methylated. For all tumor types, none of the available normal tissues was methylated. This data suggests that methylation of the CpG island and promoter of the RASSF1A gene is common not only in lung and breast tumors but also in renal cell carcinoma and ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Hypermethylation of the CpG island of the RASSF1A gene in ovarian and renal cell carcinomas. 1166


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