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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Levels of activity of the enzyme aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and cytochrome P450 have been estimated in lung and liver of rats exposed to graded doses of cigarette smoke and in human bronchial mucosa of smokers, non-smokers and patients with lung cancer. Exposure of rats to smoke of four cigarettes increased both hepatic and pulmonary aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. Exposure to smoke of four cigarettes daily for seven and 14 days did not result in higher aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase levels in the liver than one day's exposure, but in the lung longer exposures caused greater increases in enzyme activity. Injection of benzo(a)pyrene at two dose levels caused a much greater increase in both liver and lung aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase than smoking. The lower dose maximally stimulated the enzyme in both organs. The changes in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity were accompanied by significant increases in both liver weight and the cytochrome P450 content of liver microsomes but the increase in cytochrome P450 did not parallel those in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. Of 40 surgical and autopsy specimens of human lung and tracheal mucosa from smokers, non-smokers and cancer patients, only one was found to have detectable aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. The relationship between aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction by cigarette smoke in human tissues and the development of bronchogenic carcinoma in smokers remains unclear.
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PMID:The effect of cigarette smoke on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P450 content in rat liver and lung microsomes. 102 52

A study of patients in whom soft-palate pigmentation appeared to be associated with pulmonary disease has been reported. A significant number of these patients had diagnosed or suspected bronchogenic carcinoma. The possibility that this oral finding may be predictive of the presence of lung cancer, or of a high degree of probability of future development of lung cancer, indicates a need for additional investigation. At this point the evidence strongly suggests that when soft-palate pigmentation is seen in a patient with lung disease, cancer should be suspected until it is definitely ruled out. The paucity of patients in whom this sign is seen suggests the need for study by other investigators. ACTH levels should be evaluated, as should plasma zinc values, which have been demonstrated to decrease in lung cancer as well as other diseases. Following the patients prospectively certainly is indicated. In conjunction with the Department of Laboratory Medicine, limited initial additional investigations have been made of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels on three of the outpatients reported. These assays used the hemagglutination-inhibition technique and are limited to investigational use by the Food and Drug Administration. In this laboratory the normal CEA level is 5.2 +/- 1.6 ng./ml. Results in two patients with known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were 5.5 and 5.6 ng./ml. The third patient with soft-palate pigmentation and an undiagnosed pulmonary problem had a CEA level of 10.2 ng./ml. She also had clubbing of the fingers. The senior author would be particularly interested in establishing a registry of similar cases observed by others.
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PMID:Soft-palate pigmentation in lung disease, including cancer. 106 77

In a study of 50 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma in which brushings and washings during fiberoptic bronchoscopy, as well as sputum cytopathologic examinations were performed in the same patients, accuracy rates were respectively: 76 per cent, 76 per cent and 56 per cent. The main cytologic differences setting brush apart from wash and sputum specimens referred to the arrangement of tumor cells as well as the distribution of chromatin within their nuclei. These differences appeared related to cell degeneration which was minimal in brush materials and maximum in sputum specimens. Only six cases were assigned a different cell type of bronchogenic carcinoma when brush cytopathologic diagnoses were compared with results obtained by biopsy or lobectomy specimens. Our findings are consistent with the view that the brush technique is very accurate for the cytodiagnosis of lung cancer and becomes also rather specific once cytologic characteristics of the fresher samples obtained become familiar to the cytopathologist. Non-observance of the special characteristics of these better preserved cellular samples is the major pitfall as to diagnosing, cell typing and judging degree of differentiation of bronchogenic carcinoma in brush cytology specimens.
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PMID:Bronchial brushing during fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the cytodiagnosis of lung cancer: comparison with sputum and bronchial washings. 106 15

Lymphocyte subpopulations were investigated in 32 patients with malignant melanoma, 25 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and 59 control subjects. Whereas the determination of membrane immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes and of complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes gave comparable results in the tumour patient and control group, significant differences were found in the T-lymphocyte population using the sheep red blood cell (SRBC) assay. The so-called "active" Wybran rosette test, which characterizes a T-cell subpopulation with an especially avid receptor for SRBC, gave significantly lower results in patients with melanoma (25% control 35%, p less than 0.01) and bronchogenic carcinoma (21% control 35% p less than 0.01). Determination of the total T-cell population using the Jondal rosette assay gave significantly lower values in the patients with melanoma (52%, control 63%, p less than 0.01), but not in those with lung cancer (65%). Low rosette values were detected even at low histological invasion levels (classified according to Clark) in the patients with melanoma. No correlation was found between the invasion level and the percentage of rosette-forming cells. The significance of these findings and the value of the rosette assay in the assessment of the immunological reactivity of tumour patients is discussed.
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PMID:[T-Lymphocyte shifts in patients with melanoma and bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. 108 6

The Mayo Lung Project (MLP) is a screening program designed to detect bronchogenic carcinoma at a curable stage. Screening tests include chest roentgenograms, three-day "pooled" sputum cytology studies, and lung-health questionnaires. These are being applied every four months to a study population of outpatients who have a high probability of developing lung cancer. Initial patient acceptance of the screening program has been excellent. Small asymptomatic lung cancers have been detected both roentgenographically and cytologically. The two procedures have complemented each other with little overlap. Chest roentgenography has proved most useful in diagnosing peripherally situated cancers, whereas sputum cytology studies have been most effective in identifying early squamous cancer involving major airways. At present, more cancers have been detected roentgenographically than cytologically, but the cytologically detected cases appear to have a better prognosis. Roentgenographically occult cancers have been localized with regularity, although the localization process is complicated. Theoretically, vigorous application of radiologic and cytologic screening, combined with optimum use of localizing procedures and treatment, could increase the five-year survival rate among lung cancer patients to nearly 50 percent. However, the actual survivorship attained will ultimately be determined by currently imponderable factors such as patient acceptance of longterm screening, frequency of multicentric respiratory cancers, and incidence of noncancerous smoking-related diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:The Mayo Lung Project for early detection and localization of bronchogenic carcinoma: a status report. 112 86

The HL-A antigens were determined retrospectively in a group of 14 surgically cured bronchogenic carcinoma patients and prospectively in another group of 100 untreated patients. In the retrospective group, the frequencies of antigens W-19 and HL-A5 were significantly increased when compared with the noncancer control and the prospective lung cancer populations. In the latter group, 60% of the patients with W-19 and 58% with HL-A5 survived without evidence of tumor for at least 1 year after treatment compared with 15% of patients with neither of these antigens, P less than 0.01 and 0.005, respectively. These comparisons were for adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma. The patient groups for oat cell and undifferentiated carcinoma were too small for valid statistical comparisons. This preliminary study suggests that the presence of HL-A antigens W-19 and HL-A5 confers resistance to dissemination of bronchogenic carcinoma.
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PMID:Prolonged survival in bronchogenic carcinoma associated with HL-A antigens W-19 and HL-A5: a preliminary report. 113 45

Thirty patients with an advanced bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with a combination of adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil; in eight the size of the tumour or its metastases was reduced by over 50%, and eight further patients experienced useful relief of symptoms. This drug combination is useful in the magagement of lung cancer.
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PMID:Treatment of advanced bronchogenic carcinoma with adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil. 120 Nov 86

In an attempt to formulate indications for mediastinoscopy, the histologic tumor type and the radiographic manifestations of the tumor were correlated with the occurrence of mediastinal node metastases in 121 patients who had potentially resectable bronchogenic carcinoma. Our results demonstrated that mediastinal metastases occur commonly in patients with central lesions irrespective of cell type, but that the histologic tumor type has a definite influence on the frequency of mediastinal involvement in patients with parenchymal masses or peripheral lesions. Our results also demonstrated that the absence of radiographic evidence of mediastinal involvement cannot be given strong consideration when selecting patients for mediastinoscopy, because almost 50 per cent of patients with mediastinal involvement did not have mediastinal widening on the chest roentgenogram. Our results, in conjunction with currently accepted principles governing the management of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, have allowed us to propose a logical approach for the use of mediastinoscopy in the prethoracotomy evaluation of patients with potentially resectable lung cancer.
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PMID:Indications for mediastinoscopy in bronchogenic carcinoma. 124 33

Tissue pathologic and cytologic examination of 47 cases with suggestive extrabronchial bronchogenic carcinoma using the four technics of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), bronchial biopsy, brushing and washing through the fiberoptic bronchoscopy were reported. For any one case, any one or more of the above said technic showed positivity will be regarded as positive case. The results showed that the total positive rate was 82.9%. The diagnostic rate of using TBNA alone was 68.1% that of bronchial biopsy 63.8% and bronchial brushing 70.2% (P > 0.05), but obviously higher than the bronchial washing (34.0%) (P < 0.05). Thus the deficiency of any one above said technic will be complemented by one of the other technics. The results also showed that TBNA is especially suitable for use in the squamous and small cell types of lung cancer. Complications of pneumothorax or bleeding were not found with the TBNA technic. We, therefore, recognize that the TBNA is one of a high positive rate, easily performed and with few complications diagnostic technic for extrabronchial bronchogenic carcinoma, and it should be recommended for clinical application.
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PMID:[The diagnostic value of transbronchial needle aspiration in patients with extrabronchial bronchogenic carcinoma]. 133 70

The main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible cytochrome P450 was studied in lung tissue from 57 lung cancer patients by immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal antibody (1-7-1) that recognizes P450IA1 and P450IA2 isozymes. The intensity of immunostaining was compared with the pulmonary activity of a P450IA1-dependent enzyme, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), and with P450IA2-related metabolic activity estimated from the ratio of caffeine metabolites in urine. Immunostaining was not observed in peripheral lung tissue of nonsmokers or ex-smokers but was seen in the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium of all patients who were smokers and had a peripheral carcinoma (16/16) and of 60% (10/17) of those who had a bronchial carcinoma. AHH activity was positively related to the intensity of immunostaining, and an almost 2-fold increase due to smoking was detected in the ratios of caffeine metabolites. These results demonstrate that tobacco smoke induces P450IA1 in the lung and probably P450IA2 in the liver, and suggest a role for certain metabolic phenotypes of P450IA1 in peripheral pulmonary carcinoma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of pulmonary cytochrome P450IA and metabolic activities associated with P450IA1 and P450IA2 isozymes in lung cancer patients. 133 24


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