Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vivo observation that bleomycin may be used as a synchronizing agent provides the basis for testing 4 days of continuous bleomycin infusion followed by 5 days of intensive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. Thirty-eight patients with extensive non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma (adenocarcinoma[17 patients], squamous cell carcinoma[14 patients], and poorly differentiated carcinoma [seven patients]) were registered for chemotherapy. There were 11 patients with 50% regression of all measurable lesions and four with improved but poorly measurable radiographic lesions, providing a crude response rate of 39% (15 of 38 patients). An overall survival median of 19 weeks compares favorably with Veterans' Administration Lung Cancer Study Group control data, but was not substantially better than our own historical controls (P = 0.15). The median survival for responders was 36 weeks compared to 16 weeks for historical controls (P = 0.001) and 12 weeks for nonresponders (P less than 0.001).
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PMID:Bleomycin (NSC-125066) followed by cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271), vincristine (NSC-67574), methotrexate (NSC-740), and 5-fllorouracil (NSC-19893) for non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma. 6 31

Oat cell carcinoma is the one variety of primary lung cancer which is sufficiently responsive to a variety of drugs and drug combinations that a very high rate of response and significant prolongation of survival can be consistently achieved. The question of whether anyone has been "cured" by drug treatment awaits more study and the passage of time. Progress in the treatment of the other varieties of bronchogenic carcinoma is less encouraging. There is only the hope that more fundamental knowledge about the nature of the disease will bring greater progress.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for lung cancer. 7 40

The effectiveness of CT scanning in radiotherapeutic treatment planning was evaluated in 32 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. CT of the chest in pretreatment evaluation of these patients supplemented conventional clinical and radiographic patients supplemented conventional clinical and radiographic studies, resulting in (1) more clear delineation of tumor extent in 24 patients (75%); (2) change in assessment of the size of lesions in 14 patients (43%); (3) change of disease stage in 13 (40%); (4) demonstration of inadequacy of treatment plan in nine (28%); and (5) changes in the volume of normal tissue irradiated in 14 (40%). CT scan data was judged essential for treatment planning in 17 patients studied (53%). Unsuspected areas of tumor involvement were seen in 21 patients (65%). Use of the CT scan as a patient contour for radiotherapy treatment planning of lung cancer and alternative techniques are discussed.
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PMID:Value of computed tomography in radiotherapy of lung cancer. 9 87

Six hundred patients underwent diagnostic flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB). The two diseases most frequently encountered were bronchogenic carcinoma in 330 patients (55 percent) and bacterial infection in 94 (16 percent). A positive cytology on biopsy material was obtained in 279 of 330 patients (85 percent) with primary lung cancer. Fluoroscopy was a valuable aid in diagnosing bronchogenic carcinoma, since 42 percent of the tumors were not visible endoscopically and required fluoroscopic control for placement of the biopsy instrument. Of the 55 patients with hemoptysis and negative chest x-ray films, nine (15 percent) had fiberoptically visible endobronchial carcinomas! In addition, two patients with carcinoma of the larynx and one with carcinoma of the nasopharynx were discovered. Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) in 68 patinets with diffuse and localized disease achieved an overall 69 percent diagnostic success, including a correct diagnosis in each of four patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Brush biopsy provided additional valuable laboratory data in bacterial, mycobacterial and cytomegalovirsu infectious but had a poor yield in Pneumocystis infection. Complications as a result of forceps biopsy were minimal, except for brisk bleeding in six patients.
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PMID:Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy: Techniques and results of biopsy in 600 patients. 16 36

A prospective study of 125 chemical workers was carried out for ten years to investigate the incidence of lung cancer. Some of the men were exposed to chloromethyl methyl ether containing bis(chloromethyl) ether as an impurity. Bronchogenic carcinoma was markedly increased among them, with a strong dose-response relationship. An unexpected inverse relationship was noted between smoking and the incidence of lung cancer. The neoplasms (all small-cell carcinomas) occurred in relatively young men. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis were reported more often among men exposed to chloromethyl ether, and a dose-response relationship was apparent, with smoking a cofactor. Ventilatory function was not significantly affected by chemical exposure. Periodic screening over the first five years of the study showed a decrease in chronic coughing and an increase in dyspnea while chemical exposure was diminishing.
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PMID:The respiratory effects of chloromethyl methyl ether. 17 60

BCNU, CCNU, and methyl-CCNU have undergone extensive trial in multiple drug combinations for bronchogenic carcinoma. The addition of a nitrosourea appears to be an improvement over cyclophosphamide used alone in oat cell carcinoma and over the two drug combination of cyclophosphamide and methotrexate in both adenocarcinoma of the lung and oat cell disease. Encouraging response rates have been seen in squamous lung cancer with multiple-drug combinations of a nitrosourea, an alkylating agent, vincristine, and bleomycin with or without adriamycin. The nitrosoureas have been easily incorporated, at reduced doses, into multiple-drug regimens with cumulative myelosuppression seen only when the interval between nitrosourea doses is less than 6 weeks. Conclusions about the ultimate role of these compounds in lunb cancer treatment must await (a) comparative trials of combinations with and without a nitrosourea, and (b) further exploration of new approaches to increase their therapeutic index.
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PMID:Nitrosourea combinations in lung cancer. 18 65

A controlled clinical trial comparing two-drug and three-drug combination chemotherapy was performed in 206 patients with advanced bronchogenic carcinoma, comprised of 26.2% with epidermoid carcinoma, 30.1% with small cell anaplastic carcinoma, 27.2% with adenocarcinoma, and 15.6% with large cell carcinoma. Each drug combination consisted of agents with different modes of action and included a cell-cycle-stage nonsensitive and a cell-cycle-state-sensitive agent. The overall response rate was highest for small cell carcinoma (48.2%) and adenocarcinoma (23.6%); it was less than 10% in epidermoid and large cell carcinoma. Similarly, the overall median survival was twice as long for the first two cell types (7 months) as compared with that recorded for the other two cell types (3 1/2 months). The combination of 1 (2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate was shown to be statistically superior to cyclophosphamide and methotrexate with regard to objective respones rate, duration of response, and median survival for adenocarcinoma. Responders lived significantly longer than nonresponders (254 versus 90 days for small cell anaplastic carcinoma patients and 244 versus 184 days for adenocarcinoma patients). No difference in survival or objective response rate was observed between the different treatments for the other two cell types of lung cancer.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy of advanced lung cancer: a randomized trial. 18 12

Current opinions concerning tumor biology and clinical characteristics of small cell undifferentiated bronchogenic carcinoma are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed upon chemotherapy for this lung cancer subtype and presently achievable response rates and survival times are presented. A series of 16 patients with small cell undifferentiated bronchogenic carcinoma is also presented. All patients were given cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, vincristine, and procarbazine as treatment for this neoplasm. Sixty-eight percent of patients responded and the survival time in partial responders was 33.4+ weeks as compared to 13.7 weeks with nonresponders. These data correlate well with the previous data of Alberto et al [Alberto P, Brunner KW, Martz G, Obrect JP: Cancer 38:2208--2216, 1976], who investigated the same agents for this tumor, but at higher dosages.
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PMID:Small cell undifferentiated bronchogenic carcinoma: current status with emphasis upon the role of chemotherapy. 21 47

Information on 55 cases of multiple metachronous lung cancer in which both tumors were resected was collected from published reports for comparison with a series of 214 single cancer cases treated by lobectomy in Philadelphia teaching hospitals. The two groups were similar with respect to age, extent of resection, and histologic type of cancer (the second lesion in the multiple cancer group). The life table method was used to assess survival in the multiple cancer group for 4 years after the second resection. Survival in the two groups was similar in the first 2 years, but at the end of the third and fourth years the survival rate for the multiple cancer group was only half that of the single cancer group. These differences were statistically significant. Prognosis 4 years after resection of a second metachronous bronchogenic carcinoma is poor.
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PMID:Prognosis after resection of metachronous multiple bronchogenic carcinoma. 22 82

Cytostatic acitivity of peripheral blood monocytes against cultured cell lines of bronchogenic carcinoma was examined in patients with lung cancer. Cytostatic activity in lung cancer patients with neither augmented nor suppressed as compared with that of controls such as normal healthy persons, patients with malignancies other than lung cancer, and patients with benign respiratory diseases. There was no correlation between the cytostatic activity of monocytes and the advance of clinical stages of the disease. Conventional modalities of anticancer treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and their combination therapy had no effect on cytostatic activity of peripheral blood monocytes. However, adequate immunotherapy with nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton augmented the cytostatic activity of peripheral blood monocytes, although adequate immunotherapy with Mycobacterium bovis BCG cell-wall skeleton had no effect.
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PMID:Cytostatic activity of peripheral blood monocytes against bronchogenic carcinoma cells in patients with lung cancer. 22 54


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