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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four hundred and seventy nine primary lung cancers were typed according to the WHO histological classification. The character of the material and the methods of investigation are described. All patients had been subjected to mediastinoscopy and 313 patients had been operated upon. Nearly half of the tumours (48 per cent) was epidermoid carcinomas. Small cell anaplastic carcinoma occurred in 25 per cent and around two thirds of these were of oat cell type. Adenocarcinoma was found in 22 per cent and the acinar type predominated. Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma occurred in 1 per cent and large cell carcinoma in 3 per cent. Typing of biopsy specimens was made in 289 cases in which a positive biopsy had been obtained during the pretreatment period. The result of the biopsy typing was checked against that of the final one. In the total group the preoperative histological diagnosis tallied with the final one in 88 per cent. In patients who had been subjected to surgery the pretreatment diagnosis of the epidermoid carcinoma was correct in 86 per cent, that of small cell anaplastic carcinoma in 92 per cent and that of adenocarcinoma in 100 per cent. The consistency was also high in the category of patients not subjected to surgery. Despite their critical attitude towards the delimitation of epidermoid carcinoma in the WHO-classification the present authors find it to be a reliable guide to routine typing of lung cancer.
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PMID:Histological typing of lung cancer. Application of the World Health Organization classification to 479 cases. 18 6

Analysis was carried out according to stage and tissue type of 392 consecutive cases of lung cancer diagnosed at David Grant Medical Center between 1960 and 1974. Biphasic survival curves were described with a variable primary phase and a constant (1.1 percent per month) secondary phase. Survival was found to correlate both to histology and stage. The best survival was found in stage I bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Even in the more favorable categories a leveling off of survival was not found. This study strongly suggests that surgical treatment of lung cancer, while beneficial, cannot expect to be considered as a curative procedure in more than 10 percent of cases. Radiotherapy did not prolong survival.
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PMID:Survival in lung cancer. 19 73

Descriptive features of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) are presented using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program population-based incidence data from 1973 through 1987, along with risk factors from histologically confirmed cases of BAC identified in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Louisiana between 1979 and 1982. Compared to the rising incidence of lung cancer overall, BAC rates have remained relatively constant, accounting for less than 3% of all lung cancer. BAC incidence rates were higher in males, yet it explained proportionately more of the total lung cancer incidence in females. In the case-control study, 21 of the 33 cases originally ascertained from hospital pathology records were histologically confirmed as BAC. Most cases smoked cigarettes, with a 4-fold risk for ever smoking. Risks tended to increase with smoking intensity (reaching 10-fold for more than 1.5 packs/day) and duration (reaching 5-fold for more than 45 years of smoking). Following 10 or more years of employment, there was a 4-fold risk associated with motor freight occupations, along with nonsignificant excesses among construction workers, petroleum manufacturers, and sugar cane farmers. Cases were more likely than controls to have had emphysema or to have had a close family member with lung cancer. Although based on small numbers, this study suggests that BAC shares many of the epidemiological characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Epidemiology of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. 133 48

Eighteen lung cancer patients with a pneumothorax complication were studied. Pneumothorax appears rarely in lung cancer patients, having been found in 18 out of 5567 (0.32%) at our hospital over a period of ten years. Of the 18 patients, eight had adenocarcinoma, seven epidermoid carcinoma and three alveolar cell carcinoma. Unlike those of previous reports, our results showed pneumothorax not to be found exclusively on the same side as the lung cancer. It was contralateral in five cases. Pneumothorax was the initial manifestation of lung cancer in three cases and occurred as a complication in another 15. Of these 15 patients, 11 were described as developing pneumothorax between one and twelve months after completion of radiation therapy for lung cancer. Another two patients developed pneumothorax following cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pneumothorax occurred prior to any treatment for lung cancer in the remaining two patients. The factors contributing to pneumothorax in the lung cancer patients were the rupture of the necrotic neoplastic tissue into the pleural cavity, the rupture of a subpleural bleb or the formation of interstitial air due to partial bronchial obstruction by the tumor, complications arising from radiation therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, or any combination of such factors. Pneumothorax was an ominous sign for the lung cancer patients. Most (12/14) died within six months of the onset of pneumothorax.
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PMID:Primary lung cancer complicated with pneumothorax. 151 68

A 54-year-old male died of cerebellar herniation induced by brain tumor. Radiological examination of this case showed two separate tumorous lesions in the brain and lung. Autopsy proved malignant astrocytoma in the brain and coincidental alveolar cell carcinoma in the lung. He had a history of asbestos exposure for 8 years doing piping work in a shipyard. Furthermore, we detected a large number of asbestos bodies in the lung and one asbestos body in the brain. Therefore, this rare case of double cancer (malignant astrocytoma and lung cancer) might have been induced by asbestos exposure.
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PMID:Synchronous double malignancy: adenocarcinoma of lung and malignant astrocytoma induced by asbestos exposure. 155 Oct 22

The analysis of soluble and cellular components of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids might help the diagnosis of a specific tumour. Up to now disease specific humoral constituents have not yet been found. Concerning cellular recovery, BAL can be useful particularly in patients with bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. The overall diagnostic yield in the case series presently available in the literature ranges from 35 to 69%. We evaluated the usefulness of BAL in the diagnosis of diffuse neoplastic lung lesions. The BAL provided a diagnostic yield in 75.9% of patients with biopsy or autopsy proven neoplasm, the sensitivity varying according to the type and growth pattern of the tumour (93% in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma). BAL can prove useful also in the diagnosis of pulmonary involvement in lymphoproliferative disorders, particularly when the immunologic evaluation of surface markers is performed. We conclude that in the appropriate setting BAL represents a useful tool for studying patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:Bronchoalveolar lavage in lung cancer. 157 35

This study assessed the accuracy of obtaining smoking history, relationships between smoking and the histologic subtypes of lung cancer, past and present smoking history, and co-carcinogen history in 100 patients seen between 1982 and 1989. A standard questionnaire filled out by the patients, a data base filled out by the physician, and medical records were abstracted, and detailed information on smoking and co-carcinogen history was obtained. Eleven percent of the patients were nonsmokers and another 41 percent were former smokers who had quit smoking more than one year prior to the diagnosis of lung cancer. Mean ages at onset and cessation of smoking and diagnosis were 17, 59, and 62 years, respectively. The histologic subtypes were as follows: adenocarcinoma, 34; squamous, 18; small cell, 24; adenosquamous, nine; large cell, nine; and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, six. Mean pack-years of cigarette smoking for the subtypes were as follows: squamous, 82; small cell, 78; large cell, 72; adenocarcinoma, 65; adenosquamous, 48; and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, 41. The patient and physician questionnaires had comparable data on smoking status in continued smokers and never smokers. Many former smokers filled out the patient questionnaire as a nonsmoker, but on query by the physician admitted to smoking in the past. The physician data set was more accurate in former smokers than questionnaires completed by the patients. Patients with squamous and small cell carcinomas were heavier smokers than patients with adenosquamous and bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. About 50 percent were active smokers until the diagnosis of lung cancer, but only 18 percent of patients continued to smoke after the diagnosis. About 10 percent were never smokers and about 40 percent were former smokers. Most former smokers quit smoking less than five years antecedent to the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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PMID:Present and past smoking history and other predisposing factors in 100 lung cancer patients. 172 68

Characteristics of 1336 successive lung cancer patients diagnosed between 1977 and 1986 according to the Tumor Registry of the University of Miami and Jackson Memorial Hospitals were 92% smokers, 69% men, and 68% white. The histologic subtypes were 32% squamous cell carcinoma, 26% adenocarcinoma, 19% small-cell carcinoma, 12% large-cell carcinoma, 8% adenosquamous carcinoma, and 3% bronchioalveolar carcinoma. Age distribution was as follows: younger than 45, 8%; 45-54, 21%; 55-64, 36%; 65-74, 25%; and 75 years or older, 10%. Local stage constituted 15%; regional, 26%; and distant 60%. Women had a higher number of nonsmokers and adenocarcinoma. Black patients presented with lung carcinoma at a younger age than white patients. Younger patients and black patients presented with more advanced stages than older patients and white patients. The significant factors predictive of better survival were local stage and white race. Patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma had a better survival rate (p less than 0.02) than the other histologic subtypes, probably because of a higher incidence of local stage. There were no differences in survival between the other histologic subtypes. There were significant increases in adenocarcinoma (p less than 0.01) and adenosquamous histologies (p less than 0.025) and in distant stage (p less than 0.0001); but there were no significant changes in the age and sex distribution, smoking history, and survival rate at our center over the 10-year study period.
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PMID:Lung carcinoma in 1,336 patients. 195 38

The Adventist Health Study, a cohort study of 34,198 California Seventh-day Adventists, identified 61 cases of new primary lung cancer over 6 years of follow-up (1977-1982). The population studied was unique in that only 4% admitted to current cigarette smoking and about half were lacto-ovovegetarians. A total of 36% of the lung tumors were adenocarcinomas, and 19% were squamous cell carcinomas. The expected associations with cigarette smoking were noted for Kreyberg group I tumors (squamous cell, large cell, and small cell carcinoma; relative risk (RR) = 53.2 for current smokers and 7.07 for past smokers), but much lesser associations were noted for Kreyberg group II tumors (adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma; RR = 1.99 for current smokers and 1.59 for past smokers). In this study, fruit consumption was the dietary constituent that showed a strong, statistically significant protective association with lung cancer that was independent of smoking (fruit consumption less than 3 times/week, RR = 1.0; 3-7 times/week, RR = 0.30; greater than or equal to 2 times/day, RR = 0.26). This association was somewhat stronger for Kreyberg group II tumors, but similar trends were also noted for Kreyberg group I tumors. Confounding with smoking seems unlikely in a population with very few current smokers and where both stratification and Cox modeling methods of analysis led to similar conclusions.
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PMID:Diet and lung cancer in California Seventh-day Adventists. 201 23

Biopsy specimens obtained from eight patients with lung cancer were tested for content of somatostatin receptors by autoradiography. Somatostatin receptors were detected in two of three patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) but in none of five patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) including adenocarcinoma (two), squamous cell carcinoma (two), and bronchoalveolar carcinoma (one). In those with SCLC, specific somatostatin receptor binding was evidenced only in tumor foci and not in surrounding stroma or normal lung parenchyma. Further tissue characterization by immunoperoxidase staining with the pancytokeratin monoclonal antibody, mAB-lu-5, revealed labeling to all of the NSCLC but to none of the SCLC specimen. Selective immunoreactivity was detected in both the SCLC and the NSCLC specimen to chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) whereas none of the specimen had detectable immunostaining to somatostatin, bombesin, serotonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, neurofilament, calcitonin, and synaptophysin. The identification of somatostatin receptors in primary human lung cancer may have a bearing on the biology of this disease and perhaps on the clinical application of somatostatin analogues in patients with SCLC.
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PMID:Identification of somatostatin receptors in human small cell lung carcinoma. 217 45


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