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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoma of the lung is the number one cancer killer in the United States. The overall cure rate is about 10%, and although resection is the best treatment available, five-year survival following operation is only 25%. Recent studies have shown that patients with lung cancer are immunosuppressed but that pulmonary tumors do contain tumor-associated antigens. Studies of other human tumors indicate that immunotherapy can augment tumor immunity and can be an effective surgical adjuvant. This communication reviews the basic principles of tumor immunology, with emphasis on the immunology of lung cancer, and discusses how these principles may be applied to the therapy of lung cancer.
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PMID:Immunology and lung cancer. 76 14

Twenty-six brain-metastases in black patients, appearing for most of them as primitive, were observed during a period of 11 years in the Neurological Clinic of the Fann U.H.C. in Dakar. They represent 13.9% of brain-tumours and 11.81% of intracranial space occupying lesions. Their etiology is very diversified: lung cancer (4, 15.4%); breast (0); liver (3, 11.5%); digestive tract (3, 11.5%); prostate gland (1); ovaries (1); parotid gland (1); thyroid gland (2); lympho-reticulosarcoma (2); melano-sarcoma (1); chorio carcinoma (3); undetermined (5, 11.5%). This series enables us to appreciate differences with African statistics, which are not numerous and with other foreign statistics. The difference of division of cancer in Africa, particularly in Senegal, explains some results such as the relative high frequency of liver-cancer in the etiology of this metastasis. But it is surprising to learn that lung-cancer is frequent and breast-cancer absent. Also to be marked is the non-negligible influence of the choriocarcinoma metastasis. Progress in approaching diagnosis, by developing scintigraphy, might facilitate extraction of solitary metastasis more often.
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PMID:[Cerebral metastasis in Blacks in Senegal]. 82 4

The patient with metastatic adeno- or undifferentiated carcinoma who presents with a cryptic primary is subjected to an extensive diagnostic search. These efforts apparently stem from the following assumptions: 1). The ultimately proven primary sites in such patients will occur with the same frequency as the most commonly occurring carcinomas (i.e., lung, breast, colon, prostate, etc.); and 2). Metastatic patterns and histologies seen at diagnosis are the same as for patients presenting with these more common tumors. Our data contradict these assumptions. For example, the most commonly occurring unknown primary was pancreas. Rarely occurring primaries included breast and prostate. Lung cancer was observed frequently, but the presentation was atypical because of the large proportion of female patients. In addition, the metastatic patterns at diagnosis were unusual for many of the ultimately proven primary sites. In an attempt to deal with these contradictions, a method to search for new relationships between primary site and metastatic-histologic presentations was employed. This method succeeded in placing the location of the primary cancer to above or below the diaphragm in 80% of the patients studied retrospectively. Tested prospectively in a small group of patients, the method appears to be clincally useful. Finally, in this study we have made the diagnosis, antemortem, of the primary cancer site (PCS) in only 30 of 264 patients. The failure to find the primary site, dispite extensive radiologic work-up, was disappointing to the authors, and emphasizes the difficulty of finding PCS antemortem. In our study pancreas and lung appear to be most common cryptic primary sites.
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PMID:Metastatic and histologic presentations in unknown primary cancer. 84 50

Information from autopsy was obtained for 125 men who had had lung cancer resected. Metastases were most common among men whose carcinoma was undifferentiated, while the prevalence among those with squamous cell carcinoma and those with adenocarcinoma was about the same. Among men whose cancers were of the latter two types, extrathoracic metastases were more common among men with adenocarcinoma than among those with squamous cell carcinoma. In 44 cases with postoperative death, metastases were found in 36 percent (16 cases). With the passage of time, the incidence of metastases rose rapidly to 85 percent (17/20) 6 to 11 months after resection. These data support the concept that metastatic disease is often present at the time of diagnosis.
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PMID:The metastatic spread of bronchogenic carcinoma in relation to the interval between resection and death. 86 42

Carcinoma of the colon and rectum is the most common serious type of cancer found in the United States and is second only to lung cancer among causes of death from cancer. Its cause is unknown but several environmental factors-especially low bulk, high fat diets-seem to predispose to its development. The disease is readily treatable by surgical operation if it is diagnosed early. Radiation and chemotherapy may offer some additional benefit in treating advanced disease but the response to all forms of therapy is disappointing in patients in whom disease has spread beyond the bowel wall. Colorectal cancer appears to be a very slowly progressive disease with a long asymptomatic period providing an ideal opportunity for diagnosis at an early treatable stage. Both proctosigmoidoscopy and screening specimens of stool for occult blood have been shown to be effective methods for identifying it before symptoms develop. These procedures should be done routinely in all patients over 40 years old and especially in those patients who have other risk factors such as positive family histories or hereditary conditions known to predispose to colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the colon and rectum. A perspective for practicing physicians, with recommendations for screening. 87 59

The analysis of autopsy data from 1928 to 1972 shows that the relative frequency of lung cancer has undergone a fourfold increase till about 1962, and has since then remained practically constant. The right lung is more often the seat of carcinoma than the left lung and upper lobes more often than the lower lobes. For females the upper-lower lobe asymmetry is not significant. The nonuniform distribution of tumor sites is explained on the basis of 'contact hypothesis'. Some age and sex factors have been studied.
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PMID:Lung cancer. A statistical study based on autopsy data from 1928 to 1972. 90 68

The lymphocytes of patients with inoperable bronchus carcinoma were investigated for their in vitro reactivity toward tumor-associated antigens. The leucocyte-migration-inhibition-test (LMIT) was applied using formalinised tumor cells and tumor cell hybrid cell lines. 34 patients with inoperable suqamous cell carcinoma of the lung and 21 healthy controls were tested for their leucocyte sensitisation to these cells. 55 percent of the patients with lung cancer showed a specific LMI toward the E-14 cell line, (an established cell line from a human squamous cell carcinoma of the lung), compared to only 9 percent of the controls. There was about the same percentage of specific reactions of the lymphocytes to three different hybrid cell lines which have only a few human chromosomes left over. There was no reactivity to the parental hamster fibroblasts. It is assumed that the hybrid cells carry the same tumor-associated antigens on their cell surfaces as the E-14 tumor cells.
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PMID:Demonstration of tumor-associated antigens on tumor cell hybrids by means of the leucocyte-migration-inhibition-test. 91 55

Cytological examination of specimens obtained from the tracheobronchial tree has become an integral part of the evaluation of pulmonary lesions. Cytological criteria for the diagnosis of carcinoma exist and are well defined. Certain benign processes, however, may possess features strongly suggestive of carcinoma of the lung. We report 3 patients in whom a positive cytological diagnosis of carcinoma of the lung was made by an experienced cytopathologist. At operation each patient was found to have pulmonary infarct and no evidence of carcinoma. Review of this experience has disclosed cytological and clinical features that should alert the clinician to the possibility that the cytological diagnosis of lung cancer may be misleading in certain nonmalignant diseases.
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PMID:False-positive cytological diagnosis of lung carcinoma in patients with pulmonary infarcts. 92 79

Gallium-67 citrate scanning was prospectively evaluated in 55 patients who had lung lesions suspected to be primary carcinoma on chest x-ray films and in whom subsequent histologic diagnosis was obtained. Of 47 patients with histologically proved carcinoma of the lung, 44 (94 per cent) had a positive 67Ga scan. No patient with a positive scan had a benign lesion, so that the positive scan accuracy rate was 100 per cent. All 8 patients with a benign lesion and 3 patients with a malignant lesion had negative scans, for a negative scan accurary rate of 72 per cent for benign lesions. These results give statistical validity for the usefulness of the 67Ga scan in diagnosing carcinoma of the lung (p less than 0.001). Tumor cell type had little effect on the sensitivity of 67Ga scan. The 67Ga scan was equally useful in the evaluation of peripheral and central lesions. There was little difference amount T1, T2, and T3 classified lesions in their ability to take up 67Ga. The 67Ga scan was competitive with mediastinoscopy in assessing mediastinal lymph node metastases and provides a noninvasive method of assessing hilar lymph node metastases. There was a good correlation between the clinical staging of patients with lung cancer based on a chest x-ray film and 67Ga scanning and the staging after surgical treatment based on the histology of the resected specimens.
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PMID:Gallium-67 scanning for carcinoma of the lung. 97 11

Five hundred fifty-four workers, 84% of whom are chronic cigarette smokers, have been examined during the past year with emphasis on the role of sputum cytopathology in the early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer. Of the 554, 232 (42%) have shown squamous metaplasia, 44 (8%), mild to moderate atypias, 18 (3.2%), severe atypias, and two (0.4%), squamous carcinoma. Both of the carcinomas were in x-ray negative, cytopathology-positive elderly cigarette smokers. Ferruginous bodies have been found in the sputa of 187 (33%) workers. Ferruginous bodies in the sputum do not appear to be a marker for severe atypias; rather, their presence correlates best with duration and extent of industrial exposure to asbestos.
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PMID:Pulmonary cytopathology of former asbestos workers. Report of the first year. 98 89


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