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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cells from cultures of ChaGo, a cell line of a human lung cancer that ectopically produces chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its alpha subunit (hCG-alpha) were exposed to five different cancer chemotherapeutic agents in vitro in separate experiments (one drug/expt). The control doubling time averaged 4 days, with molar biphasic secretory rates of hCG-alpha ranging from a high of 58.1 to a low of 10.5 pmoles/10(6) cells/24 hours. Drug concentrations were chosen to induce a 30-60% inhibition of cell replication over a period of 8-10 days. Neither methotrexate nor vincristine demonstrated major effects on extracellular hCG-alpha production, but each agent moderately depressed cell number and each produced major inhibition of intracellular protein synthesis. Procarbazine inhibited marker production only in slight excess of inhibition of cell growth and cell protein. Actinomycin D and mechlorethamine, however, had profound effects on inhibition of hCG-alpha production in excess of cell growth. Our results indicated that cancer chemotherapeutic agents have specific and differing effects on cell growth and cell protein on the one hand and marker production on the other. These data suggested a mechanism for certain cases of discordance between hormone production and clinical status.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1978 Aug
PMID:Influence of chemotherapeutic agents on chorionic gonadotropin-alpha subunit secretion in a human lung cancer cell line (ChaGo): discordance of cytotoxic and secretory effects. 27 22

Lungs of inbred OM/NCR and outbred Sprague-Dawley rats were given implants, through a thoracotomy, of pellets of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) suspended in a beeswax-tricaprylin vehicle. The pellets slowly released material into the surrounding parenchyma, which resulted in a dose-related increased incidence of lung cancer, predominantly invasive and metastasizing epidermoid carcinoma. A 42% prevalence of pulmonary carcinoma was present in the highest dosage group, which received 67 mg CSC, exposing approximately 1.65 cm2 bronchiolar epithelium. Squamous metaplasia associated with the implanted site preceded the appearance of the carcinomas and was more severe, with the larger pellets having more concentrated CSC. No difference was observed in incidence of pulmonary carcinomas with the use of CSC containing high or low concentrations of nicotine. The potential value of this bioassay system were discussed.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1978 Sep
PMID:Pulmonary carcinogenesis in rats given implants of cigarette smoke condensate in beeswax pellets. 27 68

Progressive improvements in the management of certain paediatric and haematological malignancies have provided guidelines for the current approaches to the management of the more common solid tumours of adults. These include precise histopathological grading; comprehensive evaluation of extent of disease; staging classifications accurately correlated with prognosis and progressive evaluation of available therapeutic modalities for all stages of disease in an attempt to define the best combination of local and systemic forms of therapy. Breast cancer is reviewed in detail as an example of the more responsive tumours where screening programs; improvements in pathological and clinical staging and the introduction of systemic chemotherapy together with optimal use of other methods of treatment for the various stages of disease gives hope for a significant improvement in long term survival statistics. Lung cancer has also been reviewed as an example of the more resistant types of cancer where screening programmes and current therapy including the use of combination chemotherapy have given minor encouragement but not had a definite influence on long term survival. Some further gains may still be achieved with currently available techniques but major improvements will probably require the development of better therapeutic tools including radiotherapy with high linear energy transfer particles; new chemotherapeutic agents and specific forms of immunotherapy. It is also quite possible that completely different forms of therapy for these resistant tumours will be necessary to reach the desired goal of long term improvements in survival.
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PMID:A status report on the management of solid tumours. 27 27

Sodium butyrate treatment of cultures of ChaGo (human lung cancer) cells resulted in increased production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its alpha subunit (hCG-alpha) and induced a variety of morphologic changes. Elongation and flattening of cells were seen by light microscopy. Immunocytochemistry with antisera against hCG and against hCG-alpha showed an increase in cells containing stainable hCG-alpha. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated enhanced adhesion of cells to glass cover slips, with elongation, flattening, and decreased cytoplasmic blebs. Ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy and evaluated quantitatively by an unbiased observer. Significant findings included increases in perinuclear tonofilaments, smooth endoplasmic reticulum vesicles, dense mitochondrial inclusions, and lipid granules, as well as decreases in intercellular desmosomes, free polyribosomes, mitochondrial dense granules, and Golgi complexes. The most notable change, a marked decrease in condensed chromatin clumps, may have reflected a butyrate-induced biochemical modification of chromatin leading to enhanced accessibility of certain genes for transcription.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 Jan
PMID:Ultrastructural concomitants of sodium butyrate-enhanced ectopic production of chorionic gonadotropin and its alpha subunit human bronchogenic carcinoma (ChaGo) cells. 28 77

Interspecies hybrid cells were formed by the fusion of two parent cells: 1) the human lung cancer (bronchioloalveolar) line A549/8, which is not contact inhibited, rapidly produces tumors in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, and forms colonies in agarose, and 2) the mouse fibroblast line 3T3-4E, which is contact inhibited, is nontumorgenic in nuce mice, and does not form colonies in agarose. These hybrid cells were tested 40-50 generations after fusion. The presence of 20 of the 23 different human chromosomes was tested by isoenzyme analysis, and examples of expression of each isoenzyme marker were found in at least some hybrid clones. All 14 independent hybrid clones tested were nontumorigenic in nude mice. Testing of hybrid clones for their ability to form colonies in agarose revealed two distinct phenotypes: agarose (clones forming colonies at 1-4% of the plated cells) and agarose (no colonies formed/10(5) cells tested). These phenotypes were discordant with all human isoenzymes tested. Malignant human lung cancer A549/8 times non-malignant mouse 3T3-4E cell hybrids were nontumorigenic in nude mice; thus malignancy of the bronchioloalveolar lung cancer behaved as a recessive trait. This nontumorigenicity was not accounted for by an absolute loss of the human chromosomes tested, but gene dosage may play a role. In contrast, the ability to clone in agarose was expressed in some hybrids (and thus behaved as a dominant trait); at present, agarose clonability cannot be related to specific human chromosomes.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 Feb
PMID:Suppression of malignancy in human lung cancer (A549/8) times mouse fibroblast (3T3-4E) somatic cell hybrids. 28 73

A case-control study was conducted among 1.034 white male and female hospital patients with histologically proved lung cancer (Kreyberg type l) or larynx cancer. After adjustment for duration of the smoking habit, inhalation, and butt length, relative risks of developing lung or larynx cancer were consistently lower among long-term smokers of filter cigarettes than among smokers of nonfilter cigarettes, irrespective of quantity smoked. Relative risks in all groups declined with increased years of smoking cessation. The observed risk reduction among current smokers of filter cigarettes was consistent with that expected, considering that these persons had smoked the older high-tar nonfilter cigarettes for a large proportion of their lives.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 Mar
PMID:Impact of long-term filter cigarette usage on lung and larynx cancer risk: a case-control study. 28 77

On the basis of data available from two representative samples of lung cancer deaths in the United States as well as national mortality statistics and other epidemiologic studies, the lung cancer mortality rate has risen substantially between 1914 and 1968 among persons who never smoked cigarettes. For white males the relative increase for ages 35--84 years has been about 15-fold; the relative increase for ages 65--84 years has been about 30-fold. For white females the relative increase for ages 35--84 years has been about sevenfold. Most of the relative increase occurred before 1935 and was probably due to changes in diagnostic criteria. However, increases have continued up to the present for male nonsmokers, who now apparently have an annual age-adjusted lung cancer death rate of about 25 per 100,000 persons between the ages 35--84 years. The rising lung cancer rate among nonsmokers indicates that factors in addition to personal cigarette smoking have had a significant effect on the mortality rate from this disease. In spite of the limited quality of these data, they suggest that a more complete understanding of lung cancer etiology is needed.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 Apr
PMID:Rising lung cancer mortality among nonsmokers. 28 89

Retrospective dietary and smoking data were gathered by interview of 292 white male patients with lung cancer and 801 control patients with nonrespiratory, nonneoplastic diseases at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York. A computed index of vitamin A intake was used to differentiate lung cancer patients from controls. Lung cancer patients had lower values than did controls. The reduced relative risk (RR) of lung cancer associated with vitamin A was most evident among men who smoked heavily. For them, a dose-response relationship increasing to an RR of 2.4 for low values of the index was observed. Frequency of daily milk drinking was lower among patients with lung cancer. Lower RR was found among the men who smoked heavily and frequently consumed carrots. These findings are consistent with evidence from animal studies on inhibition of tumor incidence by retinoids and with previous findings in prospective and retrospective epidemiologic studies.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 Jun
PMID:Vitamin A and lung cancer. 28 15

Inhibition of leukocyte migration in agarose-agar was used as a probe for tumor-associated antigen in 3-M KCl solubilized extracts of gastric, colon, and lung cancers from humans. Twelve of 40 (30%) leukocyte preparations from gastric cancer patients, 10 of 21 (48%) from colon cancer patients, and 7 of 14 (50%) from lung cancer patients were inhibited by their respective histologically homologus cancer extract. However, among 75 preparations from various cancer patients, leukocytes from only 2 gastric cancer patients were inhibited by paired normal gastric tissue extracts. Only 2 of 68 preparations from normal individuals and none of 67 preparations from patients with nonmalignant diseases, such as gastric peptic ulcer, gastritis, colon polyposis, colitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, and sarcoidosis, were inhibited by cancer extracts. These findings suggest the presence in KCl extracts of gastric cancer of presumed tumor-associated antigen(s) that is antigenically distinct from that of either colon or lung cancer.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 Jul
PMID:Inhibition of human leukocyte migration in agar by 3-M potassium chloride extracts of stomach, colon, and lung cancers. 28 34

In a search for etiologic clues, a review was made of death certificates of residents in a cluster of Louisiana parishes, mainly in the southern part of the state, where lung cancer mortality was high. A comparison of the statements on occupation for 3,327 patients with lung cancer and those of 3,327 controls (matched by sex, race, age, and parish of residence) during 1960-75 revealed an approximately twofold excess risk associated with transportation equipment manufacture, mainly shipbuilding, and the fishing industry. Smaller elevations of lung cancer risk were found among older men who had been employed in petroleum exploration and production and among male and female residents of towns where the petroleum industry was a major employer. In addition, Acadian ancestry was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer among older male and female residents.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 Nov
PMID:Lung cancer in Louisiana: death certificate analysis. 29 45


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