Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In untreated patients with inoperable lung cancer, serum levels of alpha1-antitrypsin were found significantly increased in comparison to patients with non malignant diseases of the lung, alpha2-macroglobulin levels were unchanged in both groups of patients. There was also no difference in alpha2-macroglobulins in cancer patients reacting with DNCB and in non-reactors. Thus alpha2-macroglobulin levels do not seem to correlate with the immunestatus of cancer patients. Proteinase inhibitors are involved in a variety of biological processes including blood, clotting, digestion, and sperm capacitation. alpha1-antitrypsin, a alpha-globulin with a molecular weight of about 60,000 has been found to be decreased in patients' serum under several pathological conditions. A clear correlation exists between alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and hereditary pulmonary emphysema (1, 2), respiratory distress syndrome (3), and juvenile cirrhoses of the liver (4). Elevated serum levels of alpha1-antitrypsin have also been found in some cancer cases. Thirty years ago a cancer test was developed on the basis of differences in the antiproteolytic activity in cancer patients' sera and in patients with other non-neoplastic diseases (5, 6). Several authors have tried to confirm these early data regarding specifity and sensitivity with respect to a screening test for cancer (7, 8). Methods of these authors were based mainly on enzyme substrate inhibition assays by addition of the patients' sera. Recently a commercially available test, based on immune-precipitation according to Mancini (9), has been developed (Behring-Werke, Partigen). By using this standardized method for determinating alpha1-antitrypsin, Harris et al. have recently demonstrated that patients with inoperable lung cancer have significantly elevated levels of this antiprotease in their sera (10), in comparison to patients with non malignant diseases of the lung. alpha2-macroglobulin is a serum protein with a molecular weight of 800,000 and with known antiprotease activity and can therefore bind trypsin, plasmin, elastase, and collagenase and it is known that alpha2-macroglobulin decreases with increasing of age. Changes of alpha-macroglobulin have also been observed in several pathological conditions (11). James et al. 4ave found decreases in serum of myeloma patients (12). An association between the development and function of lymphocytes and alpha2-macroglobulin has been suggested by several authors (13, 14). This alpha2-globulin has also been demonstrated on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes (15) and there is evidence that it is synthesized by lymphocytes (16). The purpose of the present study was to determine serum alpha1-antitrypsin levels in patients with inoperable lung cancer and to determine whether there is also an inverse correlation to alpha2-macroglobulin. It was further attempted to correlate alpha2-macroglobulin with general immunological parameters, as it is known that patients with lung cancer show a decreased general immune-reactivity (17).
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PMID:Serum levels of alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin in lung cancer. 6 86

Aryl-hydrocarbon-hydroxylase (A.H.H.) inducibility has been studied in the peripheral-blood lymphocytes of patients with squamous-cell lung cancer, of patients with cancer at other sites, and of controls matched for age, sex, social class, and smoking habits. The proportion of high inducers was significantly greater among patients with lung cancer (but not patients with other cancers) than among controls, which suggests that, besides smoking, a constitutional factor may be involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
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PMID:Aryl-hydrocarbon-hydroxylase inducibility in patients with cancer. 7 21

The relationship between incidence of lung cancer and the volume of traffic as indicated by auto exhaust concentration was examined; the results, though suggestive, did not yield consistent evidence of the association between them. Traffic jams in Nagoya began 15 years ago, a period that may not be long enough to provide definitive data on the incidence of lung cancer. The high standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of lung cancer was observed in cities with a population of less than 1 million and guns (rural areas) along the coast, although those in the metropolitan areas with populations of more than 1 million were average. The SMR did not correlate with various socioeconomic conditions and industrial air pollution. Meteorologic or geologic conditions and ocean currents were not associated with SMR of lung cancer by city and gun. The population of a gun or of some cities was not large enough to be statistically significant, and the mortality rate of lung cancer was not always stable.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1977 Dec
PMID:Lung cancer and air pollution. 7 77

The prevalence of elevated serum levels of 5 potential tumour-associated antigens was determined in patients with lung cancer sampled at the time of initial presentation, using age- and sex-matched patients with benign lung disease as controls. Elevated levels (greater than upper 95th centile of controls) were found as follows: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 17%; pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin (PAM), 16%; casein 14%; human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 6%; alpha-foetoprotein (AFP), 1.5%. The prevalence of elevated CEA levels (but not other markers) was higher in patients with evidence of extra-thoracic tumour spread (23%) mainly due to anaplastic tumours and adenocarcinomas. A degree of concordance of elevated marker levels occurred with CEA, HCG, casein and AFP, but there was a striking discordance of elevated CEA and PAM levels. Simultaneous assays of CEA and PAM will detect the majority of patients with elevations of any of the markers studied, and are likely to be the most useful biochemical markers in following the response of lung tumours to therapy.
Br J Cancer 1978 May
PMID:Serum biochemical markers in lung cancer. 7 72

Low pH elution techniques were used on lung cancer tissues and pleural effusions of lung cancer patients to dissociate antigen-antibody complexes. The immunoglobulins obtained were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence against tissue cultures and fresh cell suspensions of various target cells; they reacted positively, in significant titers, with cells of squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung but not with cells of normal adult and fetal lung or of nonpulmonary tumors. Immunoglobulins, similarly dissociated from tumor effusions of other organs, showed no reactivity in indirect immunofluorescence tests against lung carcinoma cells.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1978 Aug
PMID:Lung carcinoma-reactive antibodies isolated from tumor tissues and pleural effusions of lung cancer patients. 7 56

As bleomycin has up to now proved effective when used alone, the main thrust of current clinical investigations predominantly concerns its use in combination with other drugs. This has occurred along three broad patterns: 1) combination with vinca alkaloids which has been mainly in testicular carcinoma; 2) as part of multidrug regimens where bleomycin added for its lack of myelosuppression. This has occurred in the malignant lymphomas, lung cancer, and head and neck cancer; 3) in combination with radiotherapy which has taken place mostly in head and neck cervix cancer. To date, the combination of velban and bleomycin has had a major impact in improving the ability to induce complete remissions in advanced testicular carcinoma. Other drugs such as cis-platinum diaminedichloride and actinomycin D have been added and no definitive combination has been established. In the lymphomas the addition of bleomycin to the MOPP or CVP regimen has given higher complete response rates, but long-term survival data are still awaited.
Recent Results Cancer Res 1978
PMID:A review of the bleomycin experience in the United States. 8 99

The 49 patients with squamous cell type of cervical, lung, esophagus and head and neck cancers were treated with a sequential combination of bleomycin (BLM) and mitomycin C (MMC) as follows; 5 mg of BLM daily for 5 or 7 days followed by a single injection of 10 mg of MMC on day 6 or day 8. After one week of rest period, this course was repeated two to five times depending on the response or adverse effects. For cervical cancer, 17 patients out of 18 (94%) responded with complete remission (CR) in 13 (72%) and partial remission (PR) in 4 (22%). For lung cancer, four patients out of five responded. In two of the responders, metastatic tumors disappeared completely, but primary tumors decrease to about 10% in volume. For esophagal cancer, one patient out of 3 had CR after combining the BLM and MMC treatment with radiotherapy. For head and neck cancer, these were some differences in the response rates between two hospitals. In one hospital, 12 patients out of 22 (53%) responded, with CR in 4 (18%), whereas in the other hospital, 10 patients out of 11 (94%) responded, including eight with CR (72%). Regarding the toxicity, the overall incidence was very low, although lung complications were frequent. These results are promising with hopeful prospects for the control of advanced squamous cancers with metastasis.
Recent Results Cancer Res 1978
PMID:A sequential combination of bleomycin and mitomycin C in the treatment of advanced squamous cancers. 8 1

Primary cancer of the lung is the most frequent malignant tumor in Switzerland among males and its frequency is rapidly increasing among females. The rate of failure after curative treatment including surgery and/or radiotherapy is about 80%. A large proportion of lung tumors are already inoperable at the time of diagnosis, a fact which accounts for the importance of chemotherapy as a palliative treatment for lung cancer. Single drug chemotherapies are relatively ineffective, with an overall response rate of 20% and a response rate of up to 50% for small cell tumors. Combination chemotherapies attain a 50 to 90% response rate in small cell tumors while the rate of failure is 50% or more in other cell types. Published results of post-surgical adjuvant chemotherapy of lung cancer are equivocal, possibly due to unwanted differences in the selection of patients and in therapeutic schedule. It is still not demonstrated that adjuvant chemotherapy improves lung cancer treatment.
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PMID:[Medical treatment of primary pulmonary neoplasms]. 8 21

Hypertonic extracts from human fetuses (10--22 wk of gestation) were used to test the sensitizaton of leukocytes from cancer patients against fetal antigens in a direct, microcapillary tube assay system. Leukocytes were simultaneously exposed to a panel of allogeneic tumor extracts and a panel of fetal extracts. Leukocytes from 24 gastric cancer patients, 43 colorectal cancer patients, and 13 lung cancer patients were assayed with extracts obtained from gastric, colorectal, and oat cell carcinomas, respectively, and these extracts were also used with leukocytes from 41 patients bearing tumors of various other organs. Significant migration inhibition by tumor extracts was observed in 81.6% of the tests with gastric cancer, 67.4% of the tests with colorectal cancer, 69.0% of the tests with lung cancer, and 51.2% of the tests with other types of cancer. With fetal extracts, significant migration inhibition occurred in 58.3, 58.7, 59.6, and 54.9% of the tests, respectively. Reactivity against fetal extracts did not depend on the gestation age of the fetuses used for extraction. The conclusion was reached that the leukocytes of most of the cancer patients were sensitized against substances contained in fetal extracts irrespective of the type of tumor of the leukocyte donor. The cross-reactivity pattern suggested that 3-M KCl extracts of whole human fetuses contained a complex mixture of specificities related to the various fetal organs and tissues, which may have represented counterparts to most of the tumor-associated specificities.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 Aug
PMID:Sensitization of leukocytes of cancer patients against fetal antigens: leukocyte migration studies. 8 34

In spite of improvements in diagnosis and treatment, the fatal prognosis of lung cancer has persisted over the course of 25 years in a series of nearly 4000 patients. Only 30% (1149 cases) were operable, and on 23% of those resected (i.e. 7% of the total) survived for 5 years. An assessment is made of the relationship between survival and sex, age, tumour size and site, radiological picture, stage of invasiveness, type of surgery and degree of radicality, histological picture, and number of circulating lymphocytes. Age, sex and the type of resection (lobectomy or pneumonectomy) had no relation to prognosis. Palliative surgery was always associated with a fatal prognosis, as were cases with invasion of the chest wall, or, more particularly, with oat cell cancers. The outlook was more favourable in cases where radical treatment was given, in cases of squamous cancer, as opposed to other histological types, in those in stage 1 (Am. Joint Committee classification), and those with greater than 2000/mm3 lymphocytes--especially in adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:[Prognostic elements in bronchial carcinoma]. 8 46


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