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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-seven patients with tracheobronchial lesions by malignant tumor were treated with Nd-YAG laser. Thirty-seven patients were twenty-three males and fourteen females and ages ranged from 34 to 79 years. Diseases included were primary tracheal tumor in 3 cases, lung cancer in 16 (8 squamous cell carcinoma, 5 adenocarcinoma, 2 large cell carcinoma, 1 small cell carcinoma), cancer of adjacent organs in 9 (5 thyroid cancers, 4 esophageal cancers), and metastatic cancer to the lung or mediastinal lymph nodes in 9 (4 renal cell carcinoma, 2 thyroid cancer, one patient respectively, colon cancer and breast cancer). Intermittent irradiation of YAG laser was done for 0.5 second at 30-40 Watt through flexible bronchoscope under local anesthesia. It was repeated 1 to 41 times (mean 4.1 times) and energy amount was 148 Joules to 18,513 Joules (mean 3,305 J). The result was; stenosis disappeared in 22 cases (59.4%), improved in 14 (37.8%), and in one case YAG laser therapy discontinued due to intractable bleeding. The Nd-YAG laser therapy for tracheobronchial lesions by malignant tumor is very useful to improve dyspnea or atelectasis.
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PMID:[Nd-YAG laser therapy of tracheobronchial lesions by malignant tumor]. 173 32

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the occurrence of metastases and the size of primary cancers. We consider two probabilistic characterizations of this relationship. First is the distribution function of tumor sizes at the point of metastatic transition; second is the probability that detectable metastases are present when the cancer comes to medical attention. The equation relating these two functions is developed and conditions for their being identical are explored. Since the tumor size at the point of metastasis is not usually observable, estimation of the first distribution requires the use of the EM algorithm. Nonparametric methods of estimating both functions are explored, with attention to the fact that tumors often fail to be measured, particularly those that are known to be metastatic. The methods are applied to the estimation of primary tumor size at the point of distant metastasis in lung cancer (epidermoid and adenocarcinoma) and colorectal cancer and at the point of nodal metastasis in breast cancer. Monte Carlo experiments confirm that the bias inherent in the methodology is acceptably small.
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PMID:Nonparametric estimation of the size-metastasis relationship in solid cancers. 174 51

Two cases of necrotic myelopathy are presented. This is a very rare paraneoplasic syndrome. One patient had clear cell renal carcinoma and other had lymphatic metastasis of malignant melanoma without filiation of the primary tumor. The complete spinal study (MNR, CT, myelography) proved normal. Diagnosis is possible when all other causes of spinal disease have been discarded. Nowadays, it is possible to diagnose this disease premortem. The international literature reviewed showed 31 cases published since 1903, associated mainly to malignant diseases such as lymphomas, lung cancer, renal carcinoma, breast cancer, leukemias, etc. The differential diagnosis appears in the comments, as well as the presentation and evolution of the cases described up until now.
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PMID:[Necrotizing myelopathy associated with neoplasia. A clinico-pathological study of 2 cases and a review of the literature]. 175 90

Whether or not the association of systemic scleroderma and carcinoma is fortuitous is a much debated subject. Since 1886, approximately 320 cases of this association have been published. The most frequent malignancy involved is lung cancer (102 cases), followed by breast cancer (52 cases), malignant blood diseases (46 cases), cancer of the oesophagus (20 cases) and other gynaecological or gastrointestinal malignant tumours. A recent epidemiological study has shown that lung cancer is significantly more frequent than other malignancies, but statistical data on the latter are lacking. However, it would be wise to recommend that patients with systemic scleroderma should be regularly examined for gynaecological, haematological and gastrointestinal malignant diseases.
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PMID:[Systemic scleroderma and malignant diseases. A review of the literature]. 177 14

Between November 1985 and October 1989, 1413 patients were admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of our cancer hospital. Data collected at admission and during the ICU stay were analysed for: 1) medical problems and treatment modalities requiring the admission; 2) types of underlying disease; 3) mortality during intensive care; 4) nursing requirements. Of the 1413 admissions, 1220 were for solid tumors (mainly ovarian cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer) and 144 for hematological malignancies. Overall mortality during the ICU stay was 10%. There was a relative lack of nurses, as shown by the evaluation of the nursing activity with the TISS. 621 admissions were because of a medical emergency such as hypercalcemia or respiratory failure. Overall mortality was 22%. Of 64 patients treated by artificial ventilation, 46 (72%) died during their ICU stay. 732 admissions were made in order for administration and monitoring of special treatment or new therapeutic modalities including phase I drug infusion, intraperitoneal chemotherapy, intensive (megadosage) chemotherapy, lipophilic drug containing liposomes and coadministration of platinum derivatives. Our experience emphasizes the role of ICU facilities in modern oncology for both optimal supportive care in emergency cases and the safe development of new anticancer modalities.
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PMID:Medical cancer patients and intensive care. 177 58

The epidemiology of lung cancer in industrialized nations during the 20th century is a fascinating phenomenon. It is predicted that 161,000 new cases of lung cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 1991. Lung cancer will cause 143,000 deaths in the United States in 1991, and it has surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. The 5-year survival for patients with lung cancer has not changed significantly over the past several decades and is approximately 13%. The current attack on lung cancer is aimed at earlier detection, better understanding of its biology, or effective therapy, and prevention, the last of which is the key to controlling this disease. Medical historians of the future will surely be both amused by and disappointed in our efforts of the past five decades. Despite our knowledge of the most important causative factor in the development of lung cancer, our efforts to control this deadly epidemic have been paltry at best.
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PMID:Lung cancer: past, present, and future. 177 44

An early phase II multicentered study of YM 881 (zinostatin stimalamer) was conducted in 36 patients to investigate response and the safety of the drug in malignant tumors. The response could be evaluated in 18 patients, one with brain tumor, 2 with lung cancer, one with breast cancer, one with liver cancer, one with pancreatic cancer, 6 with gastric cancer, and 6 with colon cancer. PR was found in the patient with brain tumor. Major subjective unwanted effects were gastrointestinal symptoms. Objective evidence of hematological changes (thrombocytopenia, decreased hematocrit, and lymphocytopenia) was also obtained.
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PMID:[Early phase II study of YM 881 (zinostatin stimalamer) by intravenous injection. Research group for intravenous YM 881]. 182 83

We conducted a phase I study of CI-898 (trimetrexate), a new diaminoquinazoline antifolate in 22 patients with solid cancer in a multicenter collaborative study. The dosage schedule was single-dose intravenous administration (single treatment), followed by one or two courses of 5-day intravenous administration (5-day treatment) at 3-week intervals. Starting at 2 mg/m2 (1 n), the dose was increased up to 15 mg/m2 (7.5 n) for single treatment and 12 mg/m2 (6 n) for 5-day treatment. Evaluable cases numbered 18 for single treatment and 17 for 5-day treatment. In single treatment, the highest dose of 15 mg/m2 caused no serious side effect and did not reach the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In 5-day treatment, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were found dose dependently, the dose-limiting factor was bone marrow depression, and MTD was 10 mg/m2/day. The leukocyte and platelet counts reached the nadir in 1-3 weeks after initiation of 5-day treatment. The recovery from the nadir required about one week. Subjective side effects included mucitis (mouth, anus), malaise and gastro-intestinal symptoms (nausea, anorexia, diarrhea). None of alopecia, cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were found. In the present phase I study, a tendency of tumor reduction was found in one case each of breast cancer (adenoma) and lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma). The plasma concentration of the unchanged compound after single treatment showed a biphasic elimination pattern (t1/2 alpha 0.8-1.4 hr, t1/2 beta 9.4-13.0hr). The urinary excretion of the unchanged compound was 14.7-23.5% of the administered dose. In 5-day treatment, no accumulation was found. From the results of the present study, the recommended dosage of CI-898 in the early phase II study was considered to be 8 mg/m2/day intravenously for 5 days (every 3-4 weeks).
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PMID:[Phase I study of CI-898. CI-898 Study Group]. 183 40

Bioactive terpenes were isolated from the following plant species: 1) Pseudolaric acids: The active compounds of novel diterpenes, Pseudolaric acid A, B, C, and D, were isolated from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon (pinaceae). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data and chemical correlations. In continuous studies, absolute configurations, confirmation in solutions, fragmentation mechanisms of MS, and assignments of all nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral signals were also reported. They showed antifungal and cytotoxic activities. Pseudolaric acid A 1 and B 2 showed antifungal activities. Recently, pseudolaric acid B was established as a general cytotoxic agent against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia, KB carcinoma of the nasopharynx, HT-1080 fibrosarcoma, H00 578T breast cancer, human melanoma, human lung cancer, and human colon cancer cell lines. 2) Daphnane diterpenes: In further studies on the plants of Thymelaeaceae, besides 10 known diterpenes, 16 new daphnane diterpenes were isolated from Daphne genkwa, D. tangutica, D. giraldii, Wikstroemie chamaedaphne that showed antifertility activities. In continuous studies, besides 6 known compounds, 17 new daphnane diterpenes were isolated. 3) Tripterygium diterpenes: 14 new diterpenes were isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, T. regeli and T. hypoglaucum. Tripterygium wilfordii has been used as an anticancer drug, male contraceptive, and immunedepressant in Chinese folk medicine for a long time. Some of them showed antitumor activities. The CD spectra showed that A/B ring of all diterpenes had the same transconfiguration as tripdiolide and triptolide as determined by X-ray diffraction. In 1972 triptolide, tripdiolide and triptonide were isolated with significant anti-tumor activities. Celastrol demonstrated immunodepressive activities. In addition to 10 known triterpenes, 15 new diterpenes were isolated from the plants of Tripterygium by silica gel chromatography. 4) Pregnane glycosides from Marsdenia koi: Two new pregnane glycosides, marsdenikoiside A and marsdenikoiside B, which can terminate early pregnancy were isolated from Marsdenia koi. Their structures were elucidated by hydrolysis and spectroscopic methods.
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PMID:Some progress on the chemistry of natural bioactive terpenoids from Chinese medicinal plants. 184 5

Expression of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), the mammalian homologue of the amphibian bombesin, has been investigated at gene and protein level in a series of 28 primary breast carcinomas, in 6 mammary cancer cell lines and in one transplantable rat mammary carcinoma. Moderate to strong expression of GRP mRNA was detected in 5 breast carcinomas by Northern blot analysis with a pre-pro-GRP probe; 4 other cases were weakly reactive. Two of these cases also gave a specific immunocytochemical reaction for GRP, controlled with absorption experiments. Correlation with NE differentiation [as shown by chromogranins (Cg) and/or NSE and/or Grimelius positivity] was low, since only one case of breast carcinoma co-expressed GRP and Cg mRNAs. Breast cancer cell lines and a rat carcinoma gave negative results. GRP production in breast cancer did not appear to bear prognostic implications, but longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these data. As shown in small-cell lung cancer, GRP might be involved in autocrine growth control mechanisms of a group of breast carcinomas.
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PMID:Expression of the gastrin-releasing peptide gene in carcinomas of the breast. 184 22


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