Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The records of the two main referral centres for the western and central Arctic were reviewed for Eskimo patients with cancer diagnosed between 1949 and 1974 inclusive. To these were added the records for the past 6 years of patients from the eastern Arctic, giving the toatal of 180 histologically proved cases of malignant disease. Athe data were analysed for prevalence, relative frequency, geographic distribution and changes with time of the various neoplasms. Salivary gland and renal neoplasms have in recent years been displaced by cancer of the lung and uterine cervix as the most common malignant tumours in Canadian Eskimos. The prevalence of lung cancer in Eskimo women, particularly of the central Artic, is striking. Cancer of the nasopharynx kept the same relative position during early and late years of the survey period. Breast cancer is still uncommon in Eskimos. Lactation rather than gestation history appeared to be an important protective factor. Cases of cervical cancer outnumbered those of breast cancer by 18 to 4, in sharp contrast to the relative proportions of these tumours in all Canadian women.
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PMID:The changing pattern of neoplastic disease in Canadian Eskimos. 113 84

Fifteen patients with radiation-induced brachial plexus paralysis were studied. Thirteen women had been treated for breast cancer. Two men developed symptoms and signs following radiation therapy for lung cancer. The brachial plexus paralysis initially was not static and progressed, but spontaneous arrest with permanent residual paralysis was seen in three patients. Three were noted to have intractable pain, but the major complaint of the remaining 12 was the inability to use their hand. The ten patients on whom an earlier operation directed at the brachial plexus had been performed were not relieved. Two of these were later considered excellent candidates for a tendon transfer in the hand. One did not desire surgery. The other underwent operation and showed marked improvement of her grasp and general hand function.
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PMID:Radiation-induced brachial plexus paralysis. 114 55

Metastatic disease involving the stomach is an unusual and difficult clinical problem. A review of 1010 autopsies of patients with cancer disclosed 17 cases of gastric metastases (an incidence of 1.7%), with breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma being the most frequent primaries. The clinical manifestations of epigastric pain, melena, and anemia are nonspecific, necessitating radiographic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. The radiographic findings are usually sufficient to suggest the diagnosis.
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PMID:Metastatic disease involving the stomach. 119 Jan 98

The published studies of cancer of United States Jews are reviewed. Despite the lack of religious designation on death certificates, case reports, and census returns, a number of indirect methods for measuring the problem have been devised, which produce fairly consistent findings. In general, for American Jews, these show deficits in cancer mortality, among males, for the buccal cavity and pharynx and prostate and, among females, for the breast, uterine cervix and corpus, and bladder. Excesses in mortality, noted for both sexes, are esophagus, stomach, colon, pancreas, lymphomas, and leukemia and, in females, the lung and the ovary. The standardized mortality ratios for cancer of selected sites for Russian-born residents of upstate New York, 1969 through 1971, are presented as an indirect measure of the problem in the United States Jews. Statistically significant excesses were found in males for stomach and colon, with a striking deficit in cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx. Among females, excesses were noted for stomach, pancreas, and lung with a sharp deficit in the uterine cervix. On the basis of the religious affiliation of the cemetery of burial, estimates of the Jewish and non-Jewish components of the 800 deaths in Russian-born residents were determined. Expected deaths in these two subgroups by sex, for each cancer site, were then calculated by use of the site-specific proportionate mortality of upstate New York for these years. This revealed a significant excess among Jewish males for colon cancer, with a deficit in lung cancer, while among the non-Jewish male components stomach cancer mortality was the only site significantly in excess. Among Jewish females, stomach and lung cancers were in excess, with a deficit in cancers of the breast and cervix uteri. In non-Jewish Russian-born females, the only site significantly in excess was stomach, with breast cancer showing a deficit.
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PMID:Cancer in United States Jews. 119 15

Adriamycin is a new anticancer antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activity against solid tumours. The results obtained with this agent in 159 patients with histologically confirmed advanced metastastic malignancies are reported. Encouraging results were obtained in patients with sarcomas of bone and soft tissue (12/22). Response was also seen in mesothelioma (3/9) and lung cancer (5/15). A variety of other neoplasms was also treated and results obtained in neuroblastoma, testicular tumours, stomach carcinoma, breast cancer and nephroblastoma are reported. Treatment is discussed, with reference to response rates and toxicity. Results in 72 patients with advanced breast cancer, who received adriamycin in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, are presented. Seventeen patients with primary liver cancer were also treated with adriamycin. To date, this is the only chemotherapeutic agent that appears to significantly improve survival times in patients with this resistant form of cancer. The prophylactic use of adriamycin against osteogenic sarcoma is also discussed.
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PMID:Adriamycin in the treatment of cancer. 125 Dec 78

With the aim of analysing the pathological findings of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with bronchial or breast cancer and gastrointestinal symptoms a multicenter study was carried out over one year (1990) by 26 medical departments. One duodenal metastasis was verified among 188 patients with lung cancer. Seven of 118 patients with breast cancer developed symptomatic stenosis of the esophagus. A total of 42.9% of the patients with lung cancer and 38.6% of the patients with breast cancer had pathological findings detected by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Most frequent findings were duodenal and gastritic ulcers (lung cancer 15.0%, breast cancer 15.8%), esophagitis (lung cancer 16.3%, breast cancer 8.9%) and symptomatic stenosis of the esophagus (lung cancer 9.5%, breast cancer 7.0%). The authors conclude that there is a high frequency of relevant pathological upper gastrointestinal tract findings in symptomatic patients with breast or lung cancer, but that true metastatic disease is a rare phenomenon with the exception of metastatic involvement of the esophagus.
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PMID:[Upper intestinal endoscopy in 188 bronchial cancer patients and 118 breast cancer patients with abdominal symptoms. The GI Metastases Study Group]. 128 24

The occurrence of ERBB-2 (HER-2/NEU) oncogene amplification was studied in 203 DNA samples obtained from 175 cancer patients. Amplification of ERBB-2 oncogene was established in 14 out of 63 (22%) patients with breast cancer, 1 out of 23 cases of ovarian tumor, 1 out of 19 cases of large bowel cancer and 1 out of 27 patients with cancer of the thyroid. Patients with lung cancer (34), soft tissue sarcoma (6) and malignant melanoma (3) failed to reveal any changes in the above oncogene. A tendency was established for ERBB-2 oncogene amplification to be associated with lymph node involvement in female patients with breast cancer: amplification was observed in 9 out of 28 patients presenting with lymph node metastases and only in 5 out of 29 metastases-free cases. To summarize, ERBB-2 oncogene is fairly often activated in human tumors but a high occurrence of the gene amplification was observed in female patients with breast cancer only.
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PMID:[The search for amplification of the ERBB-2 oncogene in human tumors]. 130 Jul 65

This analysis indicated that patients with cancer-related pain account for 71.0% in author's material. After the TCM treatment, the effective rate were 91.6% in hepatocarcinoma-related pain; 86.1% in colon-rectal cancer-related pain; 68.2% in malignant lymphoma-related pain; 100% in irradiation-related pain of esophageal cancer, lung cancer, post-operative breast cancer. Results of "four-step analgesic ladder" showed that 52.1% of pain could be relieved by Step I (TCM therapy); if Step II (indomethacin) or III (phenylbutazone) was added, the rate of pain relief reached as high as 96.5%; and only 3.5% need to be treated by Step IV (Opioids). With less side-effects and addiction of opioids and other narcotics, the "four-step analgesic ladder" therapy seems to be more suitable for cancer pain relief in China.
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PMID:[Comprehensive "4-step analgesic ladder" therapy in treating cancer-related pain-analysis of 486 cases]. 130 38

To define the role of neuropeptides in lung cancer biology, we evaluated the effect of seven peptide classes on signal transduction and growth in human lung and breast cancer cell lines. Flow cytometric methods were used to quantitate the calcium response in individual cells produced by these peptides alone or in combination. The effects on growth were assessed by [3H]thymidine, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and soft agarose colony assays. All lung cancer cells demonstrated calcium responses to one or more peptides with classic small cell lines displaying the greatest responsiveness, followed by variant small cell lines and non-small cell lines. Breast cancer cell lines demonstrated little or no response. There was great variability in the magnitude of calcium response and pattern of response between lung cancer cell lines to individual neuropeptides. Bradykinin was the most potent peptide and produced responses in the highest fraction of lung cancer cell lines. Combinations of peptides produced greater intracellular calcium release than the single peptides, although in less than a quantitatively additive manner. Each peptide produced a refractory period which was peptide class specific. The growth stimulating effects of these neuropeptides were absent or small in magnitude and did not correlate with calcium signal transduction. These results imply that lung cancer cells display a wide sensitivity to neuropeptides but in a very heterogeneous manner. Knowledge of this heterogeneity should be incorporated into the design of antitumor strategies based on this autocrine pathway.
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PMID:Neuropeptide signal transduction in lung cancer: clinical implications of bradykinin sensitivity and overall heterogeneity. 130 27

Gemcitabine (dFdC) and DMDC are new antimetabolites with good antitumor activities against various tumors which include human leukemic cell lines and a number of rodent and human solid tumors and human tumor. They are structurally related to cytarabine (Ara-C) which is known as one of the most effective drugs against adult acute leukemia, but many solid tumors are insensitive not been found to the drug. Gemcitabine acts as an inhibitor of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase and inhibits DNA synthesis. Biochemically Gemcitabine is rapidly phosphorylated to dFdCTP which has a comparatively longer half-life than that of Ara-C, showing a therapeutic activity against tumors. In the phase I trials, the reported maximum-tolerated doses were 790 mg/m2 to 1370 mg/m2 at the schedule of 30 minutes i.v. infusion once a week for three weeks but higher dose levels (2,500 mg/m2 to 4,800 mg/m2) were reported in the schedule of prolongation of the infusion time. Reported toxicities were myelosuppression, fatigability, fever, appetite loss and skin rash. Toxicities were seemed to be mild. In USA, Europe and South Africa, phase II trials of Gemcitabine at the schedule of 30 minutes infusion once a week for three weeks followed by one week rest were performed against solid tumors (breast cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreas cancer, head and neck cancer, and lung cancer) and showed good responses to those tumors. DMDC was developed in Japan, and a phase I trial is currently on-going.
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PMID:[New antitumor antimetabolites--gemcitabine and DMDC]. 133 22


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