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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors present an analysis of the results of therapy of 236 breast cancer patients, 212 patients with cancer of the uterine body, 269 patients with bladder cancer and 386 lung cancer patients. The frequency of diabetes mellitus is compared among cancer patients of different age groups. Cancer patients with diabetes mellitus were, on an average, more advanced in age than patients without it. A possible metabolic effect of glucose and acidification of tumors on the patients' cure is discussed.
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PMID:[Does diabetes affect the probability of cure and prolongation of life of oncological patients?]. 301 56

The mortality of all 14,327 people who were known to have been employed at the Sellafield plant of British Nuclear Fuels at any time between the opening of the site in 1947 and 31 December 1975 was studied up to the end of 1983. The vital state of 96% of the workers was traced satisfactorily and 2277 were found to have died, 572 (25%) from cancer. On average the workers suffered a mortality from all causes that was 2% less than that of the general population of England and Wales and 9% less than that of the population of Cumberland (the area in which the plant is sited). Their mortality from cancers of all kinds was 5% less than that of England and Wales and 3% less than that of Cumberland. In the five years after their first employment Sellafield workers had an overall mortality that was 70% of that of England and Wales, probably due to healthier members of the population being selected for employment. Raised death rates from cancers of several specific sites were found, but only for those of ill defined and secondary sites was the excess statistically significant (30 observed, 19.7 expected). For cancers of the liver and gall bladder there was a significant deficit of deaths (four observed, 10.5 expected). Workers in areas of the plant where radiation exposure was likely were issued with dosimeters to measure their external exposure to ionising radiations. Personal dose records were maintained for workers who entered such areas other than infrequently. Workers with personal dose records ("radiation" workers) had lower death rates from all causes combined than other workers but the death rates from cancer in the two groups were similar. Compared with the general population radiation workers had statistically significant deficits of liver and gall bladder cancer, lung cancer, and Hodgkin's disease. There were excesses of deaths from myeloma (seven observed, 4.2 expected) and prostatic cancer (19 observed, 15.8 expected) but these were not significant and there was no evidence of an excess of leukaemia (10 deaths observed, 12.2 expected) or cancer of the pancreas (15 observed, 17.8 expected). Non-radiation workers had a significant deficit of leukaemia (one death observed, 5.1 expected) and a significant excess of cancers of ill defined and secondary sites (13 deaths observed, 5.8 expected). For no type of cancer was the ratio of observed to expected deaths significantly different between radiation and non-radiation workers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Mortality of workers at the Sellafield plant of British Nuclear Fuels. 309 83

In occupational cancer epidemiology, many studies are carried out without access to information on smoking and other potential confounding variables. It is unclear whether such deficiencies are likely to cause serious bias in estimates of cancer-occupation associations. An empiric investigation was carried out to determine the effect of inclusion or exclusion of three variables--smoking, ethnic group, and socioeconomic status--on estimates of odds ratios (OR) between 25 occupations and three types of cancer--lung, bladder, and stomach. Of the 75 associations studied, only one OR was distorted by more than 40% when comparing unadjusted with adjusted estimates; three were distorted by between 30% and 40%; four others by between 20% and 30%. Of the eight associations which were distorted by more than 20%, seven involved lung cancer and one involved bladder cancer; none involved stomach cancer. An additional analysis was carried out on the 25 lung cancer-occupation associations to determine whether the nature of the stratification on smoking (ie, whether crude or "precise" categories were used) gave different OR estimates. The differences in ORs induced by different parametrizations of the smoking variable were relatively small. Our results support the view that relative risks between lung cancer and occupation in excess of 1.4 are unlikely to be artifacts due to uncontrolled confounding. For bladder and stomach cancer, the corresponding cut point may be as low as 1.2. In studies of occupation and cancer, uncontrolled confounding due to smoking and social class may not be as serious a threat to the integrity of results as is sometimes feared.
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PMID:Degree of confounding bias related to smoking, ethnic group, and socioeconomic status in estimates of the associations between occupation and cancer. 317 18

In 1982, the American Cancer Society enrolled over 1.2 million American men and women in a prospective mortality study of cancer and other causes in relation to different risk factors. The 2-year mortality of 461,981 males aged 40-79 years with known smoking habit has been analyzed in relation to exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and to employment in selected occupations related to DE exposure. The relative risk (RR) for all causes of death for those exposed was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-1.13). For lung cancer, the RR was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.97-1.44). A dose-response effect was present. Railroad workers, heavy equipment operators, miners, and truck drivers had a higher mortality both for all causes and for lung cancer when compared with subjects with other occupations and no exposure to DE. Truck drivers exposed to DE were not at excess risk of lung cancer if compared with truck drivers unexposed to DE, but a trend of increasing risk with duration of exposure was suggested. DE exposure was also associated with increase in mortality for accidents, cerebrovascular disease, arteriosclerosis, and cirrhosis of the liver. An association based on small numbers was also present for Hodgkin's disease and lymphoid leukemia. No association with chronic non-neoplastic pulmonary diseases or with bladder cancer was found.
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PMID:Diesel exhaust exposure and mortality among males in the American Cancer Society prospective study. 318 56

Available statistics on smoking, alcohol, food supply, reproductive history, and other lifestyle habits from the U.S. and Italy were compared and related to mortality rates of common neoplasms over the period 1955 to 1980. Per capita cigarette consumption has declined in the U.S. since the early 1960s but continues to rise in Italy, chiefly due to the recent increase in cigarette smoking among Italian women. Alcohol consumption has increased in both countries, being persistently about 40% higher in Italy. Changes were relatively limited in the American diet, but substantial for the Italian one which had particularly marked increases in meat, milk, and fat consumption. Fertility rates have declined in both countries but more sharply in the U.S. These lifestyle changes were reflected by distinctly divergent trends in cancer mortality rates between the two countries. In Italian males, mortality rates of urinary bladder cancer and alcohol-related neoplasms of the aerodigestive tract (oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus) increased in a similar manner and were persistently elevated relative to American males. Similarly, Italian lung cancer rates, while starting from lower values, rose steadily to overtake American rates in the younger and middle age groups of both sexes, and neoplasms of the intestines, breast, and ovary, starting from considerably lower values, tended to approach the American rates over the 25-year period considered. Within Italy, mortality rates of most common neoplasms were substantially elevated in the North of the country relative to the South, thereby paralleling the distinct North to South gradient in socioeconomics, diet, and affluent lifestyle which exists in the country. In our opinion, most of these trends are real, and their explanation should be sought, partly or largely, in the changes in tobacco and alcohol use, and the reproductive and dietary patterns described. The evidence presented underlies the importance of this kind of exercise to formulate and test etiological hypotheses of human diseases, which may be overlooked in studies based on populations with more homogeneous lifestyle habits or environmental exposures.
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PMID:Comparative epidemiology of cancer between the United States and Italy. 319 99

From 1975 to 1986, 15 cases (2%) of metastatic calcification associated with an underlying malignancy were found in a review of 702 autopsied cases with histories of malignancy. These underlying malignancies included 7 cases of lung cancer, 6 cases of malignant lymphoma, one case of breast cancer, and one of urinary bladder cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma was of the histological type most often associated with metastatic calcification in lung cancer, and ATL in malignant lymphoma. Hypercalcemia was found in 10 (83%) out of cases, and almost all were accompanied by renal dysfunction. Calcium deposits were most frequently observed in the kidneys and the lungs. It has been suggested that metastatic calcification in the lungs and kidneys of a patient with a history of malignancy showing hypercalcemia is sometimes accompanied by respiratory and renal dysfunction, causing the patient's condition to deteriorate.
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PMID:[Metastatic calcification associated with malignancy]. 323 Jun 35

Based on the numbers of new cancers diagnosed, deaths from cancer and person-years of life lost as a result of death from cancer, non-melanocytic skin cancer, lung cancer, cancers of the colon and rectum, breast cancer, cancer of the prostate, melanoma, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the bladder, cancer of the pancreas, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were judged to be the most important cancers in Australia in 1982. Of these, only cancer of the pancreas appeared to be decreasing in frequency, and then only since 1979, while cancers of the lung and malignant melanoma of the skin were increasing rapidly. By the turn of the century the number of new cases of cancer diagnosed in Australia each year will be at least 50% higher than it was in 1982, mainly as a result of population growth and ageing. Given what is presently known about the causes of cancer it may be estimated that about one-third of cancers occurring in Australia could be prevented through feasible programmes. More than half of this change would be achieved through the elimination of tobacco smoking. A further 13% of cancer deaths, and some non-fatal cases, could be prevented by the effective implementation of cancer screening programmes of established efficacy. Even after this, however, many of the currently important cancers would remain significant. They are, therefore, priority subjects for research in cancer control.
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PMID:The epidemiology and prevention of cancer in Australia. 326 76

Cancer incidence trends from the late 1940s to 1983-84 were assessed among white residents of five geographic areas (Atlanta, Connecticut, Detroit, Iowa, San Francisco-Oakland) by means of data derived from several National Cancer Institute surveys, the Connecticut Tumor Registry, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Incidence trends were compared with mortality trends for the entire United States and for the same five study areas. This study documented rising incidence and mortality rates for four cancers: lung cancer, melanoma of the skin, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in lung cancer continued through the early 1980s, but the rate of increase has been moderating during recent years, particularly among males and at younger ages for whom recent declines are evident. Overall, lung cancer incidence rates increased more than 220 and 400% among males and females, respectively. Although much rarer than lung cancer, melanoma of the skin and multiple myeloma increased greatly until the early 1980s among both males and females. The overall rate of increase in melanoma incidence among males was greater than that for lung cancer, and the rate of increase in multiple myeloma mortality among females was exceeded only by that for lung cancer. Increases of 70-120% were observed for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were apparent during the early years but less conspicuous in recent years. Laryngeal and kidney cancer rates generally increased substantially, although the changes were not remarkable for laryngeal cancer mortality among males and kidney cancer mortality among females. The rates for cancers of the mouth and pharynx increased among females but not males. Prostate, colon, and bladder cancer incidence rates increased more than 65% among males, whereas mortality rates changed only moderately. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased more than 75% among both sexes until the late 1970s, but mortality rates have declined during the period of study. Breast cancer incidence increased 30%, whereas mortality rates remained remarkably constant. The incidence of corpus uteri cancer increased dramatically during the mid-1970s and decreased substantially thereafter; these changes were not reflected in the mortality rates, which continually declined during the entire time period. The incidence of testicular cancer increased more than 90% and that of Hodgkin's disease did not change greatly; however, mortality rates for both cancers declined more than 50% since the late 1960s and early 1970s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947-84. 330 21

Hepatic N-acetylation phenotype has been suggested to be an important risk factor in the aetiology of bladder cancer. This study explores the N-acetylation capacity of a series of lung cancer cases (126) and two control groups. No overall association of slow or rapid acetylators exists between cancer patients and controls. There is also no difference in the distribution of acetylation phenotypes amongst the histological subtypes.
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PMID:Polymorphic N-acetylation capacity in lung cancer. 334 87

We calculated 5-year crude and relative survival rates, by age and sex, for patients in Alberta in whom cancer was diagnosed between 1974 and 1978. Cancers with low overall 5-year relative survival rates (less than 35%) included stomach cancer, cancer of the pancreas, lung cancer, brain cancer, multiple myeloma and myeloid leukemia. Cancers with high overall 5-year relative survival rates (more than 70%) included melanoma, breast cancer, cancer of the uterus, cancer of the bladder and Hodgkin's disease. Five-year relative survival rates were generally lower in the highest age group (75 years or more). A strong inverse relation between age and survival was noted for brain cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and myeloid leukemia.
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PMID:Survival rates among patients with cancer in Alberta in 1974-78. 337 May 94


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