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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty one patients (59 females, 22 males) with advanced solid tumors were treated with Adriamycin in doses of 40 mg/m2 body surgace daily, in two days cycles, with resting periods of 3 weeks. Overall response rate was 46% (37/81). In breast cancer response rate was 56% (13/23) and in ovarian cancer 48% (13/27). In various other tumors remission was observed in soft tissue sarcomas (3/8), thyroid cancer (1/7), osteogenic sarcoma (1/4), oesophageal cancer (2/4), lung cancer (2/4), bladder cancer (1/2) and hepatoma (1/2). In breast cancer patients, 2-7 month remission duration was observed (M equal to 4.5 month) and in ovarian cancer 1.5-5 month (M equal to 3.2 month). Adriamycin was also applied intrapleurally in 31 patients with malignant pleural effusions with a low response rate (26%). This modified schedule of Adriamycin administration showed a high antitumor activity in breast and ovarian cancer and in soft tissue sarcomas. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was also sensitive to Adriamycin therapy. The very low rate of myelosuppression and oral ulceration showed the decreased toxicity of this Adriamycin administration schedule.
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PMID:Modified administration schedule of adriamycin in solid tumors. 14 May 42

Most humans in the United States have been infected with BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus. Because BKV has oncogenic properties, we have investigated whether it may be a cause of human cancer. Basic principles of tumor virology imply that BKV-induced tumors should contain BKV DNA sequences. Therefore, we assayed (by molecular hybridization) DNA from human tumors and malignant cell lines for BKV DNA, using BKV [(32)P]DNA as probe. The BKV [(32)P]DNA was labeled in vitro (nick translation) to specific activities of 1 to 2 x 10(8) cpm/mug. The BKV DNA used to prepare our probes had the properties expected of authentic BKV genomes, including density of superhelical DNA, sedimentation velocity in alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients, production of one fragment by endonuclease EcoRI cleavage and four fragments by endonuclease Hin II + III cleavage and reassociation properties. From these studies we conclude that our BKV probes hybridized well, and represented bona fide BKV DNA. Using three different BKV [(32)P]DNA probes, i.e., from three distinct plaque isolates, we have analyzed DNA from BKV-transformed cells, normal human tissues, and a large number of human tumors. All human DNAs (cell lines, normal tissues, tumors) hybridized 5% with BKV DNA. Hybridization analysis of BKV-transformed hamster cell DNA indicated 5-6 copies of at least 88% of the BKV genome per cell. No BKV DNA sequences were detected (above the normal 5% hybridization to all human DNAs) in the following normal human tissues: 10 kidney (BKV is usually isolated from urine), 3 spleen, 13 lung, 23 colon, 2 rectum, 1 ileum, and 1 skin. No BKV-specific DNA was found in 166 tumors, including 5 carcinomas (Ca) of stomach, 3 Ca small intestine, 26 Ca colon, 9 Ca rectum, 31 Ca lung, 9 adenocarcinomas and 5 oat cell carcinomas of lung, 17 melanomas, 5 Ca prostate, 4 Ca bladder, 6 Wilms tumors, 4 hypernephromas, 15 Ca kidney, 7 brain tumors, 5 Hodgkin lymphomas, 10 lymphomas (immunosuppressed patients have a high incidence of lymphomas), 2 reticulum cell sarcomas (spleen), and 3 skin tumors. We have also analyzed 7 human malignant cell lines (melanoma, lung, rhabdomyosarcoma, and glioblastomas), including several clones of a lung melanoma line; no BKV DNA sequences were detected. Because our probes could detect one copy of BKV DNA if only 10% of the cells were tumor cells, our results are very strong evidence that the tumors we analyzed did not have a BKV etiology. The tumors we tested represent about 50% of all cancers in the United States; there is no evidence that BKV is involved in the etiology of these types of tumors.
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PMID:Analysis of human tumors and human malignant cell lines for BK virus-specific DNA sequences. 20 40

Mortality data from cancers of the lung and bladder in England and Wales were analyzed. With the use of detailed information on cigarette consumption, a nonlinear least-squares analysis showed that the differences between males and females in the rates of these cancers could be explained on the basis of differences in smoking habits. Furthermore, estimates of the relative risk due to smoking were obtained. The relative risks of smoking 146,000 cigarettes (equivalent to 20 cigarettes/day for 20 yr) were 4.3 for lung cancer and 2.9 for bladder cancer. These estimates agree with those obtained by other types of epidemiologic studies.
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PMID:Estimation of relative risk from vital data: smoking and cancers of the lung and bladder. 29 7

Information has been obtained on a cohort of professional pesticide applicators which will be followed prospectively. The cohort consists of 16,126 males employed for three months or more between 1967 and 1976 by any of three nationwide pest control companies. Deaths which occurred between 1967 and 1976 were reported by the Social Security Administration as a result of a search of its records. Overall, 311 deaths were ascertained, giving a standardized mortality ration (SMR) of 84. SMRs were over 100 for three causes of death--cancer of the lung (115), cancer of the skin (173) and cancer of the bladder (277). The confidence intervals of two of these ratios include 100, and the observed numbers therefore do not differ significantly from those expected. For bladder cancer the excess is on the border of statistical significance (p less than 0.05). The excess of deaths from lung cancer was not seen for applicators classified as termite control operators, a group more likely to be exposed to chlordane and heptachlor. There were significantly low SMRs for cancer of the digestive organs (46) and for other diseases of the digestive (55) and respiratory (29) systems. Deaths from cerebrovascular disease were also less than expected, though not significantly so.
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PMID:Mortality of pesticide applicators. 51 18

Retrospective data on dietary habits, employment history and tobacco use were obtained from 569 bladder cancer patients and 1025 age-matched controls admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute. Sex-adjusted relative risks revealed increases in risk for lower levels of an index of vitamin A intake. A similar pattern of risk elevation was associated with infrequent milk and carrot intake. Some elevation of risk was found for heavy coffee drinking but the apparent protective effect for milk consumption was not found to be a spurious result of lower coffee intake. Neither was the role of vitamin A explained by its relationship with smoking or employment in high risk occupations. Some association of bladder cancer with infrequent consumption of cruciferous vegetables was also observed. The findings of this investigation are consistent with tumor inhibition by retinoids in animal studies and the low risk associated with vitamin A in epidemiologic studies of lung cancer.
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PMID:Dietary risk factors in human bladder cancer. 58 94

Adriamycin has not been as extensively evaluated in Japan as in some other countries. This is due both to the widespread use of mitomycin C and importantly to the alopecia caused by adriamycin being particularly disturbing to Japanese patients. Japanese studies have shown the drug to be highly active in tumors such as stomach cancer (31/92), lung cancer (27/84), and malignant lymphomas (15/46). Combination studies have been mainly with 5-FU although others have also been investigated. Other approaches which have been studied include intraarterial infusion, local application in bladder cancer, intrapleural application and in the treatment of childhood malignancies.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of adriamycin in Japan. 70 10

Thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activities of 14 lines of cultured human cancer cells were estimated by modified Astrup's methods. High tissue thromboplastic activity was found in one line of urinary-bladder cancer, 2 lines of gastric cancer and one line of lung cancer, but no activity was found in 6 lines of lung cancer. High fibrinolytic activity was noted in one line of gastric cancer and 2 lines of lung cancer, but no activity was seen in 6 lines of lung cancer and one line of gastric cancer. No plasmin activity was found. The tumour cell lines could be classified into 3 groups on the basis of the 2 activities. Cancer cell lines could also be classified into 2 groups: with high or low release of thromboplastin into culture media. Fibrinolytic activity was found in the culture media of all cell lines with high fibrinolytic activity. Fibrinolytic activity, but not thromboplastic activity, seemed to be influenced by the constituents of culture media. No definite correlation was found between the 2 activities and the histological types of the parent tumours of the cultured cells.
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PMID:Thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activities of cultured human cancer cell lines. 75 28

The records of 40 867 men employed for at least one year in the rubber and cablemaking industries have now been observed for eight years. This analysis compares the mortality pattern for 1972-74 with that previously reported for 1968-71. It indicates a significant excess of deaths due to cancer of the bladder throughout the industry including men who had not been exposed to acknowledged bladder carcinogens. This excess is in deaths occurring in 1973 and 1974 in the 45-64 and 65 years plus age groups. The two sectors of the industry where this excess is significant are footwear and footwear supplies except adhesives, and the tyre sector. The excess of all cancers taken together previously noted throughout the study population for 1968-71 is confirmed for 1972-74 as is the excess for lung cancers. The greater excess in the tyre sector is also confirmed, particularly in those men in the 55-64 year age group and those who entered the industry between 1950 and 1960. While men employed in 1967 on moulding, press, autoclave, and pan curing, and workers in finished goods, stores, packaging, and despatch continue to have more lung cancer deaths than expected for 1972-74, the excess is no longer statistically significant. An excess of cancer of the stomach which was overlooked in 1968-71 is not confirmed in 1972-74 but is nevertheless high when the total period of study 1968-74 is considered. The limitations of the study are discussed with particular reference to extrapolating the results to the whole industry. We conclude that there is a higher rate of lung cancer in the tyre sector of the industry and that immediate investigations are required to test the hypothesis concerning the recent excess of bladder cancers. Attention should now be paid to the control of exposures to all potential hazards in the industry.
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PMID:A survey of occupational cancer in the rubber and cablemaking industries: analysis of deaths occurring in 1972-74. 99 99

The Transport and General Workers' Union (UK) has an active programme devoted to monitoring the health of its 1.8 million members. Files on members who died of bladder cancer after exposure to beta-naphthylamine go back to the late 1920's. From the same period came data on members suffering from asbestosis which included same cases of lung cancer before the industrial cause of the disease was recognized. These and other more recent examples including Nonox S and vinyl chloride amply justify the need for setting up registers of all workers who are at risk from industrial exposure. The scientfic community has a responsibility for communicating data regarding hazards both to employers and employees who can then ensure that all who have been exposed can be notified and screened. The trade unions have a part to play in ensuring that industry accepts conditions of greater control under the new regulations in the United Kingdom. There must be a continuing tripartite discussion between industrial management, trade unions and the responsible governement official.
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PMID:The trade unionist's view of occurpational cancer. 100 86

Several previous epidemiologic studies of the rubber industry--an industry that uses many chemicals--have identified excess mortality from certain specific cancers. In this study, four cohorts of active and retired workers, at four major rubber-tire plants, were identified historically and followed for the ten-year period from 1964 to 1973. The cancer mortality of these four population was compared, separately and combined, with that of the general community. For all cancers combined, there was a slight excess above the expected number of deaths, whereas for some specific cancers (stomach, colon, prostate, and neoplasms of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system) there was a marked excess of deaths. Proportional mortality analysis at other small plants revealed similar excesses for these cancers, and some excess for lung, bladder, and CNS cancers. Analysis of detailed individual work histories reveals an association of certain cancers with specific job exposures; in particular, lymphatic leukemia and solvent exposure, and lung cancer and curing-room exposure. For both bladder cancer and stomach cancer, preliminary analyses indicate an association with groups of jobs in adjacent production stages (handling and mixing raw ingredients, and processing the "green" precured rubber, respectively). Further analytic studies are currently under way to identify groups of rubber workers at increased risk of other specific cancers.
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PMID:Cancer mortality among rubber workers: an epidemiologic study. 106 94


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