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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mortality due to respiratory disease was studied in France between 1970 and 1974 as well as in seven other countries in the European Economic Community. The French results were presented as an index of mortality by cause of death, enabling a comparison of the mortality in different groups of the population. Data was supplied for 7 diagnostic groups defined according to List A of the International Classification of Diseases. The population studied consisted of men and women between 15 to 64 years, classified according to residence (urban or rural) and profession (agricultural worker or not). In addition the indices of mortality for farmers or agricultural employees were compared to men of the same social class, for the same period. The comparisons between the urban and the rural background revealed an excess mortality for respiratory tuberculosis, lung cancer, bronchitis, emphysema and asthma for those in urban areas. In the rural environment an excess mortality was noted for acute respiratory diseases in both men and women; this was also found comparing agricultural to non-agricultural workers. Lastly, if one compared agricultural and non-agricultural workers of the same social class, deaths due to acute and chronic respiratory infections were higher in the agricultural workers. These results show the relative importance already stressed in other studies, of acute respiratory diseases in agricultural workers.
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PMID:[Mortality from respiratory diseases among agricultural and non-agricultural workers in France from 1970 to 1974]. 684 89

To assess the degree to which use of hospital tests and procedures changed over a five-year period, we studied 1203 patients who were hospitalized at the University of California. San Francisco, in either 1972 or 1977 with one of 10 diagnoses: acute asthma, acute myocardial infarction, lung cancer, respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn, cataract excision, cesarean section or vaginal delivery, kidney transplantation, stapedectomy, or total hip replacement. After careful adjustment for case severity, the total number of tests and procedures per hospital stay was found to be relatively unchanged over the five-year period for most but not all the diagnoses. However, the use of certain new diagnostic procedures (such as determination of arterial blood gases, ultrasonography, fetal monitoring, and radioisotope scanning) did increase significantly. Although generalization from these limited observations must be cautious, the data suggest that a "technology imperative" may apply more to the introduction of new technologies than to the expanding use of older, established tests and procedures. Effective cost-containment strategies must recognize the complexities of technology use among different diagnoses.
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PMID:Changes in the use of medical technologies, 1972-1977: a study of 10 inpatient diagnoses. 703 84

1. macroscopically normal human lung tissue was obtained from operative specimens removed for lung cancer and challenged with antigen or calcium ionophore. The release of histamine and slow-reacting substances was measured by fluorimetric and bioassay techniques respectively. 2. Benoxaprofen, a drug with inhibitory effects on the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways, caused a dose-related reduction of release of slow-reacting substances without affecting histamine release. 3. These results with human lung tissue in vitro suggest that benoxaprofen may be used to investigate the role of slow-reacting substances in experimental and clinical asthma.
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PMID:Effect of benoxaprofen on release of slow-reacting substances from human lung tissue in vitro. 708 81

Radioimmunoassays of urinary 5 alpha-7 alpha-dihydroxyketotetranorprosta-1,16-dioic acid and its delta-lactone(main urinary metabolite of PGF, PGF-MUM) were performed for the patients with several pulmonary diseases. The quantities of PGE and PGF in plasma for the patients with pulmonary emphysema especially were also measured by radioimmunoassay. Following results were obtained. 1) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM in normal subjects were 18.4 +/- 9.1 microgram/day (24.5 +/- 9.2 microgram/day in male, 12.2 +/- 2.6 microgram/day in female) on an average. The values of PGF-MUM in male were significantly higher than those in female (P less than 0.03). 2) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM for the patients with pulmonary emphysema were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those in the normal controls (P less than 0.01), and the values of PGF-MUM were correlated significantly (r=0.451, P less than 0.05) with arterial oxygen partial pressure. 3) Twenty-four hours secretions of PGF-MUM in the patients with asthma bronchiale, chronic bronchitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer were not significantly different from those in the normal controls. But, higher values of PGF-MUM were contained in the pulmonary fibrosis group, and the values of PGF-MUM were correlated with the serum LDH levels (r= 0.652, P less than 0.01). 4) The plasma PGF quantities were 0.7 +/- 0.5 ng/ml and the plasma PGE quantities were 1.7 +/- 0.6 ng/ml in normal subjects on an average. 5) The plasma PGF and PGE quantities in the patients with pulmonary emphysema were not significantly different from those in the normal controls. 6) A significant inverse correlation was observed between the decrease changes of pulmonary arterial pressures and the changes of plasma PGE quantities after oxygen inhalation for the patients with pulmonary emphysema (r= -0.737, P 0.01).
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PMID:[The quantities of main urinary metabolite of PGF, plasma PGF and plasma PGE in pulmonary diseases]. 712 48

Causes of death among 1,551 white male veterinarians identified from obituary listings in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association were compared to an expected distribution based on the general US population. The proportion of deaths was significantly high for particular neoplasms, especially leukemia and Hodgkin's disease, and cancers of the brain and skin. Although socioeconomic and methodologic factors may be involved, the excesses were primarily among veterinarians in clinical practice, raising the possibility that specific occupational exposures may be carcinogenic. Mortality was also relatively high for motor vehicle accidents, suicides and asthma, but low for lung cancer and other diseases of the respiratory system.
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PMID:Cancer and other causes of death among U.S. veterinarians, 1966-1977. 739 Jun 47

The present study describes changes during the period 1982 to 1992 in smoking prevalence, knowledge of the health consequences of smoking and analysis factors predicting quitting smoking among Danish adults. Data were collected by questionnaire in two independent cross-sectional studies in the western part of the County of Copenhagen. In 1982 the participation rate was 79% among 4807 randomly selected men and women aged 30, 40, 50 and 60 years. In 1992 it was 73% among 2226 randomly selected men and women of similar ages. Five years later 2987 of the participants from the study in 1982 were re-examined. From 1982 to 1992 the proportion of participants stating that smoking increases the risk of bronchitis, asthma, lung cancer, cancer of mouth and throat, thrombosis and hypertension increased. Knowledge was independent of smoking status. In 1982 men and women with a vocational education were more knowledgeable than those who were uneducated. This difference equalized in men during the study period. During the same period, the prevalence of smoking decreased from 62% to 52% in men and from 54% to 49% in women, but the declining prevalence was found in those with a vocational education only and an existing educational difference in smoking behaviours was enhanced. The decline in smoking in Denmark in the last decade has been associated with a narrowed gender difference and widened social difference. Knowledge of the health consequences of smoking has increased independently of these changes in smoking behaviour.
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PMID:Smoking behaviour in Danish adults from 1982 to 1992. 766 88

Many reports dealing with the toxicity of oil mist in industrial health have been published. The condition appears to be worldwide in distribution and the number of reported cases increases with increasing clinical awareness. In 158 reports published from 1965 to 1993 the following diseases were observed: Skin--contact dermatitis, oil acne and photosensitive allergic dermatitis; Scrotum--benign and malignant tumors; Respiratory system-nasal discomfort symptoms, rhinitis, nasal mucosal dysplasia, nasal mucosal tumor, laryngeal cancer, bronchitis, lipoid pneumonia, lung fibrosis, lung cancer and bronchial asthma; Others--possible carcinogenicity, high incidence of chromosomal change. This shows that oil mist appears to be involved in many industrial diseases, however, cause-and-effect relationship still remains a matter of conjecture; in which exposure dose and/or duration-dependent toxicity is highly probable. Further investigations will be required including immunotoxicological as well as environmental studies for oil mist exposure.
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PMID:[Oil mist exposure in industrial health--a review]. 774 90

The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of lung cancer in nonsmoking women in five metropolitan areas of the United States between December 1, 1985, and November 30, 1990. In-person interviews were conducted with 412 lung cancer cases and 1,253 population controls, yielding information on history of nonmalignant lung diseases that were diagnosed by a physician. When lung cancer cases were compared with controls, history of any previous lung disease was associated with a significant increased risk of lung cancer (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.0). Several lung diseases, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, and tuberculosis, were reported more often by lung cancer cases than by controls, and the difference was statistically significant for asthma (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.1-2.5) and chronic bronchitis (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.1-2.4). Since significant increased risks were observed for asthma and tuberculosis diagnosed before age 21 years, it is unlikely that reported prior lung diseases were prediagnostic manifestations of lung cancers. The increased risks associated with previous lung disease were observed for adenocarcinomas and other carcinomas of the lung; the point estimates were generally higher for the latter category. The risks associated with previous lung diseases remained unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders, including environmental tobacco smoke exposure during childhood and adult life and dietary factors.
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PMID:Previous lung disease and risk of lung cancer among lifetime nonsmoking women in the United States. 777 38

Some 3500 new cases of occupational respiratory disease are estimated to have been seen annually by SWORD participants in 1992 and 1993 with little important difference between the two years. As the number of new cases recognized and reported by chest physicians is close to complete, the estimated incidence is essentially correct. The pattern of disease which clearly emerges shows that at least half is attributable to asbestos exposure, despite the fact that lung cancer from this cause may be under-reported. Benign pleural disease comprises a large proportion of the cases, the long-term implications of which are unknown. Almost 40% of the cases reported are of occupational asthma or inhalation accidents, both due to a very large number of different agents and affecting many and varied occupations. These cases are preventable providing their occupational aetiology is recognized and appropriate measures of control are intensified.
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PMID:SWORD '93. Surveillance of work-related and occupational respiratory disease in the UK. 794 59

The US Environmental Protection Agency report released in January 1993, Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders, has stirred considerable discussion and interest in the issues surrounding tobacco and health. The report addresses major health effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), concluding (1) that ETS is causally associated with lung cancer in nonsmoking adults and should be classified as a group A, or known human carcinogen, with approximately 3000 excess deaths yearly; (2) that ETS produces an increased risk of development of acute lower respiratory tract irritation, asthma, and acute lower respiratory tract infections in children exposed in the home; and (3) that ETS is associated with an increase risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Other studies implicate ETS in between 35,000 and 40,000 premature deaths each year from cardiovascular disease. The Council on Scientific Affairs (CSA) agrees that ETS should be classified as a human carcinogen, and strongly supports the findings of other groups concerning both lung cancer and ETS-induced respiratory tract illnesses in children. The CSA concludes that exposure to passive smoke, whether in utero or during infancy, is associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. The CSA agrees that the available evidence suggests that ETS exposure leads to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. It is clear that these morbidity and mortality estimates represent a significant public health threat that demands attention from the health community as well as government regulatory agencies involved with health protection.
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PMID:Environmental tobacco smoke. Health effects and prevention policies. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. 800 May 57


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