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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diffuse malignant mesothelioma is a signal tumor of asbestos exposure. Mesothelioma incidence has been steadily rising during the past two decades, reflecting the increases in asbestos use during and following World War II. The onset of the disease follows exposure by 25 to 40 years. The dose-response relationship appears to be much lower than that for asbestosis or lung cancer-it is not known whether current levels of exposure will entail a risk for disease 30 years hence. There is no synergistic or additive interaction with smoking for this tumor. Current knowledge indicates that pleural plaques, per se, do not increase the risk for this tumor beyond that of the previous asbestos exposure alone. Durable fibers with high aspect ratios, especially amphiboles, are associated with experimental tumor induction. Treatment modalities including surgical procedures and chemotherapy with doxorubicin and 5-azacytidine offer prospects for palliation.
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PMID:Diffuse malignant mesothelioma: a review. 676 70

Several million workers previously exposed to asbestos are at risk each year for developing asbestosis or cancer as a result of this exposure. We have reviewed the data on the general effectiveness of screening for the two most common cancers found in these workers (lung cancer and colo-rectal cancer) and have compared the relative benefits expected from screening workers for colon or lung cancer 10, 15, 20 or 25 yr after their initial exposure. Although lung cancer is common, there is little evidence at present that screening for this disease is effective in reducing mortality. Colon cancer is less common, there is more evidence that screening is effective, and the relatively high risk of dying from this disease in asbestos workers makes screening useful. The cost per additional year of life extended by screening is only a few hundreds of dollars, making colon cancer screening programs for asbestos workers considerably more cost-effective than most other screening programs. We conclude that occupational safety agencies should consider implementing screening programs for colon cancer in workers exposed to asbestos over 10 yr ago.
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PMID:The costs and effects of screening for cancer among asbestos-exposed workers. 680 63

Approximately 19,000 cases of mesothelioma and 55,000 cases of lung cancer will arise in U.S. men with histories of nontrivial occupational exposure to asbestos. There are approximately 65,000 U.S. men now alive with clinically diagnosable asbestosis. These estimates are based, in the case of the cancer, on estimates of the effective number of asbestos-exposed workers required to produce the current national incidence of mesothelioma. The asbestosis estimates are based on a number of rough measures relating the prevalence of asbestosis to the incidence of mesothelioma, the incidence of compensable asbestosis in other countries, the prevalence of and mortality from pneumoconioses generally, and the number of workers heavily exposed to asbestos.
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PMID:Projections of asbestos-related disease 1980-2009. 685 31

Six hundred eighty-four rapid, sensitive thin layer immunoassays (TLI) were performed using an adapted visualization of condensation on plastic surface (VCS) method, for testing squamous cell and adenocarcinoma monospecific (TAA) and monoclonal antibody derived lung tumor-associated antigens (TAA epitopes) against small amounts of coded human test sera. The TAA epitopes selected for VCS-TLI were more specific, but both forms of TAA gave positive tests in 94% of lung cancer test sera of the appropriate histological types. The four antigens (adeno TAA and TAA epitope, squamous TAA and TAA epitope) did not react in VCS-TLI with coded sera from preselected normal individuals with known medical histories. With both TAA epitopes, 5% of non-lung cancer test sera were positive. There were indications that such tests may be useful in aiding pathological evaluations and in detecting precancerous conditions in patients with asbestosis. Cross-reacting (with other non-lung cancers) and specific peptide sequences of TAA were indicated in the comparative tests with the corresponding TAA epitopes, suggesting the tests for probing and analyzing portions of the antigens. Of immediate use is VCS-TLI for monitoring patients on specific active TAA immunotherapy.
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PMID:Lung tumor-associated antigens: thin layer immunoassay. 688 79

Measurements were made of the asbestos fibre and dust content of samples from 96 surgically excised lungs; 42 necropsies on patients with lung cancer, 11 necropsies on patients with non-pulmonary malignancies, and 59 necropsies on patients without any malignant disease. The patients' ages ranged from 45 to 74 years at the time of study. None of the patients had asbestosis. The distribution of fibres and dust content of the lungs showed a log-normal distribution. There was no significant difference in fibre counts or dust content between men and women, and between lung cancer and non-cancer patients. The only group with an association with a high asbestos fibre count was four necropsy cases of pleural mesothelioma. There was no significant relationship between asbestos fibre count and dust content of the lung. The present data suggest that asbestos fibre counts below 100,000 per gram of dried lung are not related to specific asbestos disease, although in the surgical cases who were closely questioned on their residential and occupational histories most of those with fibre counts above 30,000 per gram dried lung had had occasions of definite or very likely asbestos exposure.
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PMID:Pulmonary asbestos and dust content in East Anglia. 710 Dec 23

The papers in this session, which are summarized briefly, do not cover the wide range of radiological and clinical problems resulting from inhalation of asbestos dust. Pleural effusions are found in persons exposed occupationally to asbestos, even in the absence of asbestosis, but they are difficult to attribute to such exposure. Asbestosis of the lung shows no striking symptoms and can also be diagnosed only after all other possibilities have been excluded. There are no convincing or striking morphological peculiarities that suggest that an 'asbestos lung cancer' exists. Mesotheliomas of the pleura and of the peritoneum are usually resistant to therapy of any kind, although several possibilities are discussed. Radiological surveillance is presented as being still the most effective and reliable method for medical surveillance of asbestos workers. Circumscribed pleural thickening is benign but a good indicator of exposure to mineral dusts. Diffuse pleural thickening occurs frequently in nonexposed groups and cannot, therefore, be used as an indication of exposure; however, it cannot yet be ruled out as being significant epidemiologically.
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PMID:Clinical and radiological observations on asbestos-related pathology. 722 4

A cohort of 255 men who entered this factory since the beginning of 1951, when routine dust sampling weas initiated, have been followed up to the end of 1978. Eight (1.62 expected) died of lung cancer over 20 years after first exposure (P less than 0.001). Earlier estimates of dust levels hve been revised to correspond to modern counting methods, and the average cumulative exposure of this cohort is now estimated to have been 200-300 fibres/ml-years. No deaths have yet been attributed to asbestosis, but a separate study of this group has reported that 10 of these men have been certified as asbestotic. An earlier analysis of lung cancer, mesothelioma and asbestosis incidence in men employed prior to 1951 suggested a dose-response relationship for lung cancer in relation to static sampler dust measurements that was probably approximately correct, but it is not clear whether personal sampling wound give similar results.
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PMID:Lung cancer mortality in relation to measured dust levels in an asbestos textile factory. 722 39

A mortality study has been carried out at the London, Cardiff, or Swansea Pneumoconiosis Medical Panels between 1952 and 1976 on people certified as suffering from asbestosis. The main analysis was of 665 men, 283 of whom had died. Of the deaths, 39% were from lung cancer, 9% mesothelioma, and 20% asbestosis. The observed mortality was compared with expectation based on the death rates for England and Wales. For all causes the observed number of deaths was 2.6 times expectation and for lung cancer 9.1 times expectation. After 10 years from first certification half of the men had died compared with an expectation of one in four. The excess death rates were apparent in the first year after certification and were still operating after 10 years on those who survived until then. The main factor influencing the mortality was the clinical state of the men at the time of certification, as indicated by the percentage disability awarded; the excess lung cancer rate and the mesothelioma and asbestosis rates all increased with percentage disability. Those awarded only 10% or 20% benefit were still at risk from all the three asbestos-related causes. For a man certified at age 55 it was estimated that his life expectation would be reduced by 3, 5, 8, or 12 years according to whether his rate of disablement benefit was 10%, 20%, 30% or 40% , or 50% or more respectively.
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PMID:Mortality of workers certified by pneumoconiosis medical panels as having asbestosis. 723 37

The cancer incidence among asbestos workers in the Sennan District and its surrounding of Osaka Prefecture, Japan, and the results of a mass survey in the above area since 1957 were evaluated from view points of epidemiology. During the period from 1953 to 1979, 107 patients with asbestosis were admitted to this Hospital. Twenty-six (24%) of them died of various carcinoma; 21 had lung cancer, 2 pleural mesothelioma and 3 had stomach cancer. Respiratory insufficiency due to pulmonary asbestosis was responsible for 41 deaths (38%). by a cohort survey of the 297 asbestos workers in the same district, 4 cases of lung cancer, and 3 cases of gastric cancer were detected and cases of cohort survey were followed up for 19 years. Fifty-seven (10%) of 556 cases of silicosis and 14 (11%) of 125 cases of pneumoconiosis other than silicosis or asbestosis were found to have lung cancer, but no mesothelioma. These results indicate that lung cancer and mesothelioma are associated more frequently with asbestosis than with non-asbestos pneumoconiosis (p less than 0.001 as tested by chi2-test). The standardized mortality ratio of lung and stomach cancer among the inhabitants of the Sennan District was calculated based on the statistics during the period of 10 years (1968-1977). the ratio of observed death to expected death of both cancers was smaller than 1.1, and there was no significant increase of death of lung and stomach cancer, although the risk of lung cancer tended to increase among male inhabitants. Discussions were made on the problems related to asbestos industry.
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PMID:Asbestos and cancer in the Sennan District of Osaka. 731 84

Asbestos materials are now infrequently used in new ship construction. However, significant amounts were used in vessels constructed before 1975. As a consequence, for the next 30 or more years, the potential for asbestos exposure in the repair of such vessels will remain. We studied 286 workers who were 30 or more years from onset of employment in ship repair work. Eighty-six percent had radiological evidence of asbestosis, and five instances of previously undiagnosed lung cancer were found. This suggests that unless industrial hygiene precautions are taken in the future repair of vessels that have been built with asbestos, we will add additional decades to the legacy we already face as the result of uncontrolled shipyard exposures of the past.
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PMID:Radiological evidence of asbestos disease among ship repair workers. 734 58


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